Introduction of aquatic species into Zambian waters, and their importance for aquaculture and fisheries
| ALCOM | GCP/INT/555/SWE |
| Aquaculture for Local Community Development Programme | GCP/RAF/277/BEL |
ALCOM Field Document No. 24
| Introduction of aquatic species into Zambian waters, and their importance for aquaculture and fisheries |
by
Dirk F.E. Thys van den Audenaerde
Professor, Catholic University, Leuven, Belgium
& Director, Africa Museum, Tervuren, Belgium
(Consultant, ALCOM)
Funding Agencies:
SWEDISH INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT AUTHORITY
BELGIAN ADMINISTRATION FOR DEVELOPMENT CO-OPERATION
Executing Agency:
FOOD AND AGRICULTURE ORGANIZATION OF THE UNITED NATIONS
Harare, Zimbabwe, January 1994
This paper reviews various aquatic organisms that have been introduced into the waters of Zambia over the years, and provides facts concerning such introduction. It also discusses whether the introductions were in compliance with established guidelines on the introduction of aquatic animals. It makes recommendations on government policy concerning introduction of aquatic organisms.
The paper also makes general observations on the fisheries department of Zambia, on aquaculture in Zambia, on the choice of species for further aquaculture development, and on foreign-aided aquaculture programmes.
The paper is based on the observations of an ALCOM consultant (Prof. Thys van den Audenaerde) who visited fish farms and institutions in Zambia for a couple of weeks in September 1992, interviewed officials and experts, and conducted a literature review. The consultant was assisted in his mission by an official of the Department of Fisheries, Zambia (Mr Charles Maguswi) and by two staffers of ALCOM (Mr Boyd Haight and Mr Andreas Jensen).
ALCOM is a regional aquaculture and fisheries programme of the FAO (Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations). Based in Harare, Zimbabwe, it covers all the member-countries of SADC (Southern African Development Community) -- Angola, Botswana, Lesotho, Malawi, Mozambique, Namibia, Swaziland, Tanzania, Zambia, Zimbabwe.
The aim of ALCOM is to assist member-countries improve the living standards of rural populations through the practice of aquaculture. Toward this end, pilot activities are conducted in member-countries to demonstrate new techniques, technologies or methodologies. Successes achieved, ideas derived, lessons learnt, are applied on a wider scale by member--governments.
ALCOM is funded by Sweden and Belgium. Its preparatory phase began in 1986, and its first implementation phase in 1990.
ABSTRACT |
| Twenty one species of fish, four species of crustaceans and one mollusc species have been introduced into Zambia. They can be classified into several groups by chronology: introductions during the 1940s and 1950s; the first tilapia introductions (1945–1950); the second and third wave of introductions; the introductions into Lake Kariba and Lake Iteshiteshi; introduction of aquatic animals from the 1980s; introductions organized by large companies and commercial farmers; introduction of crustaceans by private farmers. |
| The manner of these introductions, and their impact on fisheries in Zambia, are analysed. Comments and recommendations are also made on aquaculture in Zambia, on the choice of fish species for further aquaculture development, on the possibilities of trout farming in Zambia, and on foreign assistance programmes in aquaculture. |
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II. THE AQUATIC ANIMAL SPECIES INTRODUCED OR TRANSLOCATED IN ZAMBIA
II a. Survey of introduced and translocated species
II b. Comments on these introductions and translocations
III. GENERAL COMMENTS AND RECOMMENDATIONS ON AQUACTURE AND AQUACULTURE POLICIES IN ZAMBIA
III a. The Fisheries Department, Chilanga, Zambia
III b. Aquaculture in Zambia
III c. Choice of fish species for further aquaculture development
III d. Aquaculture Research Stations in Zambia
III e. Possibilities for trout farming in Zambia
III f. Evaluation and control of foreign assistance programmes in aquaculture
Annex I Terms of reference
Annex II Itinerary
Annex III Persons met
Annex IV Institutions and fish farms visited
Annex V Proposed agricultural policies to the year 2000 and beyond : fisheries component
Annex VI Map of fishery areas and fish farms, Zambia
Annex VII Map of distribution of Tilapia nilotica in the Kafue River, Aug. 1992
Annex VIII Fisheries Act, Republic of Zambia
Annex IX Bibliography