The national production of essential crops such as cereals is highly exposed to climatic risks since they are mainly produced in arid and semi-arid lands, characterized by limited soil and water resources to satisfy crop growth requirements. Given the high economic weight of agriculture on the Moroccan economy (15 to 20% of NGP and 40% employment), any eventual temporal or seasonal variation of the climate will immediately effect national economy and food security. Quantitative analyses are key to understand the processes at stake and formulate adapted measures.