Appendix I: Spice and Essential Oil Products and their Growing Regions
Table 1c: Spice and Essential oil crop products from fruits and seeds for world climate zones (Kőppens)
Species |
Common Name |
Family |
Habit |
Plant part(s) used as source(s) of product |
Product 1 |
Climate Zone 2 |
Piper nigrum |
Pepper |
Piperaceae |
Perennial vine |
Fruits |
S, EO, O |
Aw, Ar |
Piper species |
Pepper |
Piperaceae |
Perennial shrubs/vines |
Fruits |
S. EO |
Aw, Ar* |
Prunus dulcis |
Almond |
Rosaceae |
Perennial tree |
Seed kernel |
S, EO, O |
Bw, Bs, Cs, Do, Dc, Df, Dw |
Prunus mahaleb |
Mahaleb cherry |
Rosaceae |
Perennial tree |
Seeds |
S |
Cf, Dc, Do* |
Psidium guajava |
Guava |
Myrtaceae |
Perennial tree |
Fruit, leaves |
EO |
Aw, Ar, Bs, Cf, Cs, Cw |
Punica granatum |
Pomegranate |
Punicaceae |
Perennial tree |
Seed |
S |
Aw, Ar, Bs, Cf, Cs, Cw |
Sambucus nigra |
Elder |
Caprifoliaceae |
Perennial tree |
Flowers, fruit |
S |
Aw, Cs, Cw, Do, Dc |
Schinus molle |
Pepper tree |
Anacardiaceae |
Perennial tree |
Fruit Leaves |
S, EO |
Aw, Bs, Cf, Cs, Cw |
Schinus terebenthifolius |
Brazillian pepper |
Anacardiaceae |
Perennial tree |
Fruit |
S |
Aw, Ar , Cf * |
Sesamum indicum |
Sesame |
Pedaliaceae |
Annual herb |
Seeds |
S, E |
Aw, Bs, Cf, Cs, Cw |
Sinapis alba |
White mustard |
Brassicaceae |
Annual herb |
Seed |
S |
Bs, Do, Dc, Df, Dw, E |
Smyrnium olusatrum |
Alexanders |
Apiacea |
Biennial herb |
Leaves, seed |
S |
Bs, Cs, Do* |
Tamarindus indica |
Tamarind |
Cesalpiniaceae |
Perennial tree |
Fruits |
S |
Aw, Bs, Cf, Cs |
Trachyspermum copticum |
Ajowan caraway |
Apiaceae |
Annual herb |
Fruits |
S, EO |
Bs, Cs* |
Trigonella caerulea |
Blue fenugreek |
Fabaceae |
Annual herb |
Leaf, seed |
S |
Bs, Cf, Cs, Dc, Do* |
Trigonella foenum-graecum |
Fenugreek |
Fabaceae |
Annual herb |
Seed |
S, EO, O |
Aw, Bs, Cs, Do |
Vanilla planifolia |
Vanilla |
Orchidaceae |
Perennial herb |
Fruits |
S, EO, R, E, |
Aw, Ar |
Xylopia aethiopica |
Ethiopian pepper |
Annonaceae |
Perennial tree |
Fruit |
S |
Aw* |
Zanthoxylum piperitum |
Sichuan pepper |
Rutaceae |
Perennial tree |
Fruits |
S, EO |
Aw, Cf* |
1 The product classification used is: A: absolute; C: concrete; E: extract; EO: essential oil; R: resin; S: spice (or herb).
2 The climate biome classifications as per FAO website ( http://ecocrop.fao.org ) are: Ar: tropical wet, Aw: tropical wet & dry, Bw: desert or arid, Bs: steppe or semiarid, Cf: subtropical humid, Cs: subtropical dry summer, Cw: subtropical dry winter, Dc: temperate continental, Df: temperate with humid winters, Do: temperate oceanic, Dw: temperate with dry winters, E: boreal.
When the species did not have a biome requirement listed on the FAO ecocrop web site, this was estimated by the authors and acknowledged with an asterisk.