An FAO/WFP Crop and Food Security Assessment Mission (CFSAM) visited South Sudan from 4 to 14 December 2017 to estimate the cereal production during 2017 and assess the overall food security situation in the country. The CFSAM reviewed the findings of several Crop Assessment Missions conducted at planting and harvest time in the different agro-ecological zones of the country from May to December 2017. As during 2014, 2015 and 2016, all the missions were carried out by a Task Force Team that comprised staff from the Ministry of Agriculture and Food Security (MAFS), the National Bureau of Statistics (NBS) and FAO. Task Force Team members have been trained during the past years to conduct rapid assessments using established protocols and techniques, such as driving and walking transects, scoring standing crops according to yield, and livestock according to body condition, perform key informant interviews and farmer case studies. In addition, supported by the FAO/AFIS Project, 39 County Crop Monitoring Committees (CCMCs) have been formed in 2016 and 2017, with a view to extending the responsibility of collecting more objective data at local level.