In order to find out the specific criteria and indicators for the different phases of the nfp process, the process was presented graphically and divided in phases: i) Organization of the process ii) Analysis and iii) Programme development iv) Implementation and v) Monitoring and evaluation. For more detailed information please see http://www.fao.org/forestry/foris/webview/forestry2/index.jsp?siteId=1440&langId=1 (National Forest Programmes site on FAO web site www.fao.org, under Forestry).
High Importance/High Power – HI/HP
High Importance/Less Power – HI/LP
Low Importance/High Power – LI/HP
Low Importance/Less Power – LI/LP
The task was to discuss various stakeholder types –
What is at stake for them
How they benefit from participation and
How the nfp process benefits from their contribution
In what category they fall
Whitch of these are critical in the decision-making process; need to be consulted; at least informed
How to draw their participation (approaches that work)
Select the criteria to assess their participation
Find indicators for these criteria
RESULTS:
Working group 1 : Phase I – Organization of the Process
HI/LP
Forest Owners (private-small)
Farmers
Community organizations
Local government
National NGOs
Small scale forest industry
Indigenous People
Forest workers
HI/HP
Academic&research
Forest owners (private-large)
National gouvernments/ National Forest autorities
Large forest industry
Legislators
Forest administrations
Forest workers
LI/LP
Other users
Academic&research (developping country)
LI/HP
Donors
International NGOs (IUCN,WWF)
Other ministries
International Organizations
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WHO
Activate the actors (potential and existing)
Who was absent before and is engaged now?
Who was least heard before and is engaged now?
Actors clearly recognize their interest
Active actors (of activity)
New actors identified
Actors recognize their role(s)
Initiating actor (s) make others aware of potential goal/priority conflicts
Mechanization of process & affects the goals of different actors
Reconciliation of global – national – local priorities
Actors who need to be involved are!
All HI/HP included
Most HI/LP
Most LI/HP involved
Process is comfortable for the newcomers
Directly affected actors are engaged and committed to the process
Participatory Mechanism for Decision Making
Agenda/plan of process establishe d
Stakeholder analysis
Continuity
% of initiatives approved
HOW
Diversification in Actors
# groups of actors
Recognition of conflicts of goals & way to identify/discuss
Equity (fair representation)
System of empowerment of low power actors existing
Incentives & Motivation – Lose more if not participate
Risks in non-participation identified (& made clear)
Organizational Capacity
Structure established for nfp process
Moderators trained
(see next “What” list)
Resource Availability
Budget available for meetings
Human resources for the process: quantity/quality
Legitimization
Informed consent
Actors agree to aide by commitments madder
Institutionalized process for actors to work together
(See other “How” list)
Information Sharing
Access to information is guaranteed
Information generated and disseminated to all stakeholders
Transparency Accountability
Regular mechanism for feedback established
The steps to be following in the process are known by all
Roles of stakeholders are well-known by all
The mechanism of the process is well-known by the stakeholders
(no column)
Commitment to Continue the Process
Number of activities carried out by different stakeholders
The participatory process is maintained
Awareness of the Process
Public opinion on the NFP process and SFM
What is in the media
LOOSE cards : “Forum – shopping”; “Veto” power; Manipulation of the process
Working group 2 : Phase II - Analysis
HI/LP
Female/male farmers
Consultants/research
Ministry of planning
Labor force
Local community
Rural poor
Indigenous
Local government
Small forest entreprise
Wildlife
HI/HP
Ministry of Finance
Civil society
Private sector –corporate
Ministry of Forestry
Research institutions/universities
Tourism
LI/LP
General public
Environmental NGOs
Civil society
LI/HP
Private land owners
Ministry of planning = $, €
Donor community
Other ministries
Elected official (national/subnational/regional level)
Regional associations/organizations
Trade partners
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Principles
Transparency
Voluntary participation
Equity
Inclusive participation
Political will and financial resources
Approaches to ensure, draw and sustain stakeholder participation
Political willingness
Financial support of participation of HI/LP stakeholder group
Process accepted by society at all levels
Criteria:
Adequate financial support to enable the process
Political support for participation in NFP exists
Planning of the process prior to launching
Indicators:
Financial statements backed by budgetary allocation
Proportion of domestic funding
Budget allocation level for nfp
Audit allocation ring fenced
Numbers of new statues and regulations
Number of statements and engagements by ministries, etc.
Publication of policy documents
Hours of parliamentary discussions
Raise awareness on the importance of the nfp process and participation
Approaches to ensure, draw and sustain stakeholder participation
Define the point of critical importance
Explain well the starting point and limits (+purpose)
Define objectives (what is the expected results – why)
Improved capacity, skills to participate, equal access to information
Raise awareness
Awareness campaign prior to participation
Criteria:
Sufficient understanding among all stakeholders for informed participation
Final objective of process is clear to participants
Indicators:
Positive survey response
Degree of participation in nfp process
Feedback
Approaches to ensure, draw and sustain stakeholder participation
Ensure feedback to maintain participation
Give feedback on their participation
Create/ facilitate an environment of trust
Criteria:
Stakeholders are kept involved in the process with a chance to comment and influence decision-making
Indicator:
Adequate mechanisms are in place
Various Communication Approaches
Approaches to ensure, draw and sustain stakeholder participation
Roundtable discussions
Promote more horizontal linkages
Reaching marginalized groups
Effective communication
Hold local meetings
Select representation sample of specific HI/LP
Access to accurate information
Use adequate communication tools
Use “market research”
Guidelines/mechanisms shared by all partners
Criteria:
Feedback mechanisms established and sustain participation
Effective communication strategy exists
Indicators:
Stakeholders able to explain objectives of nfp process
Effective communication strategy exists
70% of stakeholders have access to relevant information
Asking for Local information along with technical expertise
Approaches to ensure, draw and sustain stakeholder participation
Design specific tasks
Engage in work groups
Small scale approaches within wider context
Focus group discussions
Working groups
Task Forces
Advisory committee
Adequate use of language
Invite written contributions
Criteria
Local recommendations are documented
Realistic and comprehensive information generated in the process
Indicators
Locally organized meetings in all administrative units
Minutes of local workshops
Field information complemented with available expertise and statistical data
Synthesis report on the results of the process
Training and capacity building
Approaches to ensure, draw and sustain stakeholder participation
Identify work through gatekeepers
Social learning
Civic education or training
Capacity building in MSP
Train facilitators to reach HI/LP
Criteria
Organizational capacity of stakeholders enables efficient participation
Capacity to conduct participatory analysis exists
Indicators
# of training sessions in participatory methods
# of participants voluntary involved in stakeholder meetings
Voice through representation
Approaches to ensure, draw and sustain stakeholder participation
Mechanisms of representative bodies developed/improved
Develop representative bodies (core funds, training)
Build capacity of representatives of HI/LP
Forget about gender biases in forestry sector
Criteria
Fair representation of stakeholders at national level
Local stakeholders contribute to strategic analysis
Indicators
% stakeholder group members satisfied with their group input
# or % group/categories of stakeholders participating
% of stakeholder representative satisfied with the outcomes
Provide incentives, benefits and stimulate motivation
Approaches to ensure, draw and sustain stakeholder participation
Recognition of groups’ contribution
Incentive
Show them benefits (added value) by participating
Social mobilization (HI/LP)
Empowerment
Explain the importance of their participation (motivation)
Respect
Help increase their self esteem
Give responsibility
The process has to result for all stakeholders/partners
Criteria
Long-term incentives for participating are clear
Different interests are not marginalized in the process
Contributions of stakeholders are integrated and debated
Working group 3 : Phase III – Programme Development
HI/LP
Ministry of Environment
Marginalised groups
Local NGOs
Other ministries
Local government
Universities&research
Private sector
Small private industry/entrepreneurs
HI/HP
Forestry administration
Ministry of finance
Banking institutions
Donors
Logging companies
Trade-unions
WB-implementation review team
LI/LP
Extension services (local)
General public
LI/HP
Politicians
Chiefs of villages
Medias
International NGOs
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Decision-making (conflict management, consensus building) |
Consultations (communication – feedback) |
Information (presentation,promotion) |
Stakeholder groups/objective of their participation Approaches to ensure their participation |
HI/LP Transparency in decision making Stakeholders recognized by others Equity in benefits and cost Awareness raising &interest formation Use of radio – information – phone ins. Powerful message+high level ‘hook’ Support to the disadvantaged groups Form/manage coalition of interest Program dev. structure : e.g. wk/group, Task Force Communication/network strategies Series of consultative meetings/ workshop Special meetings/focus groups (closed) Par. Action Research Demonstrate credibility (listen&respond) Institutional analysis Exposing gaps->needs for change Strategic focus groups Review of iniciatives (qualitative assessment) District level vosioning “ground truthing” Address questions others are trying to answer Make participation plan An informed process for all – info packages – leaflets, brochures, status reports |
HI/HP Transparency in decision making Indicators in poverty reduction frameworks Public statements/press quotes Awareness raising &interest formation Evaluation reports, impact assessment Study tours Surveys/studies Parlimentary retreats Option papers, scenario analysis Hi-ranking (Ministers) Steering Committee Inter-sectoral ministerial task force Writeshops Country specific stekeholders profile Conflict meeting Make participation plan An informed process for all – info packages – leaflets, brochures, status reports |
LI/LP Transparency in decision making Keep them well informed Open meetings Awareness raising &interest formation Communication linkage to decision making Medias involvement An informed process for all – info packages – leaflets, brochures, status reports |
LI/HP Transparency in decision making Keep them well informed Awareness raising &interest formation Public workshops/ hearings Problem-driven approach An informed process for all – info packages – leaflets, brochures, status reports |
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Criteria Commitment Access to the process Transparency Level of endorsement of the FPS Awareness Credibility (legitimacy) Accountability Level of realism Representation Timebound Human&financial resources Capacity building |
Indicators Number of meetings/variety of groups Continuity of participation of groups Positive perception individuals can influence decision Scale and impact of weaknesses in forest governance considered Number of press releases, Information and documentation shared Procedures for feed-back instituted Number of conflict arising Presence of an independent conflict management mechanism (ombusman) Mandate and resources given to nfp coordination unit |