Small ruminant research and development in Africa













Table of Contents


Proceedings of the Second
Biennial Conference of the African
Small Ruminant Research Network
AICC, Arusha, Tanzania
7-11 December 1992

Edited by:

S.H.B. Lebbie
B. Rey
E.K. Irungu

September 1994

International Livestock Centre for Africa (ILCA)/Technical Centre for Agricultural and Rural Co-operation (CTA)
P.O. Box 5689, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

The Technical Centre for Agricultural and Rural Co-operation

The Technical Centre for Agricultural and Rural Co-operation (CTA) operates under the Lomé Convention between member States of the European Community and the African, Caribbean and Pacific (ACP) States.

The aim of CTA is to collect, disseminate and facilitate the exchange of information on research, training and innovations in the spheres of agricultural and rural development and extension for the benefit of the ACP States.

Headquarters: "De Rietkampen", Galvanistraat 9, Ede, Netherlands
Postal address: Postbus 380, 6700 AJ Wageningen, Netherlands
Tel.: (31) (0) (8380)-60400
Telex: (44) 30169 CTA NL
Telefax: (31) (0) (8380)-31052

ISBN 92-9053-284-X

Correct citation:

Lebbie S H B. Rey B and Irungu E K. 1993. Small Ruminant Research and Development in Africa. Proceedings of the Second Biennial Conference of the African Small Ruminant Research Network, AICC, Arusha, Tanzania, 7-11 December 1992. ILCA (International Livestock Centre for Africa)/CTA (Technical Centre for Agricultural and Rural Co-operation). ILCA, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. 268 pp.

Abstract

This volume contains papers and abstracts of the Second Biennial Conference of the African Small Ruminant Network. In addition to the keynote address, there are nine papers on Small Ruminant Production Systems, Economics and Policy, nine papers on Small Ruminant Performance and Reproduction, ten papers on Small Ruminant Health and Reproductive Wastage, eight papers on Small Ruminant Feeds and Feeding Systems and eight papers on Small Ruminant Genetic Resources and Breeding. Ten poster abstracts covering the above topics add to the volume.

Keywords

/Sheep//goats//small ruminant production systems//productivity//economics//policy//weaning practices//agropastoral//pastoral//production constraints//feeds//feed resources//feeding systems/ /digestibility//nutrition//supplementaton//diet//reproduction//reproductive wastage//performance evaluation//health//peste des petite ruminants//infectious diseases//vaccines//breeds//breeding systems/ /breed improvement//Africa/

Résumé

Le présent volume rassemble les exposés et les résumés d'articles présentés à la deuxième Conférence biennale du Réseau africaine de recherche sur les petits ruminants. Outre le discours liminaire, il contient neuf communications sur les systèmes de production, l'économie et les politiques, neuf autres sur les performances et la production, dix sur la santé et les pertes en reproduction, huit sur l'alimentation et les systèmes d'alimentation et huit autres enfin sur les ressources génétiques et la sélection. A quoi il convient d'ajouter dix séries d'affiches présentées à cette conférence sur l'ensemble des sujets énuméres ci-dessus.

Mots Clés

/Ovins//caprins//systèmes de production des petits ruminants//productivité//économie//politiques//modes de sevrage//agropastoral//pastoral//obstacles à la production//aliments du bétail//ressources alimentaires//systèmes d'alimentation//digestibilité//nutrition//complémentation//régime alimentaire//reproduction//pertes en reproduction//évaluation des performances//santé//peste des petits ruminants//maladies infectieuses//vaccins//espèces//systèmes d'élevage//amélioration génétique//Afrique/

This electronic document has been scanned using optical character recognition (OCR) software and careful manual recorrection. Even if the quality of digitalisation is high, the FAO declines all responsibility for any discrepancies that may exist between the present document and its original printed version.

Cette version numérique du document a été scannérisé en utilisant des logiciels de reconnaissance optique de texte (OCR) et en vérifiant manuellement et attentivement le texte. Bien que la digitalisation soit de haute qualité, la FAO décline toute responsabilité pour les éventuelles différences pouvant apparaître dans ce document par rapport à la version imprimée originale.


Table of Contents


Preface

Constraints and prospects for small ruminant research and development in Africa

Abstract
Introduction
Constraints
Research and development
Conclusion
References

Session 1 - Small ruminant production systems, economics and policy

Socio-economic constraints to strategic sheep fattening: evidence from the Ethiopian highlands

Abstract
Introduction
Methodology
Results
Conclusions and implications
References

Socio-economic aspects of goat nutrition in Swaziland

Abstract
Introduction
Methodology
Results and discussion
Conclusion
References

The role of the West African Dwarf goat in the economy of the smallholder arable farmer in the subhumid zone of Nigeria

Abstract
Introduction
Materials and methods
Results
Discussion and conclusions
Acknowledgements
References

Some socio-economic factors that affect decisions on small ruminant production by small-scale farmers - A case study of west Laikipia

Abstract
Introduction
Materials and methods
Results and discussion
Effect of small-scale farmers' off-farm occupations on small ruminant production
Effect of livestock extension services on small ruminant production
Constraints to small ruminant production
Conclusion
Recommendations
Acknowledgements
Bibliography

Priority setting for small ruminant research

Abstract
Introduction
Priority setting: the key issue
The overall research agenda
Choosing priorities
Principles to follow
Conclusion
References

Overcoming the constraints of dry matter intake on dual-purpose goat production by feeding defoliated maize leaves

Abstract
Introduction
Materials and methods
Results and discussion
Conclusion
References

Goat development in Masvingo province, Zimbabwe: the farmers' perspective

Abstract
Introduction
Methodology
Summary of survey findings
Opportunities for goat production in the districts
The proposed strategy for goat development
Conclusions
References

Goat production in a mixed cattle-goat system: Effect of stocking and substitution rate on redsoil thornveld stability

Summary
Introduction
Materials and methods
Statistical analysis
Results
Discussion and conclusion
Acknowledgements
References

Session 2 - Small ruminant performance and reproduction

Evaluation de l'activité sexuelle pendant la saison de baisse de fertilité chez la chèvre de race D'man

Résumé
Introduction
Matériel et méthodes
Résultats
Discussion
Conclusion
Références

Etude du cycle oestral chez la brebis Djallonké

Résumé
1. Introduction
2. Matériel et méthode
3. Résultats
4. Discussion
Conclusion
Références

Puberty and early mating performance in subtropical fat-tailed sheep and their crosses

Abstract
Introduction
Materials and methods
Results
Discussion and conclusions
References

Preweaning performance of Yankasa sheep under semi-intensive management

Summary
Introduction
Materials and methods
Results and discussion
Conclusion
Acknowledgements
References

Studies on factors affecting reproductive performance and mortality rates of Small East African goats and their crosses

Abstract
Introduction
Materials and methods
Results
Discussion
Conclusion
References

Reproductive traits and disease incidence characteristics of Dorper, Dorper x Masai and Masai ewes raised under semi-arid conditions in Kenya

Abstract
Introduction
Materials and methods
Results and discussion
Implications and conclusion
References

Impact de la prophylaxie sanitaire sur la productivité des petits ruminants dans la zone semi-aride du Mali

Résumé

The performance of the Small East African goats and their Saanen crosses in Malawi

Abstract
Introduction
Material and methods
Results
Discussion and conclusion
References

The productivity of Small East African sheep and goats in Malawi

Abstract
Introduction
Materials and methods
Results and discussion
References

Session 3 - Small ruminant health and reproductive wastage

Trypanosomiasis induced reproductive wastage in West African Dwarf sheep

Abstract
Introduction
Materials and methods
Metabolism study
Chemical analysis
Statistical analysis
Results
Discussion
Conclusion
References

Normes et variations de l'hématocrite et de la formule leucocytaire et particularités histologiques leucocytaires chez la brebis Djallonké du sud du Sénégal

Résumé
1. Introduction
2. Matériel et méthodes
3. Résultats et discussion
4. Conclusion
Références

Haemagglutination-inhibition technique for definitive diagnosis of peste des petite ruminants virus specific antibody

Abstract
Introduction
Materials and methods
Results and discussion
Acknowledgements
References

Peste des petite ruminants (PPR) and rinderpest (RP) antibodies in clinically normal small ruminants in the Cameroon and Nigeria

Abstract
Introduction
Materials and methods
Results
Discussion and conclusion
Acknowledgement
References

Diseases of small ruminants in central Tanzania

Abstract
Introduction
Materials and methods
Results
Discussion
Conclusions
References

Mortalité des chevreaux croisés Alpine au Burundi

Résumé
Abstract
Introduction
2. Matériel et méthodes
3. Résultats
Discussion
Conclusion
Références

Stocking rate of sheep and survival of helminth infective larvae on Brachiaria pastures

Abstract
Introduction
Materials and methods
Results
Discussion
Conclusions
Acknowledgements
References

Effect of strategic anthelmintic treatment on growth performance and survival rate of native lambs in the subhumid environment in Mali

Abstract
Introduction
Materials and methods
Results and discussion
Conclusion
Acknowledgment
References

Intensification of goat production in Uganda and associated health risk management

Abstract
Introduction
Considerations for the intensification of goat production
Improved housing
Opportunities for and benefits of intensified goat production
Acknowledgement
References

Enquête écopathologique sur les pneumopathies des chèvres en saison fraîche au Tchad: un outil au service du développement

Résumé
Introduction
2. Méthodologie
Discussion et conclusion
Remerciements
Références

Session 4 - Small ruminant feeds and feeding systems

Selectivity in sheep and goats fed Albizia, Gliricidia, Leucaena and Tamarind multipurpose trees

Abstract
Introduction
Materials and methods
Results and discussion
Behavioural and intake studies
Conclusion
References

Influence of amount of feed offered on growth, intake and selectivity: observations on sheep and goats

Abstract
Introduction
Material and methods
Results
Discussion
Conclusion
References

The effect of supplementation of cassava peel (CP) diets with graded levels of palm kernel cake (PKC) on the performance of growing Djallonké sheep

Abstract
Introduction
Materials and methods
Results
Discussion
Acknowledgements
References

Valeur nutritive des résidus de récolte et des sous-produits agro-industriels offerts à des moutons peuls du Sahel

Résumé
1. Introduction
2. Matériel et méthodes
3. Résultats
4. Discussion
5. Conclusion
Références

Seasonal changes in body condition of the Senegalese Sahel goat: relationship to reproductive performance

Abstract
Introduction
Material and methods
Results and discussion
Conclusion
Acknowledgements
References

Wet season supplementation of West African Dwarf goats raised under traditional management in the subhumid zone of Nigeria

Abstract
Introduction
Materials and methods
Results
Discussion
Acknowledgement
References

Performance of weaner lambs fed maize leaves and napier grass

Abstract
Introduction
Materials and methods
Results
Discussion and conclusion
References

Rumen degradation of elephant grass supplemented with graded levels of perennial peanut by West African Dwarf sheep

Abstract
Introduction
Materials and methods
Statistical analysis
Results and discussions
Conclusion
References

Metabolisable energy requirements for maintenance and growth of castrate Zimbabwean (Matabele) goats offered diets differing in roughage content either ad libitum or restricted

Abstract
Introduction
Materials and methods
Results
Discussion
Conclusion
Acknowledgements
References

Effect of energy level on milk production by Mossi ewes and Sahelian does

Abstract
Introduction
Materials and methods
Results and discussions
Conclusions
References

Session 5 - Small ruminant genetic resources and breeding

Indigenous African small ruminants: a case for characterisation and improvement

Abstract
Introduction
Agroecological zones and production systems
Distribution of small ruminants by agroecological zones
Special attributes of small ruminants
Role of small ruminants
Small ruminant genetic resources of Africa
Performance potential of indigenous breeds
A case for evaluation and conservation
ILCA/FAO plan of action
References

Impact sur la productivité des ovins Djallonké de la sélection des béliers sur leur taille

Résumé
Introduction
Matériel et méthodes
Résultats attendus

Caractères phénotypiques de différenciation et de croissance des agneaux de race pure Djallonké et croisés Sahélien x Djallonké

Résumé
1. Introduction
2. Matériel et méthodes
3. Résultats et discussion
4. Conclusion
Références

Sheep production in Zambia: A review of sheep breeding

Abstract
Introduction
Breeding in production sectors
Breeding in research
Breeding in extension
Future breeding work
References

Prospects for breeding for resistance to endoparasites in small ruminants in Africa a new ILCA research programme

Abstract
Introduction
Genetic resistance
ILCA's research project
Some preliminary Kenyan results
References

Estimate of genetic and phenotypic parameters for the Dorper, Red Maasai and their crosses

Abstract
Introduction
Materials and method
Results and discussion
Conclusions
References

Productivity of Blackhead Persian sheep in Tanzania

Abstract
Introduction
Materials and methods
Statistical analyses
Results and discussions
Conclusion
References

Some production parameters of Blended goats in semi-arid regions of Tanzania

Abstract
Introduction
Materials and methods
Results and discussion
Conclusion and recommendations
Acknowledgment
References

Performances de reproduction des caprins dans les systèmes d'élevage traditionnels des zones communales an Zimbabwe

Résumé

Données sur l'association coccidies-helminthes au niveau du polyparasitisme gastro-intestinal des moutons Djallonké en Côte d'Ivoire

Effect of concentrate to forage ratio on intake and digestibility in sheep

Abstract

Performance of dairy goats in Mgeta Morogoro, Tanzania

Abstract

Pastures for small ruminants

Growth and reproduction performance of Blackhead Persian sheep: in Tanzania

Role of goats in the utilisation of rangelands of Tanzania

Abstract

Increased productivity of indigenous goats through an organised extension approach in Newala

Browse plants as feed resource for ruminants in Botswana

Abstract

Production de viande des ovins en milieu paysan

Résumé

Etablissement d'une formule barométrique chez le mouton à quelle grasse de l'Afrique de l'Est utilisable en milieu rural

Résumé

Posters - Abstracts

List of participants