3.7. Poultry Slaughtering
OVERALL ASSUMPTIONS
" Plant Processing capacity per day: 200 chickens/day (478 kg/day)
" Living chicken weight: 2,39 kg
" Labour: 9 workers (1 manager, 1 secretary, 7 workman)
" Number of working days in a year: 260 (Saturdays and Sundays not accounted)
" Plant working period: 8 hours per day
According to SILVA et al. (2003), the following data can be considered:
Living poultry weight (raw material) = 2,39 kg/chicken
Residues to be treated: edible viscera (heart, liver and gizzards)
For the calculation of yields and losses of many processing stages, we will consider the slaughter of 200 chickens (2,39 each) or 478 kg of raw material (M1), per production day. It is important to emphasize that the percentages below are associated with the live chicken weight.
a) Bloodshed / Feather removal / Removal (blood, feathers, feet, paws and neck):
Data: 11,35% of blood and feather, 2.67% of paws (PIF PAF, 2003), 2,43% of neck
and 3,65% of feet (ROÇA, 2000)
losses (P1): 20,10% = 96,08 kg
b) Viscera removal (edible and inedible viscera):
Data: 23,09% of feathers, blood and inedible viscera, 1,86% of liver, 1,36% of gizzard, 0,58% of heart (ROÇA, 2000) e 11, 35% of blood and feather (PIF PAF, 2003).
If we subtract the total percentage of feathers, blood and inedible viscera from the total percentage of blood and feathers (PIF PAF 2003), we will have 11, 74% inedible viscera. The total amount of edible ones (3,80%) is referred to the sum of the liver, gizzard and heart (ROÇA, 2000).
Losses (P2): 15,54% = 74,28 kg
c) Cooling (moisture absorption):
Data: maximum allowed weight gain of 8% (SAAFI, 2003)
Gains (G1): 8% = 24,55 kg
d) Classification:
Data: 1,20% of retails/fat and 0,49% of waste (ROÇA, 2000)
Losses (P3): 1,69% = 8,08 kg
These calculations are summarized below.
|
Variable
|
Name
|
Value
|
|
M1
|
Initial raw material
|
478 kg/day
|
|
P1
|
Blood, feathers, feet, paws and neck losses (Bleeding/feather
removal)
|
96,78 kg/day
|
|
P2
|
Edible and inedible viscera (viscera removal)
|
74,28 kg/day
|
|
G1
|
Moisture Absorption (Cooling)
|
24,55 kg/day
|
|
P3
|
Retails and residues (classification)
|
8,08 kg/day
|
|
V1
|
Edible viscera (VC)
|
18,16 kg/day
|
|
M1/R1
|
Ratio 1
|
1,478 kg living poultry / kg frozen poultry
|
|
M1/V1
|
Ratio 2
|
26,32 kg living poultry / kg VC
|
Yield 1 (R1) = (M1) / (M1 - P1 - P2 + G1 - P3) = (478) / (323,41) =
1,4780 kg of live poultry /kg of frozen poultry.
Yield 2 (R2) = (M1)/(V1) = (478/18,16) = 26,3216 kg of live poultry/kg
of VC
