Herbs, spices and essential oils: post-harvest operations in developing countries: App.I, table 5

Appendix I: Spice and Essential Oil Products and their Growing Regions

Table 5: Spice and Essential oil crop products from barks, wood and resins for world climate zones (Köppen's)

Species	Common Name	Family	Habit	Plant part(s) used as source(s) of product	Product 1	Climate Zone 2
Acacia senegal	Gum arabic	Fabaceae	Perennial tree	Resin, seeds	R	Aw, Ar, Bw, Bs
Amyris balsamifera	Sandlewood	Rutaceae	Perennial tree	Wood	EO	Aw*
Aniba canelilla	Rosewood	Lauraceae	Perennial tree	Bark	S, EO	Ar*
Aniba rosaeodora	Rosewood	Lauraceae	Perennial tree	Bark	S, EO	Ar*
Anogeissus latifolia	Ghatti gum	Combretaceae	Perennial tree	Gum	R	Aw, Ar, Cf, Cs, Cw
Boswellia carteri	Frankincense	Burseraceae	Perennial tree	Secretion from bark	R, EO	Bs, Bw*
Boswellia serrata	Indian Frankincense	Burseraceae	Perennial tree	Secretion from bark	R, EO	Aw, Bs
Bursera penicillata	Elemi gum	Burseraceae	Perennial tree	Fruit husk,seed, wood	EO	Aw, Ar*
Canarium indicum	Java olive	Burseraceae	Perennial tree	Resin	R, E	Aw, Ar
Canarium luzonicum	Elemi oil	Burseraceae	Perennial tree	Secretion from bark , Resin	EO	Aw, Ar*
Canella alba	Wild cinnamon	Canellaceae	Perennial tree	Bark	S, EO	Aw, Ar
Cedrus deodara	Cedar	Pinaceae	Perennial tree	Wood	EO	Cs
Chamaecyparis obtusa	Hinoki Cypress	Cupressaceae	Perennial tree	Leaves, wood	EO	Cf*
Cinnamomum burmannii	Indonesian Cassia	Lauraceae	Perennial tree	Leaves, bark	S, EO	Ar
Cinnamomum camphora	Camphor	Lauraceae	Perennial tree	Leaves, wood	S, EO	Aw, Ar, Cf, Cs, Cw
Cinnamomum loureirii	Vietnamese Cassia	Lauraceae	Perennial tree	Leaves , Bark	S, EO	Aw, Ar, Cf
Cinnamomum tamala	Indian Cassia	Lauraceae	Perennial tree	Leaves, bark	S, EO	Aw, Ar*
Cinnamomum verum	Cinnamon	Lauraceae	Perennial tree	Leaves, bark	S, EO, O	Ar, Cf
Commiphora africana	African myrrh	Burseraceae	Perennial tree	Bark	S	Aw, Bw, Bs
Commiphora erythraea	Opopanax	Burseraceae	Perennial tree	Resin	R, EO	Aw, Bw, Bs*
Commiphora molmol	Myrrh	Burseraceae	Perennial tree	Resin	R	Aw, Bw, Bs*
Copaifera officinalis	Copaiba	Fabaceae	Perennial tree	Resin	R, O	Aw, Ar*
Cupressus sempervirens	Italian Cypress	Cupressaceae	Perennial tree	Leaves, bark	EO	Cs, Do
Ferula assa-foetida	Asafetida	Apiaceae	Perennial herb	Root exudate	S, R	Bs, Bw, Cs
Ferula gummosa	Galbanum	Apiaceae	Perennial herb	Root exudate	S, R	Bs, Bw, Cs*
Galipea officinalis	Angostura	Rutaceae	Perennial tree	Bark	E	Aw, Ar*
Garcinia indica	Kokam	Clusiaceae	Perennial tree	Leaf, bark, fruit	S, E	Aw, Ar*
Juniperus virginiana	Eastern Red cedar	Cupressaceae	Perennial tree	Heartwood, leaves	EO	Cf, Dc, Do*
Liquidambar styraciflua	Sweet gum	Hamamelidaceae	Perennial tree	Secretion from bark	R, EO	Aw, Cf, Cs
Ocimum basilicum	Sweet basil	Lamiaceae	Annual herb	Leaves, bark	EO	Aw, Ar, Cf, Cs, Cw, Do
Ocotea pretiosa	Brazillian sassafras	Lauraceae	Perennial tree	Wood	EO	Aw, Ar*
Picrasma excelsa	Quassia	Simaroubaceae	Perennial tree	Wood	E	Aw, Ar*
Pinus spp.	Pine	Pinaceae	Perennial tree	Heartwood, needles	EO, R, O, E	Bs, Bw, Cf, Cs, Cw, Dc, Df, Do, Dw, E*
Pistacia lentiscus	Pistacia	Anacardiaceae	Perennial tree	Leaves, Resin	S, R, A	Cs, Do
Santalum album	Sandlewood	Santalaceae	Perennial tree	Heartwood	EO	Aw, Bs
Sassafras albidum	Sassafras	Lauraceae	Perennial tree	Root bark	EO	Cf, Dc
Styrax benzoin	Benzoin	Styracaceae	Perennial tree	Secretion from bark	R, EO	Aw, Ar
Vitex negundo	Chaste tree	Verbenaceae	Perennial tree	Leaves, stems, bark	EO	Aw, Ar*

1 The p roduct classification used is: A: absolute; C: concrete; E: extract; EO: essential oil; R: resin; S: spice (or herb).

2 The climate biome classifications as per FAO website ( http://ecocrop.fao.org ) are: Ar: tropical wet, Aw: tropical wet & dry, Bw: desert or arid, Bs: steppe or semiarid, Cf: subtropical humid, Cs: subtropical dry summer, Cw: subtropical dry winter, Dc: temperate continental, Df: temperate with humid winters, Do: temperate oceanic, Dw: temperate with dry winters, E: boreal.

When the species did not have a biome requirement listed on the FAO ecocrop web site, this was estimated by the authors and acknowledged with an asterisk.