PROCEEDINGS OF THE SEMINAR
BAMAKO - MALI
3-8 MARCH 1975
INTERNATIONAL LIVESTOCK CENTRE FOR AFRICA
P.O. BOX 5689
ADDIS ABEBA, ETHIOPIA
TELEPHONE : 15-13-22
TELEX: 21207
CABLE: ILCAF ADDIS
CENTRE INTERNATIONAL POUR L'ELEVAGE EN AFRIQUE
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List of participants - Liste des participants
Inaugural session - Under the distinguished patronage of H.E. the Minister of Production of Mali
Opening speech by the minister of production of the republic of Mali
Speech of welcome by Dr. R.E. Hodgson
Opening speech of Dr. J.R. Pagot
Topic I - Phytosociological survey and evaluation of tracts of land
Predevelopment survey: The initial stages
The sub-Sahara African rangeland resource
Rangeland survey in the framework of pastoral development
The use of rangeland inventory and condition surveys
Introduction
Methodology in western Australian surveys
Estimation of stocking rate on grazing areas
Conclusions
Appendix
BibliographyI. Definition of objectives
II. Evaluations
III. The methods used
The rangeland of north Africa: Typology, yield, productivity and development
Introduction
Methodology - Inventoried and mapped areas
Principal types of pasture, their yield and their productivity
Improvement of pasturelands
Conclusions
BibliographyThe inventory and mapping of rangeland in West Africa
A. Classification and appraisal of rangeland
B. Principles for the development of West African pastures
C. Cartographic work carried out
BibliographyConsiderations on cartographic studies of natural rangeland in the Republic of Senegal
Rangeland resource surveys for farm and regional development in Queensland
Introduction
Data collection and storage
Data retrieval and interpretation
Conclusions
BibliographyEast African habitat monitoring practice: A review of methods and application
Introduction
Methods
Results and analysis
Discussion
Bibliography
Figure legendsIntervention by H. Le Houerou
Conclusion
Discussion
Intervention by G. Boudet
Intervention by N. Dawson
Intervention by E. Trump
Intervention by M. Gwynne
Discussion
Topic III - Evaluation of the site: Parameters and methods
Method for the study of the structure of tropical grasslands
1. General principles
2. Structural characteristics and parameters
3. Morphological and biomorphological types
4. Structural analysis of grasslands
5. Structural card
6. Scope for the application of the method
I. Graminoid layer
II. Ligneous layer
BibliographyMeasurement of herbaceous production in the Sahelian zone
A. Measurement of standing biomass
B. Comparison of net production and biomassDrought and its relationship to dynamics of primary productivity and production of grazing animals
Introduction
Drought and vegetation changes
Drought and forage yield
Drought and livestock responses
Management flexibility to cope with drought
BibliographyInfluence of rainfall on the productivity of grasslands
Ecological status: Range condition trend recognition and value of indicator species
Range condition and range trend
Introduction
Range condition defined
Range trend defined
Range site
Types of ecosystem changes
Factors used to measure condition
Factors used to indicate range trendTest for the study of the evolution of vegetation in the Sahelian zone
Evolution of vegetation on the Niono Ranch since 1969
Evolution of the natural pasturelands of C.N.R.Z., Sotuba *
I. Climatology
II. Geomorphology and geology
III. Pedology
IV. Plant formations
V. Productivity of certain rangelands
ConclusionsInfluence of the intensity of exploitation on the productivity of grasslands
Outline of methods used
Selective effect of grazing and its role in the evolution of organic matter in two types of soil
Evolution of the floristic composition of 3 types of Savannah under the impact of grazing
BibliographyPlant/animal interactions in the Sahelian zone
Introduction
Influence of biotic factors on the recovery of the herbaceous vegetation stratum
Influence of biotic factors on the evolution of the woody stratum
Conclusion
BibliographyThe need for a wide ecological approach in the planning of future rangeland surveys
Evaluation of plant-animal relationships on different range-pastures in western Rajasthan, India
Chemical composition and in vitro digestibility of some range forage species of Iran
Introduction
Area locations and characteristics
Study methods and materials
Results
Crude protein
Crude fibre
Cell wall constituents (CWC) (neutral detergent fibre)
Acid detergent fibre (ADF)
Lignin
Cellulose
In-vitro true digestibility of organic matter (IVTDOM)
Ash and minerals
Discussion
BibliographyMaximum carrying capacity of Malian grasslands
1. Introduction
2. Method
3. Results
Conclusion
BibliographyA method used in Australia for estimating stocking rates
Note on some problems in the assessment of livestock carrying capacity
Problems encountered in estimating the rate of stocking of "natural pastureland" in a tropical zone
Basis for estimating rates of stocking
Necessity of control of the use of pasture by animals
ConclusionProblems in the evaluation of the nutritional value of natural tropical rangeland
Factors determining the value of rangeland
Current methods of rangeland evaluation
Critical points and motifs
Variation factors in voluntary intake
Methods for the measurement or evaluation of quantities ingested
Methods for the evaluation of digestibility
ConclusionAssessment of potential for rangeland improvement
Problems posed by the evaluation of the browse potential of the Sahel zone
Exploitation of this vegetation by animals
Cattle
Value of the grazing landsReview of the discussions
Surveys and measurements
Plant-animal interaction
Changes in pastureland conditions
Nutritive value and estimation of carrying capacity
Topic IV - Sampling and processing of data
Phytosociological survey and pasture-range evaluation
The phytosociological survey
Realisation
Evaluation of pastures (range grazing)
Evaluation for management
Control of ecological changes
ConclusionEnvironmental monitoring in Africa
Presenting the results of integrated surveys by computer mapping
1. Introduction - The need for planning-relevant information
2. The concept of cellular mapping
3. The concept of multi-source data
4. Extraction of planning-relevant information
5. Presentation of results
6. Computer-mapping and spectral pattern recognitionIntroduction
Special problems in desert research and modelling
Modelling primary productionPotential primary production of unirrigated land in the Sahel
Model studies on actual and potential herbage production in arid regions
Mathematical analysis of surveys of vegetation in the Sahelian zone
Review of discussions
1. Evaluations through mapping with computer assistance
2. Surveying the environment
3. Simulation models
4. Vegetation surveys
5. Collection data and sampling techniques
Fourteen years of rangeland mapping at I.E.M.V.T.
Purpose of mapping - two-fold option
Criteria to be strictly followed in rangeland cartography
Homogeneity of presentation
Evolution of the presentation of rangeland cartography at I.E.M.V.T. over the past 14 years
Conclusions and wishesThe search for a cartographic methodology applicable to the Sahelian pasturelands
Data on the Sahel
Proposals for a methodology
Conclusions
BibliographyFactors determining the selection of scales for pastureland maps
Introduction
The reconnaissance plan (or map) of pasturelands
The synthesis map
The inventory map
Detailed maps
ConclusionsClassification of grassy formations by the structure of the vegetation
1. Ranking of criteria
2. Organization of classification
3. Naming of herbaceous formations
Bibliography
Topic VI - Conclusions: Actions to undertake
General considerations concerning the programme
1. Categories of rangeland survey and evaluation
2. Review of experiences
3. Site evaluation: Parameters and methods
4. Sampling and data processing
5. Cartography
6. Guidelines for the futureNeeds for evaluation and mapping of African rangeland
Grazing capacity as a function of regional socio-economic structure
Introduction
The economic approach to cattle husbandry
A classification of West African cattle breeders
Locational aspects of cattle husbandry
The influence of planning measurements
Conclusion
BibliographyStructure and carrying capacity
Economic problems
Research
Training
Recommendations and conclusions
Item 1: Categories of rangeland survey and evaluation
Item 2: Review of experiences
Item 3: Site development - parameters and methods
Item 4: Sampling and data processing
Item 5: Cartography
Item 6: Guidelines for the futureClosing speech by Dr. R.E. Hodgson
Closing speech by Dr. J.R. Pagot
Speech of gratitude by the delegate of the OAU, Dr. P. Nderito
Closing speech by the Minister of production of the Republic of Mali