Indigenous peoples have an intimate connection with their traditional lands, territories and resources, which shape their lives, cultures and spirituality. Their livelihoods are closely based on the sustainable management of their natural resources, while their traditional practices have resulted in biodiversity conservation in the territories they inhabit. Indigenous peoples tenure rights are understood within their collective rights. Their customary rights often refer to the management of communal areas and resources. The lack of recognition by states and the private sector over their traditional lands, territories and resources is a source of conflict and places them in a situation of vulnerability. The Voluntary Guidelines recommend that governments recognize and protect indigenous peoples’ rights.