Literature

Species Richness

Bonham, C. D. 1989. Measurements for terrestrial vegetation. John Wiley and Sons, N.J.

Bookhout, T. A., ed. 1995 Research and Management Techniques for wildlife and habitats. Fifth ed. The Wildlife Society, Bethesda, MD.

Boulinier, T., Nichols, J. D., Sauer, J. R., Hines, J. E., Pollock, K. H. 1998. Estimating species richness: the importance of heterogeneity in species detectability. Ecology 79:1018-1028.

Eckblad, J.W. 1991. How many samples should be taken? BioScience 41:346-348.

Elzinga, C. L. & Evenden, A. G. 1997. Vegetation monitoring: an annotated bibliography. USDA Forest Service Gen. Tech. Rept. INT-GTR-352.

Elzinga, Caryl L., Salzer, D. W. & Willoughby, J. W. 1998. Measuring and monitoring plant populations. BLM Tech. Reference 1730-1. BLM/RS/ST-98/005+1730. Available from Bureau of Land Management, National Business Center BC-650B, PO Box 25047, Denver, CO 80225-0047.

Gaston, K.J. 1996. Biodiversity: A biology of numbers and difference. Blackwell Science, Oxford.

Keating, K. A. & Quinn, J. F. 1998. Estimating species richness: a comparison of 12 nonparametric methods. Environmental and Ecological Statistics (submitted).

Keating, K. A. & Quinn, J. F. 1998. Estimating species richness: the Michaelis-Menten model revisited. Oikos 81:411-416.

Keating, K. A., Quinn, J.F., Ivie, M. A., Ivie, L. L. 1998. Estimating the effectiveness of further sampling in species inventories. Ecological Applications 8 (4):1239-1249.

Nichols, J. D., Boulinier, T., Hines, J. E., Pollock, K. H. & Sauer, J. R. 1998. Estimating rates of local species extinction, colonization, and turnover in animal communities. Ecological Applications 8:1213-1225.

Nichols, J. D., Boulinier, T., Hines, J. E., Pollock, K. H. & Sauer, J. R. 1998. Inference methods for spatial variation in species richness and community composition when not all species are detected. Conservation Biology 12:1390-1398.

Nichols, J. D. & Conroy, M. J. 1996. Estimation of species richness. In Wilson, D.E., Cole, F. R., Nichols, J. D., Rudran, R. & Foster, M. S. (eds). Measuring and Monitoring Biodiversity. Standard Methods for Mammals. p. 226-234. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, D.C.

Palmer, M. W. 1995. How should one count species? Natural Areas Journal 15:124-135.

Palmer, M. W. 1990. The estimation of species richness by extrapolation. Ecology 71:1195-8.

Rosenzweig, M.L., ed. 1995. Species diversity in space and time, Cambridge University Press.

Sutherland, W.J. 1996. Ecological Census Techniques. A Handbook. Cambridge University Press.

Thompson, W. L., White, G. C. & Gowan, C. 1998. Monitoring vertebrate populations. Academic Press. New York.

Habitat fragmentation

Dobson, A.P. 1995. Conservation and Biodiversity. Scientific American Library, New York.

Ehrenfeld, D., ed. 1995. Readings from Conservation Biology: The Landscape Perspective, Blackwell Science, Cambridge, Mass.

Basics-Conservation biology

Edwards, P.J., May, R.M. & Webb, N.R., eds. 1994. Large-scale ecology and conservation biology. Blackwell Scientific Publications, Oxford.

Frankel, O.H., Brown, A.H.D. & Burdon, J.J. 1995. The Conservation of Plant Biodiversity. Cambridge Univ. Press.

Gibbs, J. P., Droege, S. & Eagle, P. 1998. Monitoring populations of plants and animals. Bioscience 48(11):935-940.

Goldsmith, B., ed. 1991. Monitoring for conservation and ecology. Conservation Biology Series. Chapman & Hall London.

Green, R. H. 1979. Sampling design and statistical methods for environmental biologists. John Wiley and Sons. New York.

Greig-Smith, P. 1983. Quantitative plant ecology, 3rd edition. University of California Press, Berkeley, CA.

Hawksworth, D.L. 1995. Biodiversity: Measurement and estimation. Chapman & Hall, London

Kendall, K. C., Metzgar, L. H., Patterson, D. A. & Steele, B. M. 1992. Power of sign surveys to monitor population trends. Ecological Applications 2:422-430.

Kenkel N. C., Juhasy-Nagy, P. & Podani, J. 1989. On sampling procedures in population and community ecology. Vegetation 83:195-207.

Nusser, S. M., Breidt, F. J. & Fuller, W. A. 1998. Design and estimation for investigating the dynamics of natural resources. Ecological Applications 8:234-245.

Philippi, T. E., Dixon, P. M. & Taylor, B. E. 1998. Detecting trends in species composition. Ecological Applications 8:300-308.

Spellerberg, I.F., ed. 1996. Conservation Biology. Addison. Wesley Longman Ltd.

Szaro, R.C. & Johnson, D.W., eds. 1999. Biodiversity in managed landscapes: theory and practice. Blackwell Science, Melbourne Australia.

Indicator species

Mills, L. S., Soule, M. E. & Doak, D. F. 1993. The keystone-species concept in ecology and conservation. BioScience 43(4):219-224.

Power, M. E., Tillman, D., Estes, J. A., Mange, B. A., Bond, W. J., Mills, L. S., Daily, G., Castilla, J. C., Lubchenco, J. & Paine, R. T. 1996. Challenges in the quest for keystones. BioScience 46(8):609-620.

Biodiversity basics

Davis, G. E. 1993. Design elements of monitoring programs: the necessary ingredients for success. Environ. Monitoring and Assessment 26:99-105.

Debinski, D. M. & Humphrey, P. S. 1997. An integrated approach to biological diversity assessment. Natural Areas Journal 17:355-365.

Dixon, P. M., Olsen, A. R. & Kahn B. M. 1998. Measuring trends in ecological resources. Ecological Applications 8:225-227.

Eberhardt, L.L. & Thomas, J.M. 1991. Designing environmental field studies. Ecological Monographs 61:53-73.

Edwards, D. 1998. Issues and themes for natural resources trend and change detection. Ecological Applications 8:323-325.

Groombridge, B. (Ed.) 1992. Global Biodiversity: Status of the Earth's Living Resources. London, Chapman and Hall.

Hawksworth, D.L., Kirk, P.M. & Clarke, S.D., eds. 1997. Biodiversity information: needs and options. Cab International, Oxon.

Hawksworth, D. L. (Ed.), 1995. Biodiversity: measurement and estimation. Chapman and Hall / Royal Society.

Heywood, V.H. & Watson, R.T., eds. 1995. Global Biodiversity Assessment. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.

Hinds, W. T. 1984. Towards monitoring of long-term trend in terrestrial ecosystems. Environmental Conservation 11:11-18.

Huston, M. A. 1994. Biological diversity. Cambridge University Press.

Jermy, A. C., Long. D., Sands, M. J. S., Stork, N. E. & Winser, S. (Eds) 1995. Biodiversity Assessment: a Guide to Good Practice. London, Department of the Environment and HMSO.

Karr, J. R. 1987. Biological monitoring and environmental assessment: A conceptual framework. Environmental Management 11:249-256.

Krebs, C. J. 1989. Ecological Methodology. Harper-Collins Publ. ISBN 0-06-043784-7.

Lambeck, R. J. 1997. Focal species: a multi-species umbrella for nature conservation. Conservation Biology 11:849-856.

Lawton, J. H. & Brown, V.K. 1993. Redundancy in ecosystems. pp. 255-270. In: Schulze E. D. & Mooney H. A. (Eds), Biodiversity and ecosystem function. New York, Springer Verlag.

Magnuson, J. J. 1990. Long-term ecological research and the invisible present. BioScience 40:495-501.

Manly, B. F. 1992. The design and analysis of research studies. Cambridge Univ. Press, NY.

Overton, W. S., & Stehman, S. V. 1996. Desirable Design Characteristics for long-term Monitoring of Ecological Variables. Environ. and Ecological Stat. 3:349-361.

Pace, M.L. & Groffman, P.M. 1998. Successes, limitations, and frontiers in ecosystem science. Springer-Verlag, New York, New York, USA.

Peterson, D. L., Silsbee, D. G. & Schmoldt, D. L. 1995. A planning approach for developing inventory and monitoring programs in national parks. NPS Natural Resources Rept. NPS/NRUW/NRR-95/16.

Pickett, R.S., Ostfield, M. Shachak, M. Likens, G.E., eds. 1997. The ecological basis for conservation. Chapman&Hall. New York

Ringold, P., Alegria, J., Czaplewski, R., Mulder, B., Tolle, T. & Burnett, K. 1997. Adaptive monitoring design for ecosystem management. Ecological Applications 6:745-747.

Rosenzweig, M.L. 1995. Species diversity in space and time. Cambridge University Press.

Scott, C. T. 1998. Sampling methods for estimating change in forest resources. Ecological Applications 8:228-233.

Silsbee, D. G., & Peterson, D. L. 1991. Designing and implementing comprehensive long term inventory and monitoring programs for national park system lands. Natural Resources Report NPS/NRUW/NRR-91/04. USDI National Park Service, Denver CO. 13p.

Silsbee, D. G. & Peterson, D. L. 1993. Planning for implementation of long-term resource monitoring programs. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment 26:177-185.

Skalski, J. R. 1990. A Design for Long-term Status and Trend Monitoring. J. Environ. Manage. 30:139-144.

Smith, E. P. 1994. Biological monitoring: statistical issues and models. p. 243-261 In: Patil, G. P. & Rao, C. R., eds. Handbook of Statistics, Vol. 12. Elsevier Science.

Stork, N. E. & Samways, M. J. 1995. Inventorying and monitoring. pp.453-542. In: Heywood, V. H. (Ed.) Global Biodiversity Assessment. Cambridge, Cambridge University Press.

Sutherland, W.J. 1996. Ecological Census Techniques. A Handbook. Cambridge University Press

UNEP 1996. Global biodiversity assessment. Ed. V. H. Heywood. Cambridge University Press.

Urquhart, N. S., Overton, W. S. & Birkes, D. S. 1993. Comparing Sampling Designs for Monitoring Ecological Status and Trends: Impact of Temporal Patterns. pp. 71-85. In: Barnett V. & Turkman K. F. eds. Statistics for the Environment. John Wiley and sons, Ltd.

Usher, M. B. 1994. Biodiversity: which communities are hiding it? pp. 265-273. In: Leather, S. R., Watt, A. D., Mills, N. J. & Walters, K. F. A. (Eds.) Individuals, Populations and Patterns in Ecology. Andover, Intercept.

Wilson, E. O. (Ed.) 1988. Biodiversity. Washington, National Academy Press.

A comprehensive list of references is also available form the Biodiversity and Ecosystem Function website.

Biodiversity online

Biodiversity and Conservation - A Hypertext Book
The origin, nature and value of biological diversity, the threats to its continued existence, and approaches to preserving what is left.

Virtual Library of Ecology and Biodiversity
Specializes in reviewing internet information sources pertaining to ecology and biodiversity based on their educational value.