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Мобилизация ресурсов
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Трансграничные угрозы для производства, здоровья и окружающей среды (IFA-EMPRES)Sick animals do not show their visas at national borders, nor do plant pests or food-borne pathogens. When it comes to dealing with these transboundary threats to agricultural production, to health or to the environment, no country can stand alone. Prevention and control of these pests and diseases requires neighbouring countries and regions to work together – to undertake joint activities and establish complementary policies. Prevention has proven to be more cost effective and, above all, it protects livelihoods.
Throughout its history, FAO has taken advantage of its broad reach to connect governments, researchers and international institutions involved in preventing, detecting and, when necessary, containing transboundary diseases. FAO provides guidance needed to build infrastructure that enables collaboration in gathering and sharing information and establishing cost-effective surveillance and control activities. Investment in prevention and control is a fraction of the cost of responding to a fully developed crisis. If you wish to become a partner in a specific activity, or are simply looking for more information, please see the section below for some of the key programmes which fall under this IFA, and where further resources are required for follow-up actions. Rinderpest is a lethal cattle disease which in past centuries killed millions of livestock and spread deadly famines among humans. But now, with the last outbreak dating back to 2001, it has been successfully eliminated thanks to a concerted international effort spearheaded by FAO. A formal announcement of its eradication was due in 2011.
It is only the second time in history after smallpox that humans have succeeded in wiping out a disease, and the first time it has been done with an animal disease in the wild. more...What FAO has done: Launched in 1994, FAO’s Global Rinderpest Eradication Programme FAO marked an international effort to control Rinderpest in a systematic and comprehensive way. It followed on a decades-long programme of scientific research, field surveillance and vaccination of animals in the field. FAO worked closely in partnership with key international organizations including the World Organisation for Animal Health (OIE) and the African Union’s Inter-African Bureau for Animal Resources (AU-IBAR). FAO provided the coordinating Secretariat and channeled significant technical assistance to countries to cope with outbreaks and then put in place the systems and measures needed to stay Rinderpest-free.
Through a joint programme with the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA), FAO developed and transferred new diagnostic technology, and together with OIE established performance indicators to assess the programme’s progress.
FAO estimates that additional production due to Rinderpest eradication in India alone from 1965 to 1998 amounted to US$289 billion. The benefits in Africa have been estimated at around US$1 billion per year over the same period.
What Next? EMPRES Animal Health needs voluntary contributions for the following key activities:
· support for regional animal health centres and FAO-Emergency Centre for Transboundary Animal Disease (ECTAD);
· enhancement of disease early warning and detection systems;
· strengthening of capacity for surveillance and response;
· identification and assessment of disease drivers in food animal production and natural resource management
· strengthening of the capacity of public veterinary services in preparation, prevention and response to animal disease occurrence;
· assessment of the social and economic impact of diseases;
· associating private sector stakeholders with public sector action in livestock and wildlife health. Starting in 2004, the H5N1 avian influenza killed 292 humans, killed or forced the culling of more than 260 million birds, caused an estimated USD 20 billion of economic damage across the globe and devastated livelihoods at the family-farm level.
Concerted international action led by FAO has eliminated the deadly H5N1 epidemic from poultry in almost all of the 63 countries it infected at the peak of a world outbreak in 2006. This represents a very considerable success but FAO is not about to rest on its laurels for Bird Flu still persists in Egypt, Indonesia, Bangladesh, Vietnam and China and thus represents a continuing hazard to global animal and human health. The progressive control of the disease in the five nations where it remains entrenched must therefore be regarded as a top priority for FAO and the international community. more...What FAO has done: In response, FAO mounted its Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza Global Programme, which was implemented through 170 projects in more than 130 countries, and raised more than US$350 million to finance it. The Organization helped national veterinary services to develop preparedness and contingency plans, improve surveillance systems, acquire laboratory resources and diagnostic capacity, and develop effective response capabilities.
The programme limited the impact of the disease, and established stronger national systems and regional coordination for disease preparedness, prevention and control.
What Next? EMPRES Animal Health needs voluntary contributions for the following key activities:
· support for regional animal health centres and FAO-Emergency Centre for Transboundary Animal Disease (ECTAD);
· enhancement of disease early warning and detection systems;
· strengthening of capacity for surveillance and response;
· identification and assessment of disease drivers in food animal production and natural resource management;
· strengthening of the capacity of public veterinary services in preparation, prevention and response to animal disease occurrence;
· assessment of the social and economic impact of diseases;
· associating private sector stakeholders with public sector action in livestock and wildlife health. Desert Locust plagues threaten the livelihoods of more than half a billion people in some 60 countries. Swarms of up to hundreds of square kilometers large can consume hundreds of tonnes of food a day and do catastrophic damage to crops and vegetation across whole regions.
Responding quickly to the buildup of locust populations is crucial because it is much easier to eliminate them early on, before they have a chance to swarm and take to the air, where they are capable of flying up to 100 kilometers a day. more...What FAO has done: FAO’s EMPRES Desert Locust Programme has been working to strengthen the preventive Desert Locust management capacity of 18 locust-affected countries in Africa and the Near East. Results have been excellent, with the response time to the onset of locust emergencies cut by 60 percent -- translating into more effective prevention at much reduced cost.
In 2007-2009 countries in the Red Sea region which had spent US $20 million in locust crisis preparedness successfully prevented a Desert Locust plague. Countries in North and Northwest Africa which had made no such investment when an upsurge started in 2003 ended up spending around US$400 million to bring the locusts under control in 2005.
FAO has also been promoting the use more environmentally sustainable biopesticides to replace harmful chemical agents in controlling locust populations.
The Desert Locust Programme is reinforced by FAO’s Desert Locust Information Service, which monitors locust and environmental conditions on a daily basis and provides forecasts, alerts and early warning to member countries.
What Next? EMPRES Plant Health leads international and national efforts in country preparedness and management of transboundary plant diseases critical to food security. At the national level, EMPRES encourages coordination of plant pest preparedness and field management activities. Governments can save billions of dollars by stepping up prevention and control of food safety incidents, some of which pose a direct threat to human health. Many FAO members have asked for technical assistance to develop national food safety emergency response plans. FAO and WHO are working together to help them. more...What FAO has done: First, the two agencies convened an expert meeting that developed and in 2010 published the FAO/WHO framework for developing national food safety emergency response plans. A workshop for Southeast Asia followed, training food safety authorities from 13 countries. FAO is helping several countries develop and implement food safety plans. FAO and WHO also manage the International Food Safety Authorities Network (INFOSAN), which provides early warning of food safety threats.
What Next? EMPRES Food Safety needs voluntary contributions for the following key activities:
· developing systems for emerging food safety issues (include in kind contributions and capacity development to generate food safety surveillance data and early warning in developing countries);
· strengthening INFOSAN, including its information technology platform, to provide early warning of international food safety threats. |
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