notes.htm

Cyprus: as a result of the present situation in Cyprus, data refer to the government controlled area only, except for total area where data refer to all Cyprus

Czech Republic, Slovakia: starting in 1993, these independent republics, formerly Czechoslovakia, are shown separately

Eritrea, Ethiopia: starting in 1993, Eritrea and Ethiopia, formerly Ethiopia PDR, are shown separately.

Independent republics of the USSR: starting in 1992, the independent republics Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan and Uzbekistan are shown separately in Asia, while Belarus, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Moldova, the Russian Federation and Ukraine are shown separately in Europe. Data before 1992 are shown under USSR.

Independent republics of Yugoslavia SFR: starting in 1992, the independent republics Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, the former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, Serbia and Montenegro and Slovenia are shown separately. Data for the years prior to 1992 are shown under Yugoslavia SFR.

India and Pakistan: data relating to KashmirJammu, whose final status has not yet been determined, are generally included under India and excluded from figures for Pakistan. Data for Sikkim are included under India.

Pacific Islands: starting from 1995 the Republic of the Marshall Islands, the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands, the Federated States of Micronesia and the Republic of Palau are shown separately. Data for the years prior to 1995 are shown under Pacific Islands.

Saint Helena: data for Saint Helena include those for Ascension and Tristan da Cunha.

The compilation of this database has been made possible by the cooperation of participating governments, to which FAO is grateful for the information they have supplied through the FAO fertilizer questionnaire. FAO is also grateful to the members of the Ad Hoc Working Party on Fertilizer Statistics for their help in the improvement of geographical coverage of the data.

On the basis of newly available information, revisions have been made to enhance the quality and reliability of the data.

Data refer to the fertilizer year 1 July - 3O June. For countries that report their fertilizer statistics on a calendar-year basis, data are shown under the fertilizer year that begins in that calendar year; for example, 1991 data are under 1991/92.

All figures are given in Metric Tons (MT) of plant nutrients (N, P₂O₅ and K₂O) except for production and trade of rock phosphate, where figures refer to metric tons of product.

Production based on imported ammonia, phosphoric acid or rock phosphate is considered national production, while that based on imported finished fertilizers (ammonium phosphate, potassium chloride, etc.) is excluded from national production to avoid double counting at the World level.

These are fertilizers containing more than one of the primary plant nutrients produced by a process of chemical reaction.

Differences between exports and imports are mainly due to: (i) the time lag between the date when the exports are recorded and the date of their entry into the importing countries; (ii) the time reference period some exporting countries report for the calendar year while the corresponding importing countries report for the fertilizer year, and vice versa; (iii) the different statistical systems used in reporting intermediate material.

To maintain consistency with the data of previous years, continental and World totals (former) for 1992 to 1995 exclude trade among the independent republics of the former USSR and among the independent republics of the former Yugoslavia SFR, and the totals for 1993 to 1995 also exclude trade between the Czech Republic and Slovakia and between Eritrea and Ethiopia, because this previously constituted internal trade.

The estimates for the former territorial entities used in calculating continents and World totals (former) are shown under USSR Former Area, Yugoslavia Former Area, Czechoslovakia Former Area and Ethiopia Former Area.

Continental and World totals refer to countries listed. Owing to rounding, individual figures may not add up to the totals.

Please also note that, with reference to total figures for Nitrogen Phosphate and Potash fertilizers, in a few cases they might not match the sum of the component products (single component breakdowns are shown in any case, when available).

Please note that the “Other nitrogen” category includes all products for which only small quantities are reported by the countries and/or for which a specific brakdown is not available.

Brazil: calcium ammonium nitrate includes calcium nitrate and other nitrogen fertilizers.

Canada: >other nitrogenous: consumption data includes calcium nitrate for 1999-2001.

Data on production, imports, exports and consumption include ground rock phosphate for direct application; whenever possible, this is shown separately under the country total even if other product breakdown is not shown.

United States: other phosphate fertilizers: consumption data include basic slags.

Production includes technical potash. Exports of potash exclude processed potash exported from non-producing countries.

The following countries report all their fertilizer statistics on a calendar year basis. Data for these countries are given under the split year that begins in the reported calendar year.

Africa: Algeria, Benin, Burundi, Cameroon, Côte d'Ivoire, Egypt, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Ghana, Morocco, Senegal, South Africa, Sudan, Togo, Tunisia, Uganda, Zambia, Zimbabwe.

North and Central America: Canada, Costa Rica, Cuba, Dominica, Dominican Republic, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico, Nicaragua, Panama, St. Lucia, St. Vincent, Trinidad and Tobago.

South America: Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Ecuador, Guyana, Paraguay, Peru, Uruguay, Venezuela.

Asia: Armenia, Azerbaijan, China, Indonesia, Iran, Israel, Jordan, Republic of Korea, Lebanon, Oman, Qatar, Philippines, Saudi Arabia, Singapore, Sri Lanka, Thailand, Turkey.

Europe: Albania, Austria, Belarus, Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech Republic, Estonia, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland (production and trade), Italy (consumption and trade), Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Romania, Slovakia (production and trade), Slovenia.

Indipendent republics of the former Czechoslovakia: starting in 1993 the data for Czech Republic and Slovakia are shown separately and included in Europe.

Eritrea, Ethiopia: starting in 1993, Eritrea and Ethiopia, formerly Ethiopia PDR, are shown separately.

Independent republics of the former USSR: since 1992 the data for Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan and Uzbekistan are included in Asia total while Belarus, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Moldova, Russian Federation and Ukraine are in Europe total. Data for the years prior to 1992 are shown under USSR. (the Former "Asia" and "Europe" totals do not include the new republics). Please note that, as from 1992 product breakdowns are not available for all the independent republics of FSU, total N, P2O5 and K2O are shown for each of these countries, but they might not match the sum of the component products (single component breakdowns are shown in any case, when available).

Independent republics of Yugoslavia SFR: Starting in 1992, the data for Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, the former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, Serbia and Montenegro and Slovenia are shown separately and included in Europe.

Fertilizer Prices

Fertilizer prices paid by farmers are shown in local currency per metric tonne of plant nutrients (N, P₂O₅ and K₂O) for straight fertilizers and per metric tonne of product for mixed and complex fertilizers. They generally refer to bagged fertilizers. Prices are shown with subsidies deducted wherever possible. Caution should be exercised in intercountry comparisons since pricing points, price policies, credit arrangements, etc. are not uniform. The following specifications relate to price data

Botswana: subsidy programme started in October 1985; subsidies (not deducted) paid to agricultural marketing board distribution agent.

Burkina Faso: retail prices. Subsidy programme ended in 1988. Prices are fixed by SOFITEX.

Burundi: prices at retail store. Government subsidy on taxes and rights for the public and parapublic enterprises. The price is fixed on the base of value CIF charges of distribution.

Cape Verde: retail prices fixed by government. Subsidy programme started in October 1981. Subsidies directly paid to farmers.

Egypt: retail prices fixed by government. Subsidies paid to manufacturers, cooperatives, farmers' organizations or special agricultural suppliers. From 1998 free market.

Ethiopia: retail prices fixed by government. Subsidy programme ended in 1997. Prices deregulated. After 2001 free market.

Kenya: retail prices fixed by government. Prices agreed upon by government treasury and suppliers.

Malawi: prices at farmers' nearest market fixed by government. Subsidies of 25% for ammonium sulphate, calcium ammonium nitrate, urea and 20-20-0.

Morocco: prices fixed by government until 1989. Subsidy programme from 1974 to 1990, with subsidies paid to fertilizer manufacturers and importers. After July 1991 liberalized sector.

Niger: prices fixed by government. Subsidies paid to farmers and government agencies for distribution of fertilizers.

Nigeria: prices fixed by government for subsidized fertilizers. Subsidy programme started in 1991 and ended in 1997.

Sierra Leone: subsidy programme ended in 1994. Prices are determined by demand and supply and by the security situation in the country at the time.

South Africa: farmgate prices. Subsidy programme ended in 1984. Prices from 1997 are based on company price lists.

Sudan: the Ministry of Agriculture is responsible for supplying the government schemes concerning inputs; farmers receive these inputs (including fertilizers) at the actual costs.

Tanzania, United Republic of: retail prices. Subsidy programme ended in 1994.

Togo: prices fixed by government. Subsidy programme started in August 1986. Subsidies paid to transport agencies, cooperatives, farmers' organizations or special agricultural suppliers.

Uganda: from 1998 prices determined by market forces in a liberalized economy.

Haiti: prices fixed by government. Subsidy programme started in 1997. Subsidies paid to farmers.

St. Lucia: prices fixed by fertilizers agencies. From 1998 subsidies paid to fertilizers manufacturers.

Trinidad and Tobago: from 1993 prices for urea are f.o.b. Subsidy programme started in 1998.

Bolivia: prices fixed by government. Subsidy programme ended in 1985. Prices in pesos up to 1985, in bolivianos from 1986 onwards.

Brazil: F.O.B. Factory prices. Prices in cruzeiros up to 1985, from 1986 to 1989 in cruzados, from 1990 to 1992 in cruzeiros, for 1993 in cruzeiros reais and from 1994 onward in reais. From 1997 for mixed fertilizers f.o.b. factory prices.

Peru: retail store prices. Subsidy programme ended in January 1979. Prices are in soles up to 1978, from 1979 to 1989 in intis, in new soles from 1990 onward.

Uruguay: factory prices. Up to 1970 prices are in pesos, from 1974 to 1991 new pesos, from 1993 onward in uruguayan pesos.

Venezuela: prices fixed by government. Subsidies paid to fertilizer manufacturers. From 1990 to 1994 prices include subsidies. Subsidy programme ended in 1994.

Bangladesh: ex factory prices fixed by government. Subsidy paid to fertilizer manufacturers.

Cambodia: prices fixed by government. Subsidies paid to farmers. From 1996 prices are the averages of the monthly prices during the year in the city of Phnom Penh.

Cyprus: prices controlled by the price control committee of the Ministry of Commerce. Weighted averages of selling prices of several village cooperatives.

Indonesia: retail prices. Subsidy programme stopped since December 1998. Government still gives subsidies to the urea manufacturers.

Iran, Islamic Republic of: prices fixed by government. Subsidies paid to transport agencies.

Israel: ex factory prices. Urea: price at port. Muriate: price at retail store.

Jordan: retail prices. Muriate over 45%: from 1997 wholesale prices in bulk.

Qatar: f.o.b. factory prices. Since 1984 prices fixed by government for local sales.

Sri Lanka: retail prices fixed by government. Subsidies paid to importers. From 1997 subsidy programme only for urea.

Austria: prices in bulk. 20% of VAT excluded. Since 2002 prices are in euro.

Finland: prices include excise tax up to 1996. Subsidy programme ended in June 1976. Since 2002 prices are in euro.

Iceland: prices fixedt at port. Subsidies paid to fertilizer manufacturers during 1990-91 were stopped.

Ireland: retail prices. Subsidies on phosphate abolished beginning 1978. New price series introduced in March 1979. Prices may not be strictly comparable. Since 2002 prices are in euro.

Spain: subsidy programme ended in December 1987. Since 2002 prices are in euro.

FAO Code	Country	*Currency unit ()**
003	Albania	Lek
004	Algeria	Dinar
009	Argentina	Peso
010	Australia	Australian dollar
011	Austria	Euro
013	Bahrain	Dinar
016	Bangladesh	Taka
015	Belgium	Euro
053	Benin	CFA franc
019	Bolivia	Boliviano
020	Botswana	Pula
021	Brazil	Real
027	Bulgaria	Lev
233	Burkina Faso	CFA franc
029	Burundi	Franc
115	Cambodia	Riel
032	Cameroon	CFA franc
033	Canada	Dollar
035	Cape Verde	Escudo
040	Chile	Peso
041	China	Yuan renmimbi
044	Colombia	Peso
251	Congo, Dem. Republic of	Franc
046	Congo, Republic of	CFA franc
107	Cote D'Ivoire	CFA franc
050	Cyprus	Pound
167	Czeck Republic	Koruna
054	Denmark	Krone
056	Dominican Republic	Peso
058	Ecuador	Sucre
059	Egypt	Pound
060	El Salvador	Colón
178	Eritrea	Nafka
063	Estonia	Kroon
238	Ethiopia	Birr
066	Fiji	Dollar
067	Finland	Euro
068	France	Euro
075	Gambia	Dalasi
079	Germany	Euro
081	Ghana	Cedi
084	Greece	Euro
090	Guinea	Franc
089	Guatemala	Quetzal
093	Haiti	Gourde
095	Honduras	Lempira
097	Hungary	Forint
099	Iceland	Króna
100	India	Rupee
101	Indonesia	Rupiah
102	Iran	Rial
104	Ireland	Euro
105	Israel	New shekel
106	Italy	Euro
109	Jamaica	Dollar
110	Japan	Yen
112	Jordan	Dinar
114	Kenya	Shilling
117	Korea Rep	Won
113	Kyrgyztan	Som
120	Laos	Kip
122	Lesotho	Loti
124	Libya	Dinar
129	Madagascar	Franc
130	Malawi	Kwacha
131	Malaysia	Ringgit
134	Malta	Lira
136	Mauritania	Ouguiya
137	Mauritius	Rupee
138	Mexico	New peso
146	Moldova	Leu
143	Morocco	Dirham
028	Myanmar	Kyat
149	Nepal	Rupee
150	Netherlands	Euro
156	New Zealand	Dollar
157	Nicaragua	Córdoba oro
158	Niger	CFA franc
159	Nigeria	Naira
162	Norway	Krone
165	Pakistan	Rupee
166	Panama	Balboa
169	Paraguay	Guaraní
170	Peru	New sol
171	Philippines	Peso
173	Poland	Zloty
174	Portugal	Euro
179	Qatar	Riyal
182	Réunion	Franc
183	Romania	Leu
185	Russian Federation	Ruble
184	Rwanda	Franc
188	Saint Kitts & Nevis	EC dollar
189	Saint Lucia	EC dollar
196	Seychelles	Rupee
197	Sierra Leone	Leone
200	Singapore	Dollar
199	Slovakia	Koruna
198	Slovenia	Tolar
202	South Africa	Rand
203	Spain	Euro
038	Sri Lanka	Rupee
206	Sudan	Dinar
209	Swaziland	Lilangeni
210	Sweden	Krona
211	Switzerland	Franc
212	Syria	Pound
215	Tanzania	Shilling
216	Thailand	Baht
217	Togo	CFA franc
220	Trinidad and Tobago	Dollar
222	Tunisia	Dinar
223	Turkey	Lira
226	Uganda	Shilling
229	UK	Pound Sterling
230	Ukraine	Karbovanets
234	Uruguay	New peso
231	USA	US Dollar
236	Venezuela	Bolivar
237	Viet Nam	Dong
249	Yemen	Rial
251	Zambia	Kwacha
181	Zimbabwe	Dollar

(*) Please note that the currency reported in the list is the one used in the country during the last year of data available. For previous currency changes please see the specific country notes.

Data refer to value of trade, covering insecticides, fungicides, herbicides, disinfectants and others.

Data on consumption of pesticides are collected and presented for major groups and sub-groups as follows:

A strict inter-country comparison on the basis of the database is not feasible because :

LIST OF COUNTRIES INCLUDED IN THE DATABASE ON PESTICIDES CONSUMPTION
BY CONTINENT

Starting from the 2000 pesticide consumption questionnaire, the countries have been requested to provide separate information on Seed Treatments. For this reason two new categories have been included, "Seed Treatments - Fungicides" and "Seed Treatment - Insecticides". As a consequence, the category "Fungicides, Bactericides and Seed Treatment" has changed to include only "Fungicides and Bactericides".

*	= Unofficial figure
F	= FAO estimate
MT	= Metric tons

1. INSECTICIDES
Chlorinated hydrocarbons Organo-phosphates Carbamates-insecticides	Pyrethroids Botanical and biological products Others, not elsewhere classified
2. MINERAL OILS
3. HERBICIDES
Phenoxy hormone products Triazines Amides Carbamates-herbicides Dinitroanilines	Urea derivatives Sulfonyl ureas Bipiridils Uracil Others not elsewhere classified
4. FUNGICIDES AND BACTERICIDES
Inorganics Dithiocarbamates Benzimidazoles	Triazoles Diazoles Diazines Morpholines Others, not elsewhere classified
5. SEED TREATMENT - FUNGICIDES
Dithiocarbamates Benzimidazoles Triazoles Diazoles	Botanical and biological products Others, not elsewhere classified
6. SEED TREATMENT - INSECTICIDES
Organo-phosphates Carbamates-Insecticides	Pyrethroids Others, not elsewhere classified
7. PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
8. RODENTICIDES
Anti-coagulants Cyanide Generators Hypercalcaemics	Narcotics Others, not elsewhere classified

Australia	New Zealand	Vanuatu
Cook Is	Papua New Guinea
Fiji	Samoa

Barbados	El Salvador	Nicaragua
Belize	Guatemala	Panama
Canada	Haiti	St. Lucia
Costa Rica	Honduras	Trinidad and Tobago
Dominican Rep.	Jamaica	USA

Argentina	Colombia	Suriname
Bolivia	Ecuador	Uruguay
Brazil	Paraguay	Venezuela
Chile	Peru

Armenia	Kazakhstan	Qatar
Baharain	Korea, Rep. of	Saudi Arabia
Bangladesh	Kuwait	Sri Lanka
Bhutan	Kyrgyzstan	Syria
Cyprus	Laos	Tajikistan
India	Lebanon	Thailand
Indonesia	Malaysia	Turkey
Iran	Myanmar	Turkmenistan
Iraq	Nepal	Viet Nam
Israel	Oman	Yemen
Jordan	Pakistan

Means of production

Fertilizer Prices