The Near East Region has witnessed extreme variability in it climatic conditions over the past 30-40 years, albeit with varying levels between different parts of the Region.

The extreme events have included drought periods, floods, hot temperatures, cold temperatures and snow storms, to cite just a few.

The attribution of these events to a long-term, systematic climatic change still cannot be demonstrated because of the need for long time series of data.

However the evidence and impacts of these events are well known and unanimously recognized.

The objective of this study is not to demonstrate that the recent deviations of climatic conditions from normal are here to stay, but rather to assess their evidence and impacts, with in-depth focus on water resources and their use in agriculture, and to discuss the needs to adapt to these changes, to mitigate their impacts and to reduce vulnerability.

The study will be based on:

1) the collection of available data and information related to the subject;

2) discussions with relevant institutions and persons involved in climate, meteorology, agriculture and environment as well as water resources planning, management and use;

3) field visits to ascertain actual adaptation measures and practices and to discuss with farmers and local stakeholders; and

4) the consultant's experience.

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Terms of Reference climate change study