The overwhelming majority of scientific opinion on pollinator health confirms that this is a complex issue.
Threats are multiple and include land-use change, intensive agricultural management and pesticide use, environmental pollution, invasive alien species, pathogens, and climate change.
Emerging and re-emerging deseases are a significant threat to the health of honeybees, bumblebees and solitary bees expecially when managed commercially.
There is a need of moving towards more sustainable agricultural practices and reversing the semplification of agricultural landscapes.
The Assessment on Pollinator of Intergovernamental Science-Policy Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services (IPBES) confirms both the complexity and the multifaceted nature of this issue.
The analysis of Le Conte (2010) is very clear to this regard; even the European Commission on the main causes of bee mortality, according to beekeepers, shows 13 different threats. Some of these threats are dealing with beeking practice (according to COLOSS hobby beekeepers report higher losses).
Г-н Romano De Vivo