Posted February 2000
Table 1: Oshana Case A - Female widowed parent with six children and one other adult
| Parameter | Situation before death | Situation after death | Comments |
| No. of cattle | 130 | 0 | Taken away |
| No. of sheep and goats | 198 | 80 | Some taken away |
| No. of pigs | 0 | 0 | |
| No. of chickens | 28 | 12 | Some died |
| Total area cropped | 4 ha | 4 ha | |
| Amount of grain produced relative to annual requirements | More than enough | Just enough | Draught power and manure no longer available; continues to use fertilizer |
| No. of household members employed off-farm | 0 | 0 | |
| Other income-generating activities | Selling home-made bread | 0 | Money to buy flour no longer available |
Table 2: Oshana Case B - Female widowed parent with six children
| Parameter | Situation before death | Situation after death | Comments |
| No. of cattle | 27 | 0 | Taken away |
| No. of sheep and goats | 20 | 10 | Some taken away, others slaughtered |
| No. of pigs | 0 | 0 | |
| No. of chickens | 20 | 10 | Slaughtered for family consumption |
| Total area cropped | 2 ha | 2 ha | |
| Amount of grain produced relative to annual requirements | Just enough | Less than needed | Draught power and manure no longer available |
| No. of household members employed off-farm | 0 | 0 | |
| Other income-generating activities | 0 | 0 |
Table 3: Oshana Case C - Female widowed parent with seven children and four other adults
| Parameter | Situation before death | Situation after death | Comments |
| No. of cattle | 10 | 0 | Taken away |
| No. of sheep and goats | 10 | 0 | Taken away |
| No. of pigs | 1 | 1 | |
| No. of chickens | 48 | 20 | Some taken away |
| Total area cropped | 2 ha | 2 ha | |
| Amount of grain produced relative to annual requirements | Just enough | Less than needed | Manure no longer available; continues to use fertilizer |
| No. of household members employed off-farm | 1 | 0 | Died |
| Other income-generating activities | Cuca-shop | 0 | Taken |
Table 4: Oshana Case D - Female widowed parent with six children and two other adults
| Parameter | Situation before death | Situation after death | Comments |
| No. of cattle | 0 | 0 | |
| No. of sheep and goats | 92 | 0 | Taken away |
| No. of pigs | 3 | 1 | Slaughtered |
| No. of chickens | 30 | 10 | Some slaughtered for family consumption |
| Total area cropped | 3 ha | 3.5 ha | Indicates determination to make up for lost livestock |
| Amount of grain produced relative to annual requirements | More than enough | Just enough | Manure no longer available; continues to use fertilizer |
| No. of household members employed off-farm | 0 | 0 | |
| Other income-generating activities | 0 | 0 |
Table 5: Oshana Case E - Female widowed parent with eight children and two other adults
| Parameter | Situation before death | Situation after death | Comments |
| No. of cattle | 40 | 8 | Some taken |
| No. of sheep and goats | 80 | 0 | Taken away |
| No. of pigs | 0 | 0 | |
| No. of chickens | 40 | 18 | Some taken |
| Total area cropped | 4 ha | 3 ha | Draught power taken |
| Amount of grain produced relative to annual requirements | More than enough | Just enough | Draught animals taken, depends on hand hoeing; manure no longer available; no more money to use fertilizer |
| No. of household members employed off-farm | 1 | 0 | Died |
| Other income-generating activities | Cuca-shop | 0 | Destroyed |
Table 6: Oshana Case F - Female widowed parent with eight children and four other adults
| Parameter | Situation before death | Situation after death | Comments |
| No. of cattle | 120 | 40 | Some taken |
| No. of sheep and goats | 102 | 114 | |
| No. of pigs | 0 | 0 | |
| No. of chickens | 48 | 20 | Some slaughtered for family consumption |
| Total area cropped | 3 ha | 2 ha | |
| Amount of grain produced relative to annual requirements | More than enough | Less than needed | |
| No. of household members employed off-farm | 2 | 1 | One died |
| Other income-generating activities | Cuca-shop | 0 | Taken |
Table 7: Oshana Case G - Female widowed parent with four children and two other adults
| Parameter | Situation before death | Situation after death | Comments |
| No. of cattle | 80 | 60 | Some taken |
| No. of sheep and goats | 60 | 60 | |
| No. of pigs | 2 | 0 | Slaughtered |
| No. of chickens | 28 | 20 | Some slaughtered for family consumption |
| Total area cropped | 2 ha | 3 ha | Indicates determination to make up for lost livestock |
| Amount of grain produced relative to annual requirements | More than enough | Just enough | Manure no longer available; continues to use fertilizer |
| No. of household members employed off-farm | 2 | 1 | One died |
| Other income-generating activities | Cuca-shop | Cuca-shop |
Table 8: Oshana Case H - Male widowed parent with six children and five other adults
| Parameter | Situation before death | Situation after death | Comments |
| No. of cattle | 15 | 15 | Slaughtered oxen for funeral provided by uncle |
| No. of sheep and goats | 28 | 37 | Increase due to natural reproduction |
| No. of pigs | 0 | 0 | |
| No. of chickens | 23 | 37 | Increase due to natural reproduction |
| Total area cropped | 3 ha | 3 ha | |
| Amount of grain produced relative to annual requirements | More than enough | More than enough | Continues to use manure and fertilizer |
| No. of household members employed off-farm | 1 | 1 | Working father takes care of family |
| Other income-generating activities | 0 | 0 |
Table 9: Oshana Case I - Male widowed parent with eight children and seven other adults
| Parameter | Situation before death | Situation after death | Comments |
| No. of cattle | 25 | 25 | Two oxen slaughtered for funeral; two calves born |
| No. of sheep and goats | 36 | 48 | |
| No. of pigs | 4 | 2 | Slaughtered for sale |
| No. of chickens | 17 | 25 | |
| Total area cropped | 4 ha | 4 ha | |
| Amount of grain produced relative to annual requirements | Just enough | Just enough | Continues to use manure and fertilizer |
| No. of household members employed off-farm | 3 | 2 | One died |
| Other income-generating activities | 0 | 0 | Parents' pension a major income source |
Table 10: Oshana Case J - Male widowed parent with five children and three other adults
| Parameter | Situation before death | Situation after death | Comments |
| No. of cattle | 10 | 8 | Two oxen slaughtered for funeral |
| No. of sheep and goats | 20 | 20 | |
| No. of pigs | 0 | 0 | |
| No. of chickens | 40 | 40 | |
| Total area cropped | 7 ha | 3 ha | |
| Amount of grain produced relative to annual requirements | Just enough | Less than needed | Continues to use manure but poor weed management on a reduced area |
| No. of household members employed off-farm | 2 | 2 | They do not help children at home |
| Other income-generating activities | 0 | 0 |
Table 11: Oshana Case K - Male widowed parent with seven children and two other adults
| Parameter | Situation before death | Situation after death | Comments |
| No. of cattle | 13 | 13 | One ox slaughtered for funeral; one calf born |
| No. of sheep and goats | 0 | 0 | |
| No. of pigs | 3 | 1 | Slaughtered for funeral |
| No. of chickens | |||
| Total area cropped | 4 ha | 3 ha | Labour is now short |
| Amount of grain produced relative to annual requirements | More than enough | More than enough | Continues to use manure and fertilizer |
| No. of household members employed off-farm | 0 | 0 | |
| Other income-generating activities | 0 | 0 | Occasional remittance from sisters and brothers is the major income source |
Table 12: Oshana Case L - Male widowed parent with four children
| Parameter | Situation before death | Situation after death | Comments |
| No. of cattle | 55 | 50 | Some oxen slaughtered for funeral |
| No. of sheep and goats | 20 | 20 | |
| No. of pigs | 0 | 0 | |
| No. of chickens | 20+ | 20+ | |
| Total area cropped | 2.5 ha | 2.5 ha | |
| Amount of grain produced relative to annual requirements | More than enough | More than enough | Continues to use manure and fertilizer |
| No. of household members employed off-farm | 1 | 1 | |
| Other income-generating activities | 0 | 0 |
Table 13: Oshana Case M - Child-headed household with four children
| Parameter | Situation before death | Situation after death | Comments |
| No. of cattle | 6 | 4 | Two oxen slaughtered for funeral |
| No. of sheep and goats | 14 | 10 | Dying due to poor management |
| No. of pigs | 0 | 0 | |
| No. of chickens | 16 | 10 | Dying due to poor management |
| Total area cropped | 5 ha | 2 ha | |
| Amount of grain produced relative to annual requirements | Just enough | Far, far less than required | Little manure used and no fertilizer; crop and weed management very poor on a reduced area |
| No. of household members employed off-farm | 0 | 0 | |
| Other income-generating activities | 0 | 0 |
Table 14: Oshana Case N - Child-headed household with four children
| Parameter | Situation before death | Situation after death | Comments |
| No. of cattle | 0 | 0 | |
| No. of sheep and goats | 0 | 0 | |
| No. of pigs | 1 | 0 | Slaughtered |
| No. of chickens | 10 | 0 | Slaughtered |
| Total area cropped | 1 ha | 1 ha | |
| Amount of grain produced relative to annual requirements | Less than enough | Far, far less than required | No manure and no fertilizer used; crop and weed management very poor |
| No. of household members employed off-farm | 0 | 0 | Other children tend to stay away from home |
| Other income-generating activities | 0 | 0 |
Table 15: Oshana Case O - Child-headed household with ten children
| Parameter | Situation before death | Situation after death | Comments |
| No. of cattle | 2 | 2 | |
| No. of sheep and goats | 9 | 9 | |
| No. of pigs | 1 | 1 | |
| No. of chickens | 24 | 24 | |
| Total area cropped | 4 ha | 4 ha | |
| Amount of grain produced relative to annual requirements | Less than required | Less than required | No manure use, animals too few; some fertilizer used; crop and weed management very poor; inexperienced labour |
| No. of household members employed off-farm | 1 | 1 | |
| Other income-generating activities | Selling grain silos and hoe handles | Selling grain silos and hoe handles | There is little demand for the goods |
Table 16: Caprivi Case P - Female widowed parent with four children and seven adults
| Parameter | Situation before death | Situation after death | Comments |
| No. of cattle | 6 | 4 | Source of income |
| No. of sheep and goats | 0 | 0 | |
| No. of pigs | 0 | 0 | |
| No. of chickens | 8 | 7 | |
| Total area cropped | 18ha | 1ha | No support from the family |
| Amount of grain produced relative to annual requirements | More than enough | Far, far less than required | Crop area reduced; no support from the family |
| No. of household members employed off-farm | 2 | 0 | |
| Other income-generating activities | Selling grain | Selling fish | There is little demand for fish |
Table 17: Caprivi Case Q - Female widowed parent with six children
| Parameter | Situation before death | Situation after death | Comments |
| No. of cattle | 0 | 0 | |
| No. of sheep and goats | 7 | 4 | Source of income |
| No. of pigs | 0 | 0 | |
| No. of chickens | 3 | 0 | All sold |
| Total area cropped | 7 ha | 3 ha | |
| Amount of grain produced relative to annual requirements | Just enough | Less than required | Crop area reduced; poor weed management; no money to hire labour and buy improved seed |
| No. of household members employed off-farm | 0 | 0 | |
| Other income-generating activities | Beer brewing and casual work | Beer brewing and casual work |
Table 18: Caprivi Case R - Male widowed parent with five children and one other adult
| Parameter | Situation before death | Situation after death | Comments |
| No. of cattle | 2 | few | |
| No. of sheep and goats | 0 | 0 | |
| No. of pigs | 0 | 0 | |
| No. of chickens | 6 | 4 | Two sold |
| Total area cropped | 3 ha | 3 ha | |
| Amount of grain produced relative to annual requirements | Far, far less than required | Far, far less than required | Droughts and floods; wife died this year |
| No. of household members employed off-farm | 0 | 0 | |
| Other income-generating activities | Sale of chickens, grass and vegetables | 0 | Husband and brother maintaining family |
 
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