Herbs, spices and essential oils: post-harvest operations in developing countries: App.I, table 2c

Appendix I: Spice and Essential Oil Products and their Growing Regions

Table 2c: Spice and Essential oil crop products from leaves and stems for world climate zones (Köppen's)

Species	Common Name	Family	Habit	Plant part(s) used as source(s) of product	Product 1	Climate Zone 2
Mentha aquatica	Bergamot mint	Lamiaceae	Perennial herb	Aerial parts	EO	Dc, Do*
Mentha arvensis	Japanese mint	Lamiaceae	Perennial herb	Aerial parts	EO	Aw, Ar, Bs, Cf, Cs, Cw, Do, Dc, Df, Dw
Mentha piperita	Peppermint	Lamiaceae	Perennial herb	Aerial parts	EO	Aw, Ar, Cf, Cs, Cw, Do, Dc, Df, Dw
Mentha pulegium	European pennyroyal	Lamiaceae	Perennial herb	Aerial parts	EO	Bs, Cs, Do, Dc, Df, Dw
Mentha x spicata	Spearmint	Lamiaceae	Perennial herb	Aerial parts	EO	Aw, Ar, Cf, Cs, Cw, Do, Dc, Df, Dw
Monarda citriodora	Lemon Bergamot	Lamiaceae	Annual herb	Aerial parts	EO	Cf*
Monarda didyma	Bergamot	Lamiaceae	Perennial herb	Aerial parts	EO	Cf, Dc, Do*
Monarda punctata	Horsemint	Lamiaceae	Perennial herb	Aerial Parts	EO	Bw, Cf, Dc*
Morus alba	Mulberry	Moraceae	Perennial tree	Leaves , fruit	EO	Aw, Bs, Cf, Cs, Do
Murraya koenigii	Curry leaf	Rutaceae	Perennial tree	Leaf	S	Aw
Myrica gale	Bog myrtle	Myricaceae	Perennial shrub	Leaves , fruit	S	Dc, Do, E*
Narcissus poeticus	Poet’s Narcissus	Liliaceae	Annual herb	Aerial parts	C, A	Cs, Cf, Dc, Do*
Nasturtium officinale	Water cress	Brassicaceae	Perennial herb	Leaves , seed	S	Aw, Ar, Bs, Cf, Cs, Cw, Do, Dc, Df, Dw
Nepeta cataria	Catnip	Lamiaceae	Perennial shrub	Aerial parts	S, EO	Bs, Do, Dc, Df, Dw
Ocimum basilicum	Sweet basil	Lamiaceae	Annual herb	Leaves, bark	EO	Aw, Ar, Cf, Cs, Cw, Do
Ocimum tenuiflorum	Holy basil	Lamiaceae	Perennial shrub	Aerial parts	EO	Aw, Cs
Ocotea quixos	American cinnamon	Lauraceae	Perennial tree	Aerial parts	S	Aw, Ar*
Origanum majorana	Sweet marjoram	Lamiaceae	Perennial shrub	Aerial parts	EO	Cs, Do, Dc
Origanum vulgare	Oregano	Lamiaceae	Perennial shrub	Aerial Parts	EO, O, E	Bs, Cs, Do*
Pandanus amaryllifolius	Pandan leaves	Pandanaceae	Perennial tree	Leaf	S	Aw, Ar*
Pelargonium capitatum	Geranium	Geraniaceae	Perennial herb	Aerial parts	EO, C, A.	Bs, Cf*
Pelargonium graveolens	Geranium, rose	Geraniaceae	Perennial shrub	Aerial parts	EO, C, A.	Cs, Do
Petroselinum crispum	Parsley	Apiaceae	Biennial herb	Aerial parts, seed	EO	Aw, Ar, Bs, Cf, Cs, Cw, Do, Dc, Df, Dw, E
Peumus boldus	Boldo	Monimiaceae	Perennial tree	Leaves	S, EO	Cs*
Pimenta racemosa	Bay Rum tree	Myrtaceae	Perennial tree	Leaves	EO, O	Aw, Ar
Pinus spp.	Pine	Pinaceae	Perennial tree	Heartwood, needles Resin	EO, R, O, E	Bs, Bw, Cf, Cs, Cw, Dc, Df, Do, Dw, E*
Piper betle	Betle	Piperaceae	Perennial shrub	Leaves	S, EO	Aw, Ar
Pistacia lentiscus	Pistacia	Anacardiaceae	Perennial tree	Leaves, Resin	S, R, A	Cs, Do
Plectranthus amboinicus	Mexican mint	Lamiaceae	Perennial herb	Leaves	S	Aw, Ar*
Pogostemon cablin	Patchouli	Lamiaceae	Perennial herb	Leaves	EO, C, E	Aw, Ar
Polygonum hydropiper	Water pepper	Polygonaceae	Annual herb	Leaves	S	Aw, Bs, Cf, Do, Dc, E
Polygonum odoratum	Vietnamese coriander	Polygonaceae	Perennial herb	Leaves	S	Aw, Ar*
Portulaca oleracea	Purslane	Portulacaceae	Annual herb	Leaves	S	Aw, Ar, Cf, Cs, Cw
Rosmarinus officinalis	Rosemary	Lamiaceae	Perennial shrub	Aerial parts	S, EO	Bs, Cs, Do, Dc, Df, Dw
Ruta graveolens	Rue	Rutaceae	Perennial shrub	Leaves, flowers, fruits	EO	Aw, Bs, Cs, Do
Ruta montana	Mountain rue	Rutaceae	Perennial shrub	Leaves, flowers, fruits	S, EO	Cs, Dc, Do*

1 The product classification used is: A: absolute; C: concrete; E: extract; EO: essential oil; R: resin; S: spice (or herb).

2 The climate biome classifications as per FAO website ( http://ecocrop.fao.org ) are: Ar: tropical wet, Aw: tropical wet & dry, Bw: desert or arid, Bs: steppe or semiarid, Cf: subtropical humid, Cs: subtropical dry summer, Cw: subtropical dry winter, Dc: temperate continental, Df: temperate with humid winters, Do: temperate oceanic, Dw: temperate with dry winters, E: boreal.

When the species did not have a biome requirement listed on the FAO ecocrop web site, this was estimated by the authors and acknowledged with an asterisk.