An FAO/WFP Crop and Food Security Assessment Mission (CFSAM) visited South Sudan from 3 to 13 December 2018 to estimate the cereal production during 2018 and assess the overall food security situation in the country. The CFSAM reviewed the findings of several Crop Assessment Missions conducted from May to December 2018 at planting and harvest time in different agro-ecological zones of the country. As during the past four years, all the missions were carried out by a Task Force Team that comprised staff from the Ministry of Agriculture and Food Security (MAFS), the National Bureau of Statistics (NBS), FAO and the respective State Ministries of Agriculture. Task Force Team members have been trained during the past years to conduct rapid assessments using established CFSAM protocols and techniques, including walking transects, scoring standing crops according to the PET yield levels and livestock body conditions, perform key informant interviews and farmer case studies. Between 2016 and 2018, in the framework of the concluded FAO/AFIS Project and the ongoing FAO-EU Project “Strengthening the resilience of pastoral and agro-pastoral communities in South Sudan’s cross border areas with Sudan, Ethiopia, Kenya and Uganda” (OSRO/SSD/703/EU), 54 County Crop Monitoring Committees (CCMCs) have been established with the aim to improve the local capacity to collect reliable and accurate data. All assessment and training activities have been financially supported by the European Union through the FAO South Sudan office.