Ruditapes decussatus |
Grooved carpet shell harvesting |
DISEASE | AGENT | TYPE | SYNDROME | MEASURES |
Perkinsosis; Clam Perkinsus disease | Perkinsus olseni; P. atlanticus | Protistan parasite | Visible milky white cysts or nodules on the gills, foot, gut, digestive gland, kidney, gonad & mantle of heavily infected clams; may induce massive mortality | Clams from areas with records of the disease should not be transplanted; reduce density |
Icosahedrical virus-like disease of carpet shell clams | Icosahedrical-virus-like organism | Virus | Impact on host not specifically described but mortality can be significant | None known |
Herpes-like virus infection | Herpes-like virus | Virus | Impact on host not specifically described but mortality can be significant | None known |
Brown ring disease | Vibrio tapetis | Bacterium | Bacteria adhere to surface of periostracal lamina at mantle edge of shell & progressively colonize the resulting secretion causing brown deposit of organic material (conchiolin) adhering to inner surface of shell; normal calcification process disturbed; growth stunted | Clams from areas with records of the disease should not be transplanted; reduce density |
Larval mycosis | Sirolpidium zoophthorum | Fungus | Affects early veliger to post-metamorphic juveniles up to 400 µm diameter; spreads throughout soft-tissues causing disintegration; sporangia produce tubes that protrude outside shell & release motile zoospores; in heavily infected cultures >90 % of larvae can be killed within two days | None known |
Haplosporidiosis | Haplosporidium tapetis | Protozoan parasite | Pathogenicity of plasmodial stage minimal in clams but sporulation stage in connective tissue causes important lesions in digestive gland & gills; no mortalities attributed but effect on clams in different environments unknown (related species are highly pathogenic to oysters on east coast of the USA | Clams from areas with records of the disease should not be transplanted; reduce density |
Red worm disease | Mytilicola intestinalis | Copepod | Negligible or minimal in most cases; may alter morphology of epithelial lining of gut; when present in numbers produces pea-size swelling of rectum; may cause loss of condition | None known |
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