I have reviewed presentations of the following scientists, while giving my views/ideas to them on some selected points thanks:
- Pradip DeyICAR-AICRP (STCR), Indian Institute of Soil Science, BhopalIndia ''The critical limit of exchangeable K varies for soil to soil and crop to crop although K-rating limits are irrespective of crops or soils. Moreover, supply of soil K to plants is a complex phenomenon involving dynamic equilibrium among its various chemical forms''.
- Andrew comment: This means that for adequate usage of k supply, one must consider variations in soil because different agro-ecological zones have different soils. therefore; CocoFer have to consider country different way of fertilizer handling.
From the attachment of the document presented by:
- Dick Tinsley Colorado State UniversityUnited States of America, the first paragraph says that: ''One of the aspects in promoting more sustainable agriculture for smallholders in developing countries is to promote enhanced nutrient cycling by relying on organic sources of plant nutrients''. the papers goes on to explain the inconveniencies and strong disadvantages of using organic fertilizers, and bulky solid plant materials in banana plantation illustrating misuse and heaviness of using organic fertilizer.
- Andrew comment: i strongly agree with the consern and inconveniencies presented by Dick T. USA; in the two attached documents; it caused me to have a look on advantages and disadantages of using organic and chemical fertilizers, and i learned that one must consider both sides (advantage and disadvantage), not just biasing on one fact. Also there must be extention agronomists advising farmers the plactice of using fertilizers (chemical or organic fertil).
- Dick Tinsley ''My concern is based on most host governments being financially stalled, with poorly paid civil officers and virtually no operating funds. The result could be testing of fertilizer quality being mostly on the honor/graduity system and access to limited supply of fertilizer requiring some informal payments to gain access''.
- Andrew comment: i gree, with this consern and advise that the cocofer must consider financial aspects of most countries especially developing countries, this means that; before implementing cocofer into action; survies research must be done from selected countries conserning country ideas on how fertilizers (organic and chemical) are being used, aswell farmers accessibility.
- I request to have a look on the concern presented by Dr. Amanullah Department of Agronomy, The University of Agriculture PeshawarPakistan ''On phosphatic fertilizers P2O5 is written on bags but the recommendations for growers is in the for of P not P2O5. The fertilizers industries just deceived the uneducated farmers in developing countries. I mean if the fertilizers industries write P on the bags insteadof P2O5 the amount percent on bags will decrease and the growers will know the actual amount of P. Likewise the problem of K2O on bags deceived farmers for K required in the form of MOP and SOP''.
- Andrew comment: This concern is very genuine; and it implies that labeling and the content is different, the needed element is very little being engulfed in un needed materials, which cause farmers to pay alot of money un necessarily, we can say; the cocofer must consider farmers losses and fartilizer manufacturers, giving fertilizer standadizations and genuine content inside ''matiere ajuva".
- Talal Darwish National Center for Remote Sensing-CNRS Lebanon; To promote responsible and judicious use of fertilizers, CoCOFe must be presented in friendly and simple way, accessible to decision makers, farmers, housekeepers with possibility of controling food quality and tracing back. I suggest to encourage MS to carry the assessment and mapping of soil fertility, soil and water quality, landuse planning based on land quality and suitability to promote multifunctional landuse only on soils with low background values of heavy metals and absence of pesticide residues and high concentration of nitrates and nitrites.
- Andrew comment: i have realised that most suggestions from different people, have some points in common about fertilizer amendiments, from the above point, i suggest cocofer managers must prepare survey and carry out soil assessment atlist few countries from every continent grobaly.
- Dr. Amanullah Department of Agronomy, The University of Agriculture PeshawarPakistan ''When applying 120 kg/hm2 N source, 75% N from urea + 25% N from organic source resulted in higher YC and GY in 2011, while applying 50% N from urea + 50% N from organic sources caused higher YC and GY in 2012. Therefore, the combined application of N sources in the form of urea + organic source can produce good performances in terms of higher YC and GY of rice under rice-wheat cropping system''.
- Andrew comment: do you know that i did this experiment in 2012; and i fount that mixing organic and chemical fertilizers (NPK), do better in maize field than sole chemical fertilizer (NPK), the higher grain yield were obtained in fertilizer mixtures than the sole application. This is simply because the dissociation of sole chemical fertilizer were direct and can be finished from the soil by weeds and crops together, but the dissociation of organic fert. is progressive, this means that though it is on small amount, it is keept present in the soil, the progressiveness of organic fertilizer keeps availability of required nutrients at a prolonged period than chemical fertilizer only.
- CONSIDER THE FOLLOWING
- I dont mean that organic fertilizer can replace chemical fertilizer, but i mean that the fore can be the assistant of the latter once the latter is absent or once farmers have no accessiblity.
- In developing countries we dont need a lot of machinery to recycle plant remains to make organic fertilizer, farmers make organic in simple and local way and it help them
- farmers only need local agronomists (abafashamyumvire) and help them to recycle the plant remains, most farmers are not able to buy chemical, and they use organic, here we dont mean that organic fertilizer replace chemical fertilizer.
- Farmers not need lorries and other machines to trasport organic, they trasport by themselves, please the cocofer must not base only on the big farming systems/ modernity/machinery, or big plantations, also consider small subsistance farming systems.
I request to view this Papers: very important
1.THE COMBINED USE OF CHEMICAL AND ORGANIC FERTILIZERS AND/OR BIOFERTILIZER FOR CROP GROWTH AND SOIL FERTILITY
Jen-Hshuan Chen Department of Soil and Environmental Sciences, National Chung Hsing University 250 Kuo-Kuang Road, Taichung. Taiwan ROC.
2. Soil ferility and organic fertilizers in organic farming
Ivan Manolov 1 (Agricultural University, Plovdiv),
Ardian Maci 2 (Agricultural University of Tirana)
3. 52-Hidayat GY and YC-Rice Science-2016.pdf
Г-н Andrew Isingoma