The aim of this paper is to present a three-stage model that specifies the possible mechanisms for the domestication of the guanaco (Lama guanicoe cacsilensis Lönnberg, 1913), which gave origin to the llama (Lama glama Linnaeus, 1758). A more comprehensive analytical framework is proposed, beyond the wild-domestic dichotomy. The model takes into account the interaction of two components: animal and human behaviors. Simultaneously, we analyse the types of selection acting in the different stages of the domestication process and the archaeological evidence available.
Year of publication: 2016Organization: Auteurs individuels
Topic: Services environnementaux, Innovation
Language: English
Type of document: Scientifique
Geographical coverage: Amérique Latine
This publication compiles 60 articles of the contributions presented at the 19th Meeting of the FAO-CIHEAM Mountain Pastures Subnetwork, held in Zaragoza (Spain) in 2016: “Mountain pastures and livestock farming facing uncertainty: environmental, technical and socio-economic challenges”. Over 90 researchers and technicians involved in research and development activities on mountain pastures participated in the Meeting, structured around four specific scientific topics: 1) Pathways towards mountain farming system sustainability: assessment methods and case studies ; 2) Livestock on mountain pastures: animal performance and quality products ; 3) Animal-Pasture interactions in mountain areas: bottlenecks and opportunities in biodiversity management and forage production ; 4) Mountain pastures and society: biophysical, economic and socio-cultural valuation of ecosystem services. Presentations of the meeting can be found here.
Year of publication: 2016Organization: Centre international de hautes études agronomiques méditerranéennes (CIHEAM)
Topic: Changement climatique, Économie, Services environnementaux, Sécurité alimentaire, Régime foncier, Services sociaux
Language: English
Type of document: Scientifique
Geographical coverage: Europe
La pérennité des sociétés pastorales repose sur une forme exceptionnelle de partage et de gestion collective de l'espace. Ce n'est pas tant la menace de la disparition de ces sociétés qui inspire ce livre mais les vertus de leur modèle collectif. Ce modèle s'oppose au modèle dominant dont la rentabilité à court terme est l'objectif premier. Des formes nouvelles d'élevage pastoral apparaissent. Restent à les concilier avec les traditions qui changent.
Year of publication: 2016Organization: Auteurs individuels
Topic: Économie, Les savoirs autochtones
Language: Français
Type of document: Technique
Geographical coverage: Europe, Afrique du Nord, Afrique occidentale, Afrique centrale
This report reviews information on livestock development in Karamoja, Uganda, leading to priorities for livestock development. The report notes the central role of livestock in livelihoods and economies, and a shift towards more supportive policies and programs for mobile livestock production in the region. The technical areas covered include veterinary services, water for livestock, feed and fodder, livestock marketing and policy issues.
Year of publication: 2016Organization: Agence des États-Unis pour le développement international
Topic: Économie, Organisation
Language: English
Type of document: Technique
Geographical coverage: Afrique orientale
This technical brief looks at the factors impeding development in pastoralist regions, and suggests possible solutions to improve pastoralist livelihoods. The brief is organized around the community capitals framework, which combines two major lines of assessing livelihoods: livelihoods-centred approaches and economy-centred approaches. Rather than regarding pastoralists as a problem, policymakers should see them as a major and indispensable contributor to the development of sparsely populated, marginal areas.
Year of publication: 2016Organization: Vétérinaires Sans Frontières (VSF)
Topic: Économie, Services environnementaux, Sécurité alimentaire, Jeunesse et égalité des sexes, Régime foncier, Participation, Services sociaux
Language: English, Italiano, Español
Type of document: Technique
Geographical coverage: Global
Ce bulletin politique incite à harmoniser des cadres législatifs nationaux et régionaux concernant les services de santé animale pour que les pasteurs notamment en région sahélienne puissent bénéficier de services de santé animale de qualité et à moindre coût. Des systèmes associant agents communautaires de santé animale et docteurs vétérinaires sont indispensables pour assurer des soins de santé animale de qualité. Au niveau régional, la priorité doit être donnée aux dispositifs locaux participatifs à l’image des services vétérinaires privés de proximité.
Year of publication: 2016Organization: Vétérinaires Sans Frontières (VSF)
Topic: Services sociaux
Language: Nederlands, English, Français
Type of document: Technique, Politiques et législation
Geographical coverage: Afrique occidentale
Pastoralism is one of the dominant economies of the Sahel and is by far the main economy on the fringes of the Sahara, a zone that has recently become very unstable. It is estimated that about 50 million people rely on pastoralism for their only or a main part of their livelihood in Sub-Saharan Africa; about half of them are located in the Sahel and the Saharan fringes, and of these about 70 percent are poor. The insecurity and instability in these areas directly lead to increased poverty of already poor pastoralists by interfering with their mobility. Competition over natural resources, especially land, has become an issue of major concern and cause of conflict between the Sahel’s pastoral and farming populations. Over the last several decades, the World Bank’s activities to develop this region have included improving the livelihoods of pastoralists. This note seeks to offer guidance to international, national, and local decision makers on the drivers of conflict and instability that are most related to pastoral communities, as well as possible measures to reduce violence and enhance stability in the Sahel. This note attempts to bring together two dimensions related to development: pastoral livelihoods resilience and conflict analysis.
Year of publication: 2016Organization: Banque mondiale
Topic: Conflit, Résilience
Language: English
Type of document: Technique
Geographical coverage: Afrique occidentale
The goal of this film is to provide an overview of herders’ traditional ecological knowledge. The herders interviewed are traditional herders who possess a rich knowledge mostly inherited from the family and previous generations, and tested and adapted during their personal life. This film was made for the Regional Assessment for Europe and Central Asia of the Intergovernmental Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services (IPBES). A summary of the herders’ understandings, knowledge and arguments can be found here.
Year of publication: 2016Organization: Auteurs individuels
Topic: Services environnementaux, Les savoirs autochtones
Language: English, Magyar
Type of document: Vidéos
Geographical coverage: Europe