Fish is an important source of food protein, and fisheries and aquaculture are critical to food security in many countries, particularly among poor communities in coastal areas. However, overexploitation threatens many stocks, marine and freshwater, partly because of the open access conditions that still prevail in fisheries. Effective conservation and sustainable management of both marine and inland fisheries are needed at national and international levels so that living aquatic resources can continue to meet global nutritional needs. In addition, inland fisheries and aquaculture can be further developed.