Ingredients (in parts by weight):

Ingredients (in parts by weight) after Proserpio (1981):

Ingredients (in parts by volume) modified from Krochmal (1973):

Combine all the ingredients. Other oils such as coconut or palm oil may also be used. It is better to use refined rather than regular cooking oil, though the latter can be used for products consumed at home. Different essential oils may be added as well. Either pollen extracted can with propylene glycol or with concentrated ethanol (with the ethanol largely evaporated or replaced by glycol) can be used. Pollen is said to promote tanning and propolis (ethanol or glycol extract) can be added to increase sun protection. For additional protection against UV radiation, special synthetic UV filters can be included. These may require an additional agent to dissolve or suspend them in the oils. Such information can be obtained when purchasing the raw material. Commercial formulations generally do not contain much more than has been listed in this recipe.

Ingredients (in parts by weight) after Proserpio (1981):

Melt the beeswax in a water bath and add the other ingredients. The fragrances and ricinus oil are added last. Ricinus oil (castor oil) is extracted from Ricinus communis seeds.

The product will be improved by the addition of propolis as a weak UV screen, and pollen extract (2 parts) for its effect on tanning, will ffirther improve the product.

Ingredients (in parts by weight) after Proserpio (1981):

Dissolve the honey in a little water. Premix the neutralizing base in a little glycerol or water. At room temperature, mix the rest of the water and the witch hazel and add the carbopol very slowly while stirring vigorously. Stir until everything has dissolved. Mix the oils in the glycerol. Add the glycerol/oil phase to the carbopol/water phase. Mix carejully without incorporating air. when homogeneous, add the premixed base and stir slowly for another 30 minutes.

Without heating, mix all the ingredients, except the thickener, water and pe~me. Use a slow moving blade mixer and mix until a homogeneous mixture is obtained, avoiding as much as possible the trapping of air. Slowly add the water and mix until homogeneous. The thickener is heated slightly and added to the main mass. Shampoos with a glycerol or oil phase can also include a small percentage of beeswax.

Fragrances and other additives can be added shortly before pouring into storage vessels and before control and/or adjustment of physical characteristics.

The following two shampoos have been described by Proserpio (1981):

Cologne (perfumed aqueous alcohol) can be used, but rose water, orange flower water or other aqueous aromatic extracts which are much cheaper than cologne can also be used. If a glycol extract of pollen is used, the shampoo will have a smoother texture. Propolis extract can be added to treat dandruff The honey content may be reduced in order to reduce costs.

Ingredients (in parts by weight) after Proserpio (1981):

Ingredients (in parts by weight) after Proserpio (1981):

In addition to three variations distinguished by the addition of honey, propolis or both, herbal extracts to promote relaxation and stimulation of circulation may be added to this kind of formulation.

Ingredients (in parts by volume) after Berthold (1992):

Ingredients (in parts by weight) after Dany (1988):

Ingredients (in parts by weight):

The honey needs to be diluted with the water prior to jurther mixing. The propolis can be extracted in glycerol directly (though not very efficient) or an alcohol extract may be thickened by evaporation and mixed (emulsified or dispersed) in the glycerol at a concentration of 10% paste.

Ingredients (in parts by weight) after Proserpio (1981):

Ingredients (in parts by weight) after Proserpio (1981):

Ingredients (in parts by volume) after Krochmal (undated):

Combine all the ingredients except the soap and stir or shake well in ajar. Then add the liquid soap. Pour into a soap dispenser or storage vessel. Honey, lipid pollen extract and EEP propolis extract can be added in small percentages, as well as special herb extracts.

Ingredients (in parts by weight) after Proserpio (1981):

Ingredients (in parts by weight) after Proserpio (1981):

Ingredients (in parts by weight) after Bennet (1970):

Prior to processing, dissolve the propolis paste in the glycerol. If the liquid is not clear, leave for 24 hours, refrigerate and filter. The saccharin sweetener may be replaced with about 3 parts of honey, or according to taste. Take a small portion from the 282 parts water and dissolve the honey in it.

While stirring the 282 parts of water, add the glycerol. Then sprinkle in the saccharin (or add honey) and mix for two minutes. Very slowly add the carbopol, mix for ten minutes and deaerate (in a vacuum) or with time for settling.

Dissolve the su~actant (Duponol) in the 40 parts of water and add to the Carbopol solution. Mix slowly for 60 minutes. Add the sodium hydroxide solution and stir for another 30 minutes. Finally, mix in the peppermint oil and stir for another 15 minutes.

Ingredients (in parts by volume) after Krochmal (1731):

Ingredients (in parts by volume):

Mix all the ingredients together until dissolved. The mixture can then be filled into a mechanical mister and used as a mouth spray. Other flavours can be used such as eucalyptol, menthol, cinnamon oil, citric acid or clove oil and mixed according to taste.

Water soluble peppermint extracts can be used and the propolis precipitate filtered out, or a more aqueous extract of propolis can be used. Glycerol in such a preparation, though preferred technically, should be minimized (or avoided) because of its relative toxicity.

Ingredients (in parts by weight):

Melt the first 8 ingredients and mix them together. The next four are mixed in water and heated to 50⁰C at which point they are mixed with the oil phase heated to the same temperature. During cooling and continuous stirring the perfumes, preservatives and propolis extract are added (at 30 to 40^°C).

Emulsifiers include a wide range of cosmetics ingredients: sorbitan esters and sorbitan polyoxyethylenated esters are extensively used. Glyceryl monostearate is also useffil in many cases, when blended with alkaline soaps.

Generic ingredients (in parts by weight):

Ingredients (in parts by weight)

Ingredients (in parts by weight) after Proserpio (1981):

Dissolve the honey in 10 parts of water, then add to the rest of the water at room temperature. Rapidly stirring the honey water, add the cellulose very slowly. Stir until completely dissolved and avoid aerating the solution too much. Mix the pollen extract with the glycerol and add all the oils one after the other to the cellulose, honey and water mix. Stir for a few more minutes to ensure homogeneous distribution.

This face mask can be stored refrigerated over a long period. For regular marketing it should keep at least a few months. Glycol extract of propolis may be added too, and will increase the cleansing power of the mask.

Ingredients (in parts by weight):

Ingredients (in parts by weight):

Ingredients (in parts by weight) after Brown (1981):

This is a much simpler recipe than the preceding one and is said to work well.

Melt the ingredients in a water bath and mix well. Disperse the pigment in part of the liquid paraffin using a mortar and pestle or mill, then add it to the melted waxes. Stir very well and continue stirring during cooling but avoid aerating the mixture. Essential oils may be added for fragrance.

Ingredients (in parts by weight):

The ingredients are warmed and thoroughly mixed together. The oil and waxes can be varied in type and quantity to achieve the right consistency. This recipe cited by Fox (1992) has been described in a Polish patent awarded to Pruszkowskie Zaklady Materialow.

Ingredients (in parts by weight):

The water-soluble binder is mixed with water and added to the rest of the ingredients. The mix is heated and moulded into rods which are dried. A proper wrapping or other protective shell should be applied. As can be seen from the second, similar formulation other aqueous binders can be used and the proportion and types of wax may be changed. The base recipes (without beeswax) are from a patent of the Tombow Pencil Co., Ltd., as reported in Fox (1992).

Ingredients (in parts by weight) after Cosmetics and Toiletries (1992):

Ingredients (in parts by weight) after Brown (1981):

Melt the waxes and mix well. Take two or three parts of the melted waxes and mix with the carbon black with a mortar and pestle or ball mill. Stir well during and after adding the premixed pigment. If necessary, mill using a pebble or ball mill. Continue stirring during cooling. Below 40⁰C, add the essential oils, pour into shallow tins or jars and allow to set before sealing.