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Subject: TOL: Online discussion
Date: Fri, 12 May 2006 12:31:46 +0200
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  <TBODY>
  <TR>
    <TD class=3Dtext vAlign=3Dtop colSpan=3D3 height=3D71><A=20
      =
href=3D"http://www.tol.cz/look/TOL/home.tpl?IdLanguage=3D1&amp;IdPublicat=
ion=3D4&amp;NrIssue=3D166"=20
      target=3D_parent><IMG title=3D"Transitions Online" height=3D64=20
      alt=3D"Transitions Online" =
src=3D"http://www.tol.cz/look/TOL/img/logo2.gif"=20
      width=3D125 border=3D0></A></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD class=3Ddarkgraybackground colSpan=3D3 height=3D1><IMG =
height=3D1 alt=3D""=20
      src=3D"http://www.tol.cz/look/TOL/img/e.gif" width=3D11 =
border=3D0></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD height=3D24><IMG height=3D1 alt=3D""=20
      src=3D"http://www.tol.cz/look/TOL/img/e.gif" width=3D1 =
border=3D0></TD>
    <TD class=3Dt11b vAlign=3Dcenter><A class=3Dt11b=20
      =
href=3D"http://www.tol.cz/look/TOL/home.tpl?IdLanguage=3D1&amp;IdPublicat=
ion=3D4&amp;NrIssue=3D166"=20
      target=3D_parent>TOL home</A></TD>
    <TD><IMG height=3D1 alt=3D"" =
src=3D"http://www.tol.cz/look/TOL/img/e.gif"=20
      width=3D1 border=3D0></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD class=3Dredbackground width=3D11 height=3D18><IMG height=3D1 =
alt=3D""=20
      src=3D"http://www.tol.cz/look/TOL/img/e.gif" width=3D11 =
border=3D0></TD>
    <TD class=3Dt13wredbackground vAlign=3Dtop width=3D114 =
colSpan=3D2>regions</TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD colSpan=3D3 height=3D4><IMG height=3D1 alt=3D""=20
      src=3D"http://www.tol.cz/look/TOL/img/e.gif" width=3D1 =
border=3D0></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD height=3D26><IMG height=3D1 alt=3D""=20
      src=3D"http://www.tol.cz/look/TOL/img/e.gif" width=3D1 =
border=3D0></TD>
    <TD class=3Dt10b vAlign=3Dcenter width=3D113><A class=3Dt10b=20
      =
href=3D"http://www.tol.cz/look/TOL/section.tpl?IdLanguage=3D1&amp;IdPubli=
cation=3D4&amp;tpid=3D6"=20
      target=3D_parent>central europe &amp;<BR>baltics</A></TD>
    <TD width=3D1><IMG height=3D1 alt=3D""=20
      src=3D"http://www.tol.cz/look/TOL/img/e.gif" width=3D1 =
border=3D0></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD class=3Ddarkgraybackground colSpan=3D3 height=3D1><IMG =
height=3D1 alt=3D""=20
      src=3D"http://www.tol.cz/look/TOL/img/e.gif" width=3D1 =
border=3D0></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD height=3D26><IMG height=3D1 alt=3D""=20
      src=3D"http://www.tol.cz/look/TOL/img/e.gif" width=3D1 =
border=3D0></TD>
    <TD class=3Dt10b vAlign=3Dcenter><A class=3Dt10b=20
      =
href=3D"http://www.tol.cz/look/TOL/section.tpl?IdLanguage=3D1&amp;IdPubli=
cation=3D4&amp;tpid=3D7"=20
      target=3D_parent>eastern europe &amp;<BR>russia</A></TD>
    <TD><IMG height=3D1 alt=3D"" =
src=3D"http://www.tol.cz/look/TOL/img/e.gif"=20
      width=3D1 border=3D0></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD class=3Ddarkgraybackground colSpan=3D3 height=3D1><IMG =
height=3D1 alt=3D""=20
      src=3D"http://www.tol.cz/look/TOL/img/e.gif" width=3D1 =
border=3D0></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD height=3D26><IMG height=3D1 alt=3D""=20
      src=3D"http://www.tol.cz/look/TOL/img/e.gif" width=3D1 =
border=3D0></TD>
    <TD class=3Dt10b vAlign=3Dcenter><A class=3Dt10b=20
      =
href=3D"http://www.tol.cz/look/TOL/section.tpl?IdLanguage=3D1&amp;IdPubli=
cation=3D4&amp;tpid=3D8"=20
      target=3D_parent>southeastern<BR>europe</A></TD>
    <TD><IMG height=3D1 alt=3D"" =
src=3D"http://www.tol.cz/look/TOL/img/e.gif"=20
      width=3D1 border=3D0></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD class=3Ddarkgraybackground colSpan=3D3 height=3D1><IMG =
height=3D1 alt=3D""=20
      src=3D"http://www.tol.cz/look/TOL/img/e.gif" width=3D1 =
border=3D0></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD height=3D16><IMG height=3D1 alt=3D""=20
      src=3D"http://www.tol.cz/look/TOL/img/e.gif" width=3D1 =
border=3D0></TD>
    <TD class=3Dt10b vAlign=3Dcenter><A class=3Dt10b=20
      =
href=3D"http://www.tol.cz/look/TOL/section.tpl?IdLanguage=3D1&amp;IdPubli=
cation=3D4&amp;tpid=3D10"=20
      target=3D_parent>caucasus</A></TD>
    <TD><IMG height=3D1 alt=3D"" =
src=3D"http://www.tol.cz/look/TOL/img/e.gif"=20
      width=3D1 border=3D0></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD class=3Ddarkgraybackground colSpan=3D3 height=3D1><IMG =
height=3D1 alt=3D""=20
      src=3D"http://www.tol.cz/look/TOL/img/e.gif" width=3D1 =
border=3D0></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD height=3D26><IMG height=3D1 alt=3D""=20
      src=3D"http://www.tol.cz/look/TOL/img/e.gif" width=3D1 =
border=3D0></TD>
    <TD class=3Dt10b vAlign=3Dcenter><A class=3Dt10b=20
      =
href=3D"http://www.tol.cz/look/TOL/section.tpl?IdLanguage=3D1&amp;IdPubli=
cation=3D4&amp;tpid=3D11"=20
      target=3D_parent>central asia &amp;<BR>mongolia</A></TD>
    <TD><IMG height=3D1 alt=3D"" =
src=3D"http://www.tol.cz/look/TOL/img/e.gif"=20
      width=3D1 border=3D0></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD class=3Ddarkgraybackground colSpan=3D3 height=3D1><IMG =
height=3D1 alt=3D""=20
      src=3D"http://www.tol.cz/look/TOL/img/e.gif" width=3D1 =
border=3D0></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD colSpan=3D3 height=3D18><IMG height=3D1 alt=3D""=20
      src=3D"http://www.tol.cz/look/TOL/img/e.gif" width=3D1 =
border=3D0></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD class=3Dredbackground height=3D19><IMG height=3D1 alt=3D""=20
      src=3D"http://www.tol.cz/look/TOL/img/e.gif" width=3D1 =
border=3D0></TD>
    <TD class=3Dt13wredbackground vAlign=3Dtop =
colSpan=3D2>magazine</TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD colSpan=3D3 height=3D2><IMG height=3D1 alt=3D""=20
      src=3D"http://www.tol.cz/look/TOL/img/e.gif" width=3D1 =
border=3D0></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD height=3D16><IMG height=3D1 alt=3D""=20
      src=3D"http://www.tol.cz/look/TOL/img/e.gif" width=3D1 =
border=3D0></TD>
    <TD class=3Dt10b vAlign=3Dcenter><A class=3Dt10b=20
      =
href=3D"http://www.tol.cz/look/TOL/section.tpl?IdLanguage=3D1&amp;IdPubli=
cation=3D4&amp;NrIssue=3D166&amp;NrSection=3D1"=20
      target=3D_parent>week in review</A></TD>
    <TD><IMG height=3D1 alt=3D"" =
src=3D"http://www.tol.cz/look/TOL/img/e.gif"=20
      width=3D1 border=3D0></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD class=3Ddarkgraybackground colSpan=3D3 height=3D1><IMG =
height=3D1 alt=3D""=20
      src=3D"http://www.tol.cz/look/TOL/img/e.gif" width=3D1 =
border=3D0></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD height=3D16><IMG height=3D1 alt=3D""=20
      src=3D"http://www.tol.cz/look/TOL/img/e.gif" width=3D1 =
border=3D0></TD>
    <TD class=3Dt10b vAlign=3Dcenter><A class=3Dt10b=20
      =
href=3D"http://www.tol.cz/look/TOL/section.tpl?IdLanguage=3D1&amp;IdPubli=
cation=3D4&amp;NrIssue=3D166&amp;NrSection=3D2"=20
      target=3D_parent>commentary</A></TD>
    <TD><IMG height=3D1 alt=3D"" =
src=3D"http://www.tol.cz/look/TOL/img/e.gif"=20
      width=3D1 border=3D0></TD></TR><!--
		<tr>	<td height=3D"1" colspan=3D"3" class=3D"darkgraybackground"><img =
src=3D"../TOL/img/e.gif" width=3D"1" height=3D"1" border=3D"0" =
alt=3D""></td></tr>
		<tr>	<td height=3D"16"><img src=3D"../TOL/img/e.gif" width=3D"1" =
height=3D"1" border=3D"0" alt=3D""></td>
			<td valign=3D"middle" class=3D"t10b"><a =
href=3D"../TOL/section.tpl?IdLanguage=3D1&IdPublication=3D4&NrIssue=3D166=
&NrSection=3D3" class=3D"t10b" target=3D"_parent">features</a></td>
			<td><img src=3D"../TOL/img/e.gif" width=3D"1" height=3D"1" =
border=3D"0" alt=3D""></td></tr>
		<tr>	<td height=3D"1" colspan=3D"3" class=3D"darkgraybackground"><img =
src=3D"../TOL/img/e.gif" width=3D"1" height=3D"1" border=3D"0" =
alt=3D""></td></tr>
		<tr>	<td height=3D"16"><img src=3D"../TOL/img/e.gif" width=3D"1" =
height=3D"1" border=3D"0" alt=3D""></td>
			<td valign=3D"middle" class=3D"t10b"><a =
href=3D"../TOL/section.tpl?IdLanguage=3D1&IdPublication=3D4&NrIssue=3D166=
&NrSection=3D4" class=3D"t10b" target=3D"_parent">analyses</a></td>
			<td><img src=3D"../TOL/img/e.gif" width=3D"1" height=3D"1" =
border=3D"0" alt=3D""></td></tr>
//-->
  <TR>
    <TD class=3Ddarkgraybackground colSpan=3D3 height=3D1><IMG =
height=3D1 alt=3D""=20
      src=3D"http://www.tol.cz/look/TOL/img/e.gif" width=3D1 =
border=3D0></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD height=3D16><IMG height=3D1 alt=3D""=20
      src=3D"http://www.tol.cz/look/TOL/img/e.gif" width=3D1 =
border=3D0></TD>
    <TD class=3Dt10b vAlign=3Dcenter><A class=3Dt10b=20
      =
href=3D"http://www.tol.cz/look/TOL/section.tpl?IdLanguage=3D1&amp;IdPubli=
cation=3D4&amp;NrIssue=3D166&amp;tpid=3D48"=20
      target=3D_parent>books</A></TD>
    <TD><IMG height=3D1 alt=3D"" =
src=3D"http://www.tol.cz/look/TOL/img/e.gif"=20
      width=3D1 border=3D0></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD class=3Ddarkgraybackground colSpan=3D3 height=3D1><IMG =
height=3D1 alt=3D""=20
      src=3D"http://www.tol.cz/look/TOL/img/e.gif" width=3D1 =
border=3D0></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD height=3D16><IMG height=3D1 alt=3D""=20
      src=3D"http://www.tol.cz/look/TOL/img/e.gif" width=3D1 =
border=3D0></TD>
    <TD class=3Dt10b vAlign=3Dcenter><A class=3Dt10b=20
      =
href=3D"http://www.tol.cz/look/TOL/section.tpl?IdLanguage=3D1&amp;IdPubli=
cation=3D4&amp;NrIssue=3D166&amp;tpid=3D43"=20
      target=3D_parent>culture</A></TD>
    <TD><IMG height=3D1 alt=3D"" =
src=3D"http://www.tol.cz/look/TOL/img/e.gif"=20
      width=3D1 border=3D0></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD class=3Ddarkgraybackground colSpan=3D3 height=3D1><IMG =
height=3D1 alt=3D""=20
      src=3D"http://www.tol.cz/look/TOL/img/e.gif" width=3D1 =
border=3D0></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD height=3D16><IMG height=3D1 alt=3D""=20
      src=3D"http://www.tol.cz/look/TOL/img/e.gif" width=3D1 =
border=3D0></TD>
    <TD class=3Dt10b vAlign=3Dcenter><A class=3Dt10b=20
      =
href=3D"http://www.tol.cz/look/TOL/section.tpl?IdLanguage=3D1&amp;IdPubli=
cation=3D4&amp;NrIssue=3D166&amp;tpid=3D40"=20
      target=3D_parent>economy</A></TD>
    <TD><IMG height=3D1 alt=3D"" =
src=3D"http://www.tol.cz/look/TOL/img/e.gif"=20
      width=3D1 border=3D0></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD class=3Ddarkgraybackground colSpan=3D3 height=3D1><IMG =
height=3D1 alt=3D""=20
      src=3D"http://www.tol.cz/look/TOL/img/e.gif" width=3D1 =
border=3D0></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD height=3D16><IMG height=3D1 alt=3D""=20
      src=3D"http://www.tol.cz/look/TOL/img/e.gif" width=3D1 =
border=3D0></TD>
    <TD class=3Dt10b vAlign=3Dcenter><A class=3Dt10b=20
      =
href=3D"http://www.tol.cz/look/TOL/section.tpl?IdLanguage=3D1&amp;IdPubli=
cation=3D4&amp;NrIssue=3D166&amp;tpid=3D72"=20
      target=3D_parent>environment</A></TD>
    <TD><IMG height=3D1 alt=3D"" =
src=3D"http://www.tol.cz/look/TOL/img/e.gif"=20
      width=3D1 border=3D0></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD class=3Ddarkgraybackground colSpan=3D3 height=3D1><IMG =
height=3D1 alt=3D""=20
      src=3D"http://www.tol.cz/look/TOL/img/e.gif" width=3D1 =
border=3D0></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD height=3D16><IMG height=3D1 alt=3D""=20
      src=3D"http://www.tol.cz/look/TOL/img/e.gif" width=3D1 =
border=3D0></TD>
    <TD class=3Dt10b vAlign=3Dcenter><A class=3Dt10b=20
      =
href=3D"http://www.tol.cz/look/TOL/section.tpl?IdLanguage=3D1&amp;IdPubli=
cation=3D4&amp;NrIssue=3D166&amp;tpid=3D56"=20
      target=3D_parent>european union</A></TD>
    <TD><IMG height=3D1 alt=3D"" =
src=3D"http://www.tol.cz/look/TOL/img/e.gif"=20
      width=3D1 border=3D0></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD class=3Ddarkgraybackground colSpan=3D3 height=3D1><IMG =
height=3D1 alt=3D""=20
      src=3D"http://www.tol.cz/look/TOL/img/e.gif" width=3D1 =
border=3D0></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD height=3D26><IMG height=3D1 alt=3D""=20
      src=3D"http://www.tol.cz/look/TOL/img/e.gif" width=3D1 =
border=3D0></TD>
    <TD class=3Dt10b vAlign=3Dcenter><A class=3Dt10b=20
      =
href=3D"http://www.tol.cz/look/TOL/section.tpl?IdLanguage=3D1&amp;IdPubli=
cation=3D4&amp;NrIssue=3D166&amp;tpid=3D44"=20
      target=3D_parent>international relations</A></TD>
    <TD><IMG height=3D1 alt=3D"" =
src=3D"http://www.tol.cz/look/TOL/img/e.gif"=20
      width=3D1 border=3D0></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD class=3Ddarkgraybackground colSpan=3D3 height=3D1><IMG =
height=3D1 alt=3D""=20
      src=3D"http://www.tol.cz/look/TOL/img/e.gif" width=3D1 =
border=3D0></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD height=3D16><IMG height=3D1 alt=3D""=20
      src=3D"http://www.tol.cz/look/TOL/img/e.gif" width=3D1 =
border=3D0></TD>
    <TD class=3Dt10b vAlign=3Dcenter><A class=3Dt10b=20
      =
href=3D"http://www.tol.cz/look/TOL/section.tpl?IdLanguage=3D1&amp;IdPubli=
cation=3D4&amp;NrIssue=3D166&amp;tpid=3D247"=20
      target=3D_parent>minorities</A></TD>
    <TD><IMG height=3D1 alt=3D"" =
src=3D"http://www.tol.cz/look/TOL/img/e.gif"=20
      width=3D1 border=3D0></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD class=3Ddarkgraybackground colSpan=3D3 height=3D1><IMG =
height=3D1 alt=3D""=20
      src=3D"http://www.tol.cz/look/TOL/img/e.gif" width=3D1 =
border=3D0></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD height=3D16><IMG height=3D1 alt=3D""=20
      src=3D"http://www.tol.cz/look/TOL/img/e.gif" width=3D1 =
border=3D0></TD>
    <TD class=3Dt10b vAlign=3Dcenter><A class=3Dt10b=20
      =
href=3D"http://www.tol.cz/look/TOL/section.tpl?IdLanguage=3D1&amp;IdPubli=
cation=3D4&amp;NrIssue=3D166&amp;tpid=3D248"=20
      target=3D_parent>people</A></TD>
    <TD><IMG height=3D1 alt=3D"" =
src=3D"http://www.tol.cz/look/TOL/img/e.gif"=20
      width=3D1 border=3D0></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD class=3Ddarkgraybackground colSpan=3D3 height=3D1><IMG =
height=3D1 alt=3D""=20
      src=3D"http://www.tol.cz/look/TOL/img/e.gif" width=3D1 =
border=3D0></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD height=3D16><IMG height=3D1 alt=3D""=20
      src=3D"http://www.tol.cz/look/TOL/img/e.gif" width=3D1 =
border=3D0></TD>
    <TD class=3Dt10b vAlign=3Dcenter><A class=3Dt10b=20
      =
href=3D"http://www.tol.cz/look/TOL/section.tpl?IdLanguage=3D1&amp;IdPubli=
cation=3D4&amp;NrIssue=3D166&amp;tpid=3D39"=20
      target=3D_parent>politics</A></TD>
    <TD><IMG height=3D1 alt=3D"" =
src=3D"http://www.tol.cz/look/TOL/img/e.gif"=20
      width=3D1 border=3D0></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD class=3Ddarkgraybackground colSpan=3D3 height=3D1><IMG =
height=3D1 alt=3D""=20
      src=3D"http://www.tol.cz/look/TOL/img/e.gif" width=3D1 =
border=3D0></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD height=3D16><IMG height=3D1 alt=3D""=20
      src=3D"http://www.tol.cz/look/TOL/img/e.gif" width=3D1 =
border=3D0></TD>
    <TD class=3Dt10b vAlign=3Dcenter><A class=3Dt10b=20
      =
href=3D"http://www.tol.cz/look/TOL/section.tpl?IdLanguage=3D1&amp;IdPubli=
cation=3D4&amp;NrIssue=3D166&amp;tpid=3D249"=20
      target=3D_parent>security</A></TD>
    <TD><IMG height=3D1 alt=3D"" =
src=3D"http://www.tol.cz/look/TOL/img/e.gif"=20
      width=3D1 border=3D0></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD class=3Ddarkgraybackground colSpan=3D3 height=3D1><IMG =
height=3D1 alt=3D""=20
      src=3D"http://www.tol.cz/look/TOL/img/e.gif" width=3D1 =
border=3D0></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD height=3D16><IMG height=3D1 alt=3D""=20
      src=3D"http://www.tol.cz/look/TOL/img/e.gif" width=3D1 =
border=3D0></TD>
    <TD class=3Dt10b vAlign=3Dcenter><A class=3Dt10b=20
      =
href=3D"http://www.tol.cz/look/TOL/section.tpl?IdLanguage=3D1&amp;IdPubli=
cation=3D4&amp;NrIssue=3D166&amp;tpid=3D41"=20
      target=3D_parent>social issues</A></TD>
    <TD><IMG height=3D1 alt=3D"" =
src=3D"http://www.tol.cz/look/TOL/img/e.gif"=20
      width=3D1 border=3D0></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD class=3Ddarkgraybackground colSpan=3D3 height=3D1><IMG =
height=3D1 alt=3D""=20
      src=3D"http://www.tol.cz/look/TOL/img/e.gif" width=3D1 =
border=3D0></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD height=3D16><IMG height=3D1 alt=3D""=20
      src=3D"http://www.tol.cz/look/TOL/img/e.gif" width=3D1 =
border=3D0></TD>
    <TD class=3Dt10b vAlign=3Dcenter><A class=3Dt10b=20
      =
href=3D"http://www.tol.cz/look/TOL/section.tpl?IdLanguage=3D1&amp;IdPubli=
cation=3D4&amp;NrIssue=3D166&amp;tpid=3D250"=20
      target=3D_parent>local press</A></TD>
    <TD><IMG height=3D1 alt=3D"" =
src=3D"http://www.tol.cz/look/TOL/img/e.gif"=20
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=EF=BB=BF<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.0 Transitional//EN">
<HTML><HEAD><TITLE>TOL: Online discussion</TITLE>
<META http-equiv=3DContent-Type content=3D"text/html; =
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<TABLE cellSpacing=3D0 cellPadding=3D3 width=3D"100%" border=3D0>
  <TBODY>
  <TR>
    <TD class=3Dtitlebig align=3Dmiddle><B>Access to Education for Rural =

    People</B></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD class=3Dtitle align=3Dmiddle>With <B>Lavinia =
Gasperini</B></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD class=3Dtitle align=3Dmiddle>Moderator: <B>Barbara =
Frye</B></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD class=3Dtextwhite align=3Dmiddle>Tuesday, May 9, 2006; 04:00 pm=20
    CET<BR><BR></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD class=3Dtext>Gender discrimination, unemployment, poverty, the=20
      exploitation of children, and environmental degradation are only a =
few of=20
      the problems that can be linked to a lack of access to education =
among=20
      rural people. In fact, achieving universal primary education is =
the second=20
      of the UN's Millennium Development Goals. Solve this problem and =
you solve=20
      a good many others as well. But how? Lavinia Gasperini, a senior =
officer=20
      and Education for Rural People Partnership Coordinator in the =
Sustainable=20
      Development Department of the UN's Food and Agriculture =
Organization, will=20
      join TOL for a live discussion on Tuesday, May 9, at 4 p.m. CET. =
Among=20
      other things, the Education for Rural People Partnership provides=20
      technical support to governments willing to tackle this problem =
and helps=20
      educators and policy makers determine what kind of education and =
training=20
      are best suited to their rural areas.</TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD class=3Dtextwhite>
      <HR>
      <FONT class=3Dtextwhite>The transcript follows.<BR><BR>Editor's =
Note:=20
      Transitions Online moderators retain editorial control over Live =
Internet=20
      discussions and choose the most relevant questions for guests and =
hosts;=20
      guests and hosts can decline to answer questions.</FONT>
      <HR>
    </TD></TR></TBODY></TABLE>
<TABLE cellPadding=3D3 width=3D"100%">
  <TBODY>
  <TR>
    <TD class=3Dtext><B>Prague, Czech Republic:</B> Welcome, Lavinia, =
and thank=20
      you for taking the time today. Please tell us what, exactly, the =
Education=20
      for Rural People Partnership does.</TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD class=3Dtextwhite><B>Lavinia Gasperini:</B> The Education for =
Rural=20
      People (ERP)Partnership promotes policies, networking, advocacy =
and=20
      programms to overcoming the urban/ rural gap in education as a =
crucial=20
      step to achieve the Millennium Development goals. The partnership =
also=20
      provides technical support to countries willing to address the =
basic=20
      educational needs of the rural people by formulating specific =
strategies=20
      as part of National Education for all and Rural Development plans. =

      http://www.fao.org/sd/erp/<BR><BR></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD class=3Dtext><B>Prague, Czech Republic:</B> TOL has run stories =
about=20
      the problems rural people have in getting access to education in =
Kosovo=20
      and Kyrgyzstan. Can you give us some idea of how big this problem =
is=20
      across Europe or Central Asia?</TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD class=3Dtextwhite><B>Lavinia Gasperini:</B> According to a study =

      prepared by the Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Rural =
Development=20
      and the Ministry of Education of Kosovo, almost all rural children =
start=20
      primary school grade 1 (except Roma, Hashkali) but 25% drop-out =
before the=20
      end of primary (grade 8/9) drop out is higher among girls and in =
remote=20
      areas where only satellite schools exist. - 50% of rural children =
attend=20
      secondary school (grade 9/10 upwards) compared to 70-80% in urban =
areas.=20
      Out of School education for rural youth and Life Long Learning=20
      opportunities for adults, including employment related training =
and income=20
      generating activities, is very limited. Only 4% of adults have=20
      participated in some kind of non-formal education and training. =
Within the=20
      villages as a whole, of the adult population 25% have secondary =
education,=20
      40% primary education and 35% have no education or less than grade =
8 (=20
      higher among women). These data show how different are the =
quantitative=20
      standards with Western Europe. As per the quality of education, =
the same=20
      study indicates that rural areas are characterized by - depressed =
state of=20
      school buildings and infrastructure (basic services such as clean =
water=20
      and sanitation - chronic shortage of teaching materials, =
textbooks,=20
      facilities and equipment -lack of school space leading to =
multi-shift=20
      system many children are without basic learning tools =E2=80=93 =
paper and pens=20
      poor management and organization within schools - low morale and=20
      motivation of teachers - school-community links are weak, little=20
      involvement of the local community in school affairs - lack of up =
to date=20
      reliable information on education no standardized assessment =
within=20
      schools - teaching methods outdated - limited support and guidance =
(via=20
      inspectors, in-service training) for teachers. Although there are =
not yet=20
      detailed studies for the situation of ERP in other countries in =
the region=20
      beyond Kosovo and Croatia, there is general understanding of the=20
      centrality of this problem to achieve the Millennium Goals. =
<BR><BR></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD class=3Dtext><B>Tirana, :</B> Why is education so difficult to =
provide=20
      in so many rural areas? It wasn=E2=80=99t always this way, was =
it?</TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD class=3Dtextwhite><B>Lavinia Gasperini:</B> There are many =
constraints=20
      such as physical constraints: lack of availability of schools in =
rural=20
      areas (this is the school network) and boarding schools, distance =
of=20
      schools, lack of alternative delivery systems including distance =
learning=20
      (and especially rural radio, and where appropriate, TV and ICTs; =
there are=20
      economic constraints such as poverty and hunger, that can be =
addressed by=20
      promoting school feeding programs or by addressing education =
direct costs,=20
      by providing books, pencils, uniforms, and avoiding fees. There is =
also a=20
      need of Focusing not only on formal primary education but also on =
non-=20
      formal education (e.g. adult literacy, extension and skill =
training;) to=20
      address young people out of school.Finally there are socio- =
cultural=20
      constraints such as girls discrimination and the predominance of =
one=20
      official language over local language as language of instruction=20
    <BR><BR></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD class=3Dtext><B>Washington, :</B> Problems of access to =
education for=20
      rural people underlie a lot of other societal problems, like =
gender=20
      inequality and lack of economic development. Are there programs =
that have=20
      increased access and then where you have seen some improvement in =
the=20
      status of women or the local people=E2=80=99s =
livelihoods?</TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD class=3Dtextwhite><B>Lavinia Gasperini:</B> There are several=20
      successfull stories in the contribution of education to womens =
status and=20
      economic development. Countries such as Cuba or China have =
invested a lot=20
      in education in rural areas as a path towards enhancing women =
status and=20
      rural people livelihoods. Colombia has a very interesting =
experience known=20
      as "Escuela Nueva"( The new school"). We documented many more =
through the=20
      ERP regional meetings, and in a study entitled "Education for =
Rural=20
      Development: towards new policy responses" co-published with =
UNESCO in=20
      2003 ( available in=20
      http://www.fao.org/sd/erp/ERPglobalstudy_en.htm)<BR><BR></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD class=3Dtext><B>London, :</B> What type of technical support do=20
      countries need? And sometimes there is access to education, but it =
is not=20
      of high quality. What kind of change most often needs to be =
made?</TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD class=3Dtextwhite><B>Lavinia Gasperini:</B> Countries need =
support in=20
      planning and implementing strategies targeting the specifice needs =
of=20
      rural people. An example is the technical support provided by FAO =
to=20
      Kossovo and South Africa in preparing national ERP strategies. As =
you say,=20
      beyond support to increase access, they need technical assistance =
to=20
      increase quality and relevance of education to the reality of =
rural=20
      communities. School programmes are often urban biased and far away =
from=20
      rural people needs and demand. A "tool kit" for teachers, trainers =
and=20
      students in rural areas is being produced to assist those willing =
to=20
      enhance the quality of education with out every time re-inventing =
the=20
      wheel. THis tool kit, is available in=20
      http://www.fao.org/sd/erp/ERPtktoolkit_en.htm . We hope to enrich =
it=20
      permanently through the contribution of members and =
readers<BR><BR></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD class=3Dtext><B>Prague, Czech Republic:</B> I want to follow up =
on the=20
      success stories question. Are there any in Europe?</TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD class=3Dtextwhite><B>Lavinia Gasperini:</B> Most of West Europe =
invested=20
      a lot in education in rural areas in the last century as the basis =
for the=20
      manufacturing. This is true not only for Europe (the same applies =
to=20
      former URSS): The economic revolution in Asia is also very much =
linked to=20
      big investments in education all over the nation: urban and=20
    rural.<BR><BR></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD class=3Dtext><B>Riga, :</B> Do you find that you need to change =
people=E2=80=99s=20
      attitudes in rural areas?</TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD class=3Dtextwhite><B>Lavinia Gasperini:</B> Rural people often =
introgect=20
      a stigma of discrimination and consider them selves second class =
citizen=20
      because also the predominant culture value more urban than rural =
society.=20
      Developing self confidence and awarness of the value of rural =
people=20
      cultural heritage and traditions is very =
important<BR><BR></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD class=3Dtext><B>Split, :</B> It is hard to get teachers =
seometimes in=20
      rural areas. What countries are doin g a good job in this =
regard?</TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD class=3Dtextwhite><B>Lavinia Gasperini:</B> Countries who give =
them=20
      moral and material incentives: again the example of Cuba where the =
rural=20
      teacher has a very high status and special carrer incentive; =
Colombia who=20
      is running a rural education programme targeting specifically =
rural=20
      teacher training <BR><BR></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD class=3Dtext><B>Dushanbe, Tajikistan:</B> What do you think =
about=20
      limiting rural peoples' education the level needed for their =
likely role=20
      in the economy. For example, what good is philosophy for a =
farmer?</TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD class=3Dtextwhite><B>Lavinia Gasperini:</B> Rural people have =
the same=20
      rights to education as urban. They need not limitation but extra=20
      investment to compensate the discrimination they suffered and to =
address=20
      the difficolt conditions one has to face to provide education in =
rural=20
      areas. Their education, while it needs to be relevant to their =
lives,=20
      needs not to be only functional ( this meens providing them only =
tools to=20
      improve their income). It nees to allow them to be citizens =
capable to=20
      fully develop their potential and their contribution to their =
comunity and=20
      country development. Cabral (Cape Vert), Marti (Cuba), Ghandi, =
Paulo=20
      Freire, and many more who are now remembered not only as political =
leaders=20
      but also as philosoper, worked a lot with rural people education. =
What=20
      else is philosophy than being able to face constructively the =
problems of=20
      ones'time takin into account collective benefit ? =
<BR><BR></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD class=3Dtext><B>Prague, Czech Republic:</B> That's all we have =
time for=20
      today. Again, I want to thank Lavinia Gasperini for chatting with =
us=20
      today, and thank you to those who sent in questions. </TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD class=3Dtextwhite><B>Lavinia Gasperini:</B> Thank=20
  you<BR><BR></TD></TR></TBODY></TABLE></BODY></HTML>

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<HTML><HEAD><TITLE>TOL: Online discussion</TITLE>
<META http-equiv=3DContent-Type content=3D"text/html; =
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href=3D"http://www.tol.cz/q-a/q-a.css" type=3Dtext/css rel=3Dstylesheet>
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<TABLE height=3D"100%" cellSpacing=3D0 cellPadding=3D0 width=3D150 =
border=3D0>
  <TBODY>
  <TR>
    <TD class=3Dtext vAlign=3Dtop>
      <TABLE cellSpacing=3D0 cellPadding=3D2 width=3D146 align=3Dcenter =
border=3D0>
        <TBODY>
        <TR>
          <TD><B>Current Discussion</B></TD></TR>
        <TR>
          <TD class=3Dtext><A =
href=3D"http://www.tol.cz/q-a/index.php?IdD=3D22"=20
            target=3D_parent>Access to Education for Rural People</A>
            <DIV class=3Dtext>With Lavinia =
Gasperini&nbsp;</DIV></TD></TR>
        <TR>
          <TD><BR><B>Past Discussions</B></TD></TR>
        <TR>
          <TD class=3Dtext><A =
href=3D"http://www.tol.cz/q-a/index.php?IdD=3D21"=20
            target=3D_parent>Romani Integration in Education</A>
            <DIV class=3Dtext>With Robert Rustem&amp;Sabina=20
        Mustafa&nbsp;</DIV></TD></TR>
        <TR>
          <TD class=3Dtext><A =
href=3D"http://www.tol.cz/q-a/index.php?IdD=3D20"=20
            target=3D_parent>Ukraine's Presidential Contest</A>
            <DIV class=3Dtext>With Oleg =
Varfolomeyev&nbsp;</DIV></TD></TR>
        <TR>
          <TD class=3Dtext><A =
href=3D"http://www.tol.cz/q-a/index.php?IdD=3D19"=20
            target=3D_parent>Belarus: After the Referendum</A>
            <DIV class=3Dtext>With Alex Znatkevich&nbsp;</DIV></TD></TR>
        <TR>
          <TD class=3Dtext><A =
href=3D"http://www.tol.cz/q-a/index.php?IdD=3D18"=20
            target=3D_parent>Chechnya: Ten Years of Despair</A>
            <DIV class=3Dtext>With Nabi Abdullaev&nbsp;</DIV></TD></TR>
        <TR>
          <TD class=3Dtext><A =
href=3D"http://www.tol.cz/q-a/index.php?IdD=3D17"=20
            target=3D_parent>Roma in the New EU</A>
            <DIV class=3Dtext>With Dimitrina =
Petrova&nbsp;</DIV></TD></TR>
        <TR>
          <TD class=3Dtext><A =
href=3D"http://www.tol.cz/q-a/index.php?IdD=3D16"=20
            target=3D_parent>The state of democracy in Armenia</A>
            <DIV class=3Dtext>With Emil Danielyan&nbsp;</DIV></TD></TR>
        <TR>
          <TD class=3Dtext><A =
href=3D"http://www.tol.cz/q-a/index.php?IdD=3D15"=20
            target=3D_parent>NATO Summit in Turkey</A>
            <DIV class=3Dtext>With Ronald Asmus&nbsp;</DIV></TD></TR>
        <TR>
          <TD class=3Dtext><A =
href=3D"http://www.tol.cz/q-a/index.php?IdD=3D14"=20
            target=3D_parent>Nations in Transit</A>
            <DIV class=3Dtext>With Amanda =
Schnetzer&nbsp;</DIV></TD></TR>
        <TR>
          <TD class=3Dtext><A =
href=3D"http://www.tol.cz/q-a/index.php?IdD=3D12"=20
            target=3D_parent>Roma in the New Europe</A>
            <DIV class=3Dtext>With Nicolae =
Gheorghe&nbsp;</DIV></TD></TR>
        <TR>
          <TD class=3Dtext><A =
href=3D"http://www.tol.cz/q-a/index.php?IdD=3D11"=20
            target=3D_parent>The EU Referendums</A>
            <DIV class=3Dtext>With Karel Bartak&nbsp;</DIV></TD></TR>
        <TR>
          <TD class=3Dtext><A =
href=3D"http://www.tol.cz/q-a/index.php?IdD=3D9"=20
            target=3D_parent>Armenian Presidential Elections</A>
            <DIV class=3Dtext>With Mark Grigorian&nbsp;</DIV></TD></TR>
        <TR>
          <TD class=3Dtext><A =
href=3D"http://www.tol.cz/q-a/index.php?IdD=3D8"=20
            target=3D_parent>Vaclav Havel's Legacy</A>
            <DIV class=3Dtext>With Jiri=20
  =
Pehe&nbsp;</DIV></TD></TR></TBODY></TABLE></TD></TR></TBODY></TABLE></BOD=
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