المنتدى العالمي المعني بالأمن الغذائي والتغذية

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  هل هناك أية سياسات أو برامج ناجحة لمكافحة مشكلتي زيادة الوزن والسمنة؟

  المشاورات

  14.06.2016 - 07.07.2016
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    Keith Kline

    Oak Ridge National Laboratory

    الولايات المتحدة الأمريكيّة

    11.07.2016

    Rodrigo’s summary was excellent but omitted two key items:

    (a) consistent and clear food labeling (see my prior message on this topic)

    (b) institutional support and coping mechanisms for at-risk populations

    Example: There are 3,143 county jurisdictions in USA. And one single county, Holmes County in Mississippi, is now famous because it is both the US county with the highest obesity rate (47%), AND the US county documented as the “most food insecure” by USDA. Nearly 40 percent of children there have poor access to food. The common denominator is poverty and a lack of social services.   

    http://www.usnews.com/news/slideshows/study-the-worst-us-counties-for-your-health

    Keith L. Kline 
    
    Senior Research Staff, Environmental Sciences
    
    Climate Change Science Institute http://climatechangescience.ornl.gov/
    
    Center for BioEnergy Sustainability http://www.ornl.gov/sci/ees/cbes/
    
    Oak  Ridge National Laboratory    
    
    1 Bethel Valley Road, Bldg 4500 N, MS 6301
    
    P.O. Box 2008
    
    Oak Ridge, TN 37831-6301
    
    USA

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  Street food and urban and periurban agriculture and horticulture: perspectives for a strategic coalition towards food security

  المشاورات

  17.11.2014 - 12.12.2014
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    Keith Kline

    Oak Ridge National Laboratory

    الولايات المتحدة الأمريكيّة

    11.12.2014

    Overall, agricultural production systems around the world have been improving in efficiency such that the vast majority of increased production over the past two decades is attributed to enhancing “total factor productivity” (TFP) rather than expanding the land area or increasing the inputs needed to feed the world (See for example, Fuglie and Rada 2013; http://www.ers.usda.gov/amber-waves/2013-november/growth-in-global-agricultural-productivity-an-update.aspx#.VIm0GDHF-E4 ). 

    Further, as urbanization accelerates, many households bring agriculture and small animal husbandry with them into urban and periurban areas. Similarly, urban areas often expand into agricultural zones without totally displacing production. Thus, it seems clear that an important and growing share of food consumption is coming from these periurban/urban landscapes and this may be one of many reasons for observed improvements in TFP in recent years. However, more research is needed to quantify the scale and impacts. In the USA, rural producers living near urban centers are increasingly participating in urban “farmers markets.” Given that the most urgent and growing food problems in the world relate to malnutrition and health effects associated not with lack of food, but with too much of the wrong foods (WHO 2014), trends that facilitate healthy diets  should be encouraged. As the US Department of Agriculture reports, “The growing number of farmers markets could reflect increased demand for local and regional food products based on consumer perceptions of their freshness and quality, support for the local economy, environmental benefits, or other perceived attributes relative to food from traditional marketing channels. This chart updates one found in the ERS report, Local Food Systems: Concepts, Impacts, and Issues, ERR-97, May 2010.”  Given population dynamics, periurban and urban food production and systems will need to be designed to conserve and recycle energy and nutrients to efficiently meet future food security requirements.  

    Keith L. Kline 

    Senior Research Staff, Environmental Sciences

    Climate Change Science Institute http://climatechangescience.ornl.gov/

    Center for BioEnergy Sustainability http://www.ornl.gov/sci/ees/cbes/

    Oak  Ridge National Laboratory     

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