Method for the study of the structure of tropical grasslands
1. General principles
2. Structural characteristics and parameters
3. Morphological and biomorphological types
4. Structural analysis of grasslands
5. Structural card
6. Scope for the application of the method
I. Graminoid layer
II. Ligneous layer
Bibliography
Measurement of herbaceous production in the Sahelian zone
A. Measurement of standing biomass
B. Comparison of net production and biomass
Drought and its relationship to dynamics of primary productivity and production of grazing animals
Introduction
Drought and vegetation changes
Drought and forage yield
Drought and livestock responses
Management flexibility to cope with drought
Bibliography
Influence of rainfall on the productivity of grasslands
Introduction
4. Conclusion
Bibliography
Ecological status: Range condition trend recognition and value of indicator species
Range condition and range trend
Introduction
Range condition defined
Range trend defined
Range site
Types of ecosystem changes
Factors used to measure condition
Factors used to indicate range trend
Test for the study of the evolution of vegetation in the Sahelian zone
Conclusion
Bibliography
Evolution of vegetation on the Niono Ranch since 1969
Introduction
Conclusion
Bibliography
Evolution of the natural pasturelands of C.N.R.Z., Sotuba *
I. Climatology
II. Geomorphology and geology
III. Pedology
IV. Plant formations
V. Productivity of certain rangelands
Conclusions
Influence of the intensity of exploitation on the productivity of grasslands
Introduction
Conclusion
Bibliography
Outline of methods used
Selective effect of grazing and its role in the evolution of organic matter in two types of soil
Evolution of the floristic composition of 3 types of Savannah under the impact of grazing
Bibliography
General remarks
Results
Conclusions
Plant/animal interactions in the Sahelian zone
Introduction
Influence of biotic factors on the recovery of the herbaceous vegetation stratum
Influence of biotic factors on the evolution of the woody stratum
Conclusion
Bibliography
The need for a wide ecological approach in the planning of future rangeland surveys
Evaluation of plant-animal relationships on different range-pastures in western Rajasthan, India
Introduction
References
Chemical composition and in vitro digestibility of some range forage species of Iran
Introduction
Area locations and characteristics
Study methods and materials
Results
Crude protein
Crude fibre
Cell wall constituents (CWC) (neutral detergent fibre)
Acid detergent fibre (ADF)
Lignin
Cellulose
In-vitro true digestibility of organic matter (IVTDOM)
Ash and minerals
Discussion
Bibliography
Maximum carrying capacity of Malian grasslands
1. Introduction
2. Method
3. Results
Conclusion
Bibliography
A method used in Australia for estimating stocking rates
Reference
Note on some problems in the assessment of livestock carrying capacity
Problems encountered in estimating the rate of stocking of "natural pastureland" in a tropical zone
Basis for estimating rates of stocking
Necessity of control of the use of pasture by animals
Conclusion
Problems in the evaluation of the nutritional value of natural tropical rangeland
Factors determining the value of rangeland
Current methods of rangeland evaluation
Critical points and motifs
Variation factors in voluntary intake
Methods for the measurement or evaluation of quantities ingested
Methods for the evaluation of digestibility
Conclusion
Assessment of potential for rangeland improvement
Introduction
Problems posed by the evaluation of the browse potential of the Sahel zone
Exploitation of this vegetation by animals
Cattle
Value of the grazing lands
Review of the discussions
Surveys and measurements
Plant-animal interaction
Changes in pastureland conditions
Nutritive value and estimation of carrying capacity
Under the Chairmanship of Dr. L.J. AYUKO, Director of Rangeland Management Services of the Ministry of Agriculture, Kenya.
3.1. Primary production, including methods for assessing site potential, methods of vegetation classification and yield assessment (botany, herbage and browse).3.2. Ecological status: range condition and trend, recognition and value of indicator species.
3.3. Animal/Plant interaction: e.g. feeding mechanism and vegetation, season and use of vegetation, tsetse habitats, assessment of palatability and nutritive value.
3.4. Animal carrying capacity, including concepts and definition, methods for assessment and use of standard stock units.
3.5. Assessment of potential for rangeland improvement
Chairman: L. AYUKO
Rapporteur: A. BLAIR RAINS
Discussion leader: H. HEADY
COMMUNICATIONS
B. DESCOINS; J.C. BILLE; R.B. DAS; H. BREMAN; L. DIARRA; I. CISSE; M. TOGOLA; GWYNNE; J. PIOT; G. RIPPSTEIN; P. GRANTER; C.F. HEMMING; L.J. AYUKO; P. LEROUX; J. VALENZA; G. BOUDET; R. RIVIERE; B. PEYRE DE FABREGUES; B.K. SONI.
R.B. DAS; H. BREMAN; L. DIARRA; I. CISSE; M. TOGOLA; WAYNE COOK; D.L. SIMS; J. PIOT, G. RIPPSTEIN; P. GRANTER; C.F. HEMMING; L.J. AYUKO.
P. LEROUX; H. HEADY; L. AYUKO; J. VALENZA.
G. BOUDET; R. RIVIERE; B. PEYRES DE FABREGUES; P. GRANTER; B. SONI.
