1.To collect, arrange and research crop species resources

1)     From 1950s to early 1980s , more than 30000 kinds of crop species resource have been mastered by China, mainly by Research Institute of Crop-species Resource, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, and ranked at advanced level in the world.

2)     Based on the investigation into rice species in Yunnan Province, mainly organized by Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences and Yunnan Agricultural Academy, more than 1950 kinds of wild rice species together with cultivated ones have been collected, which further proved that Yunnan is one of places where world rice originated.

3)     Based on the investigation into China's wild bean,   mainly organized by Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences and Jilin Agricultural Academy, more than 4000 samples of wild bean body have been collected which contributed to the found of China's wild bean distribution and the discovery of high protein-contented, strong disease-resistant and high productive species.

4)     Based on the cooperation between Chinese Agricultural Academy and related regions, nation-wide investigation into wild rice was conducted. As one of important results, the discovery of the Common Wild Rice in Dongxiang county, Jiangxi province, has proven that northern boundary of China's wild rice is 3 degrees more than formerly thought.

5)     Jointly organized by Chinese agricultural Academy and Tibet Agricultural & Pastoral Academy, the multiple disciplines and integrated investigation into Tibet's crop species resources have been carried out several times. More than 14780 samples of species resource about 30 crops have been collected, which supported that Tibet is the source of various crops and provided scientific basis for deeper exploitation and utilization of them.

2. To select and popularize high-quality crop species

6)     From 1949 to 1985, China have successfully bred more than 3400 kinds of species, which belongs to 40 crops, and made species of China’s main crops renew 3—5 times.

7)     New species, named by “Square-short” and “Pearl-short” successfully bred by Huang Huixiang and others, from Guangdong Agricultural Academy, made a breakthrough in the course of short-stalked rice variety breeding in China. And, in 1973, China successfully realized “three-family system”, composed of Sterile Rice System, Preservation Rice System and Recovery Rice System. In the same year, hybrid rice was applied in production on large scale and raised output per unit by a large margin.

8)     From 1940s to 1960s, various fine kinds of wheat species were successfully bred by Chinese, such as “Bima No. 1”, “6028” and “High Harvest No. 3” by Zhao Hongzhang and others form Northwest Agricultural Institute , “Dongfanghong”  and “Nongda No.139” by Caixu and others form Beijing Agricultural University , “Beijing No.8” and “Beijing No.10” by Zhuang Qiaosheng and others from Institute of Crop Breeding and Cultivating, Chinese Agricultural Academy.

9)     In the middle 1970s, Li Jingxiong etc., from Institute of Crop Breeding and Cultivating, Chinese Agricultural Academy, successfully selected and bred fine corn species named by “Zhongdan No. 2”, which possessed properties such as multiple disease-resistance ability, high production and wide adaptability. The species was popularized in 1977, making great contribution to the big rise of corn output in China.

10)    In the early 1980s, Sheng Jialian etc., from Xuzhou Agricultural Institute, bred a new fine sweet potato species “Xushu No.18”.

11)    In 1976, Pang Juqing etc., from Research Institute of Cotton in Shangdong province, successfully bred “Lumian No. 1”, a fine upland cotton species. In the same year, “86-1” cotton species was bred by Institute of Botanical Protection, Chinese Agricultural Academy and others.

12)    “Qinyou No. 2”, a new species of hybrid-rape that possess Three-system’s good qualities, was bred by Li Dianrong from Agricultural and Reclamation Education Center in Shaanxi province, which contributed to the emancipation of making advantage of hybrid resources in China’s winter rape area of Cabbage Type.

3.Inprovement of cultivating and cropping technologies

13)    In late 1970s, Zhang Jinxi etc., from Institute of Crop Breeding, Chinese Agricultural Academy and the researchers from Beijing Agricultural Institute, proposed the theory of “To promote and control based on the index of wheat’s leaf age”.

14)    In 1979, the cooperation group to introduce, test, research and popularize film-cover technology, together with Changsha No.3 Plastic Factory and Dalian No.9 Plastic Factory, successfully developed land-film and put into bulk production. The achievement was applied to more than 40 crops, such as grain crops, cotton, rape, vegetable, melon and fruits.

4. Soil inventory and improvement of low-yield soil

15)    Institute of Red Soil, Jiangxi Agricultural Academy et al,   improved the poor-condition of red soil in Jinxian county, Jiangxi province and increased total grain output there by 2.7 times, through the measures such as expanding cropping area of Chinese milk vetch, widening the source of organic manure, speeding up cultivating process of soil and coordinating engineering project.

16)    From the 1960s, Wang Shouchun from Institute of Soil and Fertilizer, Chinese Agricultural Academy, Jia Dalin from Institute of farmland Irrigation, Chinese Agricultural Academy and Shi Yuanchun from Beijing Agricultural University etc., started to study improving and exploiting saline-alkali soil over an extensive area in Huanghe , Huaihe and Haihe plain, which bring the drought, water-logging, saline-alkali and poor soil under comprehensive control.

5. To improve ways of spreading fertilizer and promote benefit of chemical fertilizer to increase production

17)    Institute of Soil and Fertilizer, Chinese Agricultural Academy have set up the net of fertilizer test in the whole country from 1985, and researched on nitrogenous fertilizer rationally applied to crops. According to different soil, such as red soil and yellow soil of rice field in South of China, the new reclaimed planosols, and the soils short of potassium or other chemical elements, different ways to spread manure are taken.

6. Research on law of crop’s water need and irrigation technology saving on water.

18)  Institute of Farmland Irrigation, Chinese Agricultural Academy et al has studied the technology of spraying irrigation for several years, and defined that mobile spraying irrigation is superior to surface irrigation in hills and mountains short of water.

7. Research on plant conservation.

19)    Qiu Shibang etc., from Institute of Agricultural Science in Northern China, put forward “Three Investigation” of flying locust that is to investigate spawn, to investigate chrysalis and to investigate imago, carried out “Dust 666 ” and “Wheat Bran Poison Bait ” to control locust, and also advanced guiding principle of “Prevention and Control of Locusts” and   brought the harm of locusts under control.

20)    Linyu and Wu Zhenkun etc., from Institute of Agricultural Science in Northern China, put forward strengthening forecast of borer pest , take measures combined agricultural prevention and control with chemical prevention and control, which make proportion of borer pest loss from 10-15 percent down to 1 percent from 1970s.

21)    Cheng Shanming and Wang Kening from Institute of Plant Conservation, Chinese Agricultural Academy,   Liu Hanwen and Lu Duanyi from Shaanxi Agricultural Academy, and Li Zhenqi from Northwest Agricultural College etc., put forward forecasting ways on wheat’s stripe rust, rational distribution of disease-resistant species and antigen and strategic measures to prolong the survive life of disease-resistant species and so on.

22)    After a long-term research,   Li Guangbo etc. from Institute of Plant Conservation, Chinese Agricultural Academy set forth the armyworm’s over-winter migration first in the world.

23)    Research Sector of Agricultural Chemical, Institute of Plant Conservation, Chinese Agricultural Academy, developed successfully technology in spraying in ultra-low capacity by plane.

24)    Zhejiang Agricultural University and other cooperated units studied “ The Standard of Security about Agricultural Chemical Use”. 69 items on 16 crops had been promulgated and implemented since 1979.

8. Silkworm research and popularization  

25)    Yi Wenzhong etc., from Institute of Silkworm, Chinese Agricultural Academy, had collected and preserved 482 kinds of silkworm species from 1978 to 1986.

26)  Institute of Silkworm Science in Liaoning province etc. had successfully developed effective medicament of “Silk-fly-cide No.1” and “Silk-fly-cide No.2” to prevent and control parasitic fly in tussah’s abdomen.

9. The agricultural bio-technology has made great progress. The breeding technology of haploid with anther has been carried out successfully on more than 10 crops.

10. Remote sensing has been applied in national soil survey at county level, land resource investigation at middle or micro scale, and yield estimation of major crops.