Herbs, spices and essential oils: post-harvest operations in developing countries: Appendix I

Appendix I: Spice and Essential Oil Products and their Growing Regions

Table 1: Spice and Essential oil crop products from fruits and seeds for world climate zones (Kőppens)

Species	Common Name	Family	Habit	Plant part(s) used as source(s) of product	Product 1	Climate Zone 2
Abelmoschus moschatus	Ambrette	Malvaceae	Perennial shrub	Seeds	EO, A, C	Aw
Aegle marmelos	Bael, Bengal Quince	Rutaceae	Perennial tree	Fruit rind, Flowers	EO	Aw, Bs
Aframomum angustifolium	Madagascar cardamom	Zingiberaceae	Perennial herb	Fruit,Seeds	S	Aw
Aframomum hanburyi	Cameroon cardamom	Zingiberaceae	Perennial herb	Fruit,Seeds	S	Aw
Aframomum koranima	Korarima cardamom	Zingiberaceae	Perennial herb	Fruit,Seeds	S	Aw
Aframomum melegueta	Grains of Paradise	Zingiberaceae	Perennial herb	Fruit,Seeds	S	Aw
Allium schoenoprasum	Chive	Alliaceae	Perennial herb	All parts	S, EO, O	Aw, Ar, Bs, Cs, Do, Dc, Df, Dw, E
Amomum aromaticum	Bengal cardamom	Zingiberaceae	Perennial herb	Fruit, seed	S, EO	Aw
Amomum kepulaga	Round cardamom	Zingiberaceae	Perennial herb	Fruit, seed	S, EO	Aw
Amomum krervanh	Cambodian cardamom	Zingiberaceae	Perennial herb	Fruit, seed	S, EO	Aw
Amomum subulatum	Nepal cardamom	Zingiberaceae	Perennial herb	Fruit capsule	S, EO	Aw,
Amomum tsao-ko	Tsao-ko cardamom	Zingiberaceae	Perennial herb	Fruit, seed	S, EO	Aw
Amomum villosum	White cardamom	Zingiberaceae	Perennial herb	Fruit, seed	S, EO	Aw, Ar
Anethum graveolens	Dill	Apiaceae	Annual herb	Leaves, Seeds	S, EO, O, C, A	Aw, Bs, Cs, Do, Dc, Df, Dw, E
Anethum sowa	Indian Dill	Apiaceae	Annual herb	Seeds	S, EO, O, C, A	Aw, Bs, Cs, Do, Dc, Df, Dw, E
Angelica archangelica	Angellica	Apiaceae	Biennial herb	Roots, Seeds	S, EO, O, C, A	Bs, Do, Dc, Df, Dw, E
Apium graveolens	Celery	Apiaceae	Biennial herb	Aerial parts, Seeds	S, EO, O	Aw, Bs, Cs, Do, Dc, Df, Dw, E
Artocarpus heterophyllus	Jackfruit	Moracaea	Perennial tree	Fruit, seed	S	Aw, Ar, Cf, Cs, Cw
Averrhoa belimbi	Bilimbi	Oxalidaceae	Perennial tree	Fruit	S	Aw, Ar
Averrhoa carambola	Carambola	Oxalidaceae	Perennial tree	Fruit	S	Aw, Ar
Berberis vulgaris	Barberry	Berberidaceae	Perennial shrub	Fruit	S	Do, Dc
Borago officinalis	Borage	Boraginaceae	Annual herb	Flowers, seed	S, A, E	Bs, Cs, Do, Dc, Df, Dw
Brassica carinata	Abysinnian mustard	Brassicaceae	Annual herb	Seed	S	Aw, Cf
Brassica juncea	Indian mustard	Brassicaceae	Annual/perennial herb	Seed	S	Aw, Bs, Cs, Do
Brassica nigra	Black Mustard	Brassicaceae	Annual herb	Seed	S, EO, A	Bs, Do, Dc, Df, Dw
Bunium persicum	Black caraway	Apiaceae	Perennial herb	Root,Seed	S, EO	Bs, Bw, Dc, E*
Bursera penicillata	Elemi gum	Burseraceae	Perennial tree	Fruit husk,seed, wood	EO	Aw, Ar*
Canarium ovatum	Pilinut	Burseraceae	Perennial tree	seed fruit stems	EO, O	Aw, Ar
Capsicum annuum	Peppers	Solanaceae	Annual shrub	Fruits	S, O	Aw, Ar, Cf, Cs, Cw
Capsicum frutescens	Cayenne pepper	Solanaceae	Annual shrub	Fruits	S, O	Aw, Ar, Bs, Cf, Cs, Cw
Carum carvi	Caraway	Apiaceae	Biennial herb	Seeds	S, EO, O	Cs, Do, Dc, Df, Dw
Citrofortunella X microcarpa	Calamondin	Rutaceae	Perennial tree	Fruit	S	Aw, Ar, Cf, Cs, Cw
Citrullus colocynthis	Colocynth	Cucurbitaceae	Annual vine	Seed	S	Aw, Ar, Bs, Cs, Do
Citrus aurantifolia	Lime	Rutaceae	Perennial tree	Fruit rind	EO	Aw, Ar, Cf, Cs, Cw
Citrus aurantium	Sour Orange	Rutaceae	Perennial tree	Flowers, Fruit rind, Leaves,	EO	Aw, Bs, Cf, Cs, Cw
Citrus bergamia	Bergamot orange	Rutaceae	Perennial tree	Fruit rind	EO	Aw, Ar, Bs, Cf, Cs
Citrus limon	Lemon	Rutaceae	Perennial tree	Fruit rind	S, EO	Aw, Bs, Cf, Cs, Cw

1 The product classification used is: A: absolute; C: concrete; E: extract; EO: essential oil; R: resin; S: spice (or herb).

2 The climate biome classifications as per FAO website ( http://ecocrop.fao.org ) are: Ar: tropical wet, Aw: tropical wet & dry, Bw: desert or arid, Bs: steppe or semiarid, Cf: subtropical humid, Cs: subtropical dry summer, Cw: subtropical dry winter, Dc: temperate continental, Df: temperate with humid winters, Do: temperate oceanic, Dw: temperate with dry winters, E: boreal.

When the species did not have a biome requirement listed on the FAO ecocrop web site, this was estimated by the authors and acknowledged with an asterisk.