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Book (series)Exposure of humans or animals to SARS-CoV-2 from wild, livestock, companion and aquatic animals
Qualitative exposure assessment
2020Also available in:
No results found.Understanding the risk of exposure of humans or animals to SARS-CoV-2 from animals and their products is essential for containing virus spread, prioritizing research, protecting food systems, and informing national One Health investigations and mitigation measures. This Qualitative Exposure Assessment provides a comprehensive review of available scientific evidence and assessment of exposure risk from different wild or domestic animal species. Results can inform country-level risk assessment and provide the evidence base for targeted SARS-CoV-2 investigations in animals and mitigation options. This publication provides: I. assessment of the risk of human or animal exposure to SARS-CoV-2 through contact with, handling or consumption of wild, domestic and aquatic animal species or their products; II. identification of current knowledge gaps regarding the zoonotic origin or animal-human spillover of SARS-CoV-2 and recommendations on priority studies; III. summary of available evidence for SARS-CoV-2 susceptibility of different animal species; IV. evidence-based recommendations on how to prioritize animal species for targeted field investigations or research studies; V. recommendations for targeted One Health investigations and epidemiological, laboratory, anthropological or seasonality studies to fill critical knowledge gaps evidenced by this exposure assessment. -
NewsletterPorcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) regional awareness
No. 2 - 2007
2007Also available in:
No results found.This issue of Focus On, the latest addition to FAO’s Emergency Prevention System (EMPRES) publications, looks into porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS), which was first recognized in the United States in 1987 although its description had appeared in some countries years earlier, is now found in almost all swine producing countries. A number of PRRS outbreaks have occurred recently in South Africa, Russia, China and Viet Nam. The disease, which represents a worldwide threat, is ch aracterized by reproductive failure of sows and respiratory distress of piglets and fattening pigs which, combined with a potential for rapid spread, can cause significant production and economic losses. Two major antigenic types of the virus exist, the European and the American type. Some of the reports from Asia, where the PRRS virus has been isolated, describe a disease of swine with high mortality in different age groups. The key elements for prevention, control and eradication of PRRS are e arly detection and rapid laboratory confirmation, quick identification of infected farms, and rapid response through a variety of stamping out strategies and the use of vaccines with proven efficacy. This "Focus on PRRS" recommends that veterinary services reinforce their capacity in PRRS surveillance and diagnosis by training veterinarians in disease recognition, and by initiating or reviewing contingency plans in the event of disease introduction. It is also important to update risk ass essments for PRRS and other transboundary swine diseases, giving adequate attention to the trade in live pigs for breeding, pork products and routes of infection such as semen or swill feeding with contaminated products from affected areas. -
Brochure, flyer, fact-sheetExposure of humans or animals to SARS-CoV-2 from wild, livestock, companion and aquatic animals
Qualitative exposure assessment – Summary
2020SARS-CoV-2 is an emerging virus currently causing a large epidemic of COVID-19. Countries have asked FAO to provide guidance on how to investigate the potential animal sources(s) of the virus. This summary provides a shorter version of the original paper on rapid qualitative risk assessment for SARS-CoV-2 spillover at animal-human interface, and highlights the key knowledge gaps and recommendations.
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