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National Programmes differ in their implementation. Each belongs to one of the following 4 models: - SPFS approach upscaled to national level
- comprehensive National Programme
- stand-alone components within a cross-sectoral framework; and
- SPFS approach integrated into national agricultural or rural development programme
Components of National Programmes vary from country to country, but all are based on the Rome based UN Agency's twin-track approach. Projects may include combinations of both tracks: - track one: improving livelihoods of the poor, especially small-scale farmers; and
- track two; improving access to food for vulnerable people
Track one | Track two | Sustainable smallholder development (better management of water, soil fertility, pests, small livestock) | Mother and infant feeding (including nutrient supplements) | Urban/peri-urban agriculture and forestry | School feeding | School gardens (linked to school feeding) | Unemployment and pension benefits and conditional cash transfers | Land reform | Food-for-work | Market linkage development | Food-for-training | Food safety and quality | Soup kitchens and factory canteens | Rural infrastructure | Food banks | Research and extension (especially training-of-trainers for participative learning processes) | Emergency rations | Natural resources management (including biodiversity) | | Skills training and adult literacy (linked to safety nets) | |
The Importance of Assets
Reducing poverty and hunger is essentially a matter of creating assets. Having assets gives people options for earning a living or for coping when things go wrong. Assets include: - personal health, skills and knowledge;
- land, water, forests, natural vegetation, wild animals, gemstones and minerals;
- buildings, farm animals, tools and equipment, vehicles, supplies and inventories;
- savings and access to credit; and
- schools, health clinics, community organizations and markets
Introducing simple, low-cost technologies and showing rural people how to use them has been a hallmark of the SPFS. Today with NPFS, governments are carrying forward this work on a much larger scale. They are also investing in complementary assets like roads, communication infrastructure and social services, while private sector partners work to open up markets and help make credit more available to the poor.
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Pakistan has committed US$130 million to extend the Sargodha Productivity Enhancement Model developed during the SPFS pilot phase, to over 1 000 villages by 2011.
Guatemala acknowledged the Right to Food with a new Food Security Law, developed with SPFS support and enacted in 2005. The Government has now put in place institutions to implement the law; the Ministry of Agriculture has selected 6 good practices to replicate on a nationwide scale. Urban food banks are supported by the private sector.
The NPFS in Malawi was initially conceived as a comprehensive 10 year programme, but based on donor response, it was reformulated with an action plan and budget for each programme component.
South Africa has expanded its SPFS into a national Household Food Production Programme and integrated it into its Comprehensive Agriculture Sector Programme. The annual budget is US$14.5 million, to target 62 000 households in 2006-07.
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