Cover
FAO FISHERIES TECHNICAL PAPER 330



Nutritional fish pathology
Morphological signs of nutrient deficiency and toxicity in farmed fish




CONTENTS

by
Albert G.J. Tacon
Fishery Resources Officer (Feed Specialist)
Fishery Resources and Environment Division
FAO Fisheries Department

The designations employed and the presentation of material in this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries.

M-42
ISBN 92-5-103267-X

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FOOD AND AGRICULTURE ORGANIZATION OF THE UNITED NATIONS Rome, 1992
© FAO


PREPARATION OF THIS DOCUMENT

This is the revised version of FAO/UNDP Field Document ADCP/REP/85/22, one of a series of reports periodically produced by the FAO Fishery Resources and Environment Division to help to meet the needs of aquaculture workers of Member Countries for synthesis of information in the field of aquaculture.

The report is based on the lecture text presented by the author to the trainees of the FAO International Training Course on Fish Disease Diagnosis organized by Project GCP/INT/526/JPN in Coyhaique, Chile from 23 November to 5 December 1992.

The information contained within the report is a synthesis of published data from a wide variety of sources relating to the morphological signs of dietary nutrient deficiency and toxicity in fish and, as such, constitutes a useful reference source and handbook for persons or parties engaged with the feeding of fish with nutritionally complete diets within clear-water intensive farming systems.

Distribution:

FAO Fisheries Department
FAO Regional Fisheries Officers
FAO Aquaculture Projects
GFCM
CIFA
CECAF
IPFC
COPESCAL
EIFAC

Tacon, A.G.J.
Nutritional fish pathology. Morphological signs of nutrient deficiency and toxicity in farmed fish.
FAO Fish Technical Paper. No. 330. Rome, FAO. 1992. 75 p.
ABSTRACT
The paper summarizes the major nutritional pathologies which have been reported in farmed fish. Morphological signs of nutrient deficiency and toxicity are presented and discussed under the following headings, 1) disorders in protein, lipid, mineral and vitamin nutrition, 2) endogenous anti-nutritional factors present in plant foodstuffs, and 3) adventitious toxic factors present in foodstuffs.

Hyperlinks to non-FAO Internet sites do not imply any official endorsement of or responsibility for the opinions, ideas, data or products presented at these locations, or guarantee the validity of the information provided. The sole purpose of links to non-FAO sites is to indicate further information available on related topics.

CONTENTS

1.INTRODUCTION
2.DISORDERS IN PROTEIN NUTRITION
 2.1 Dietary essential amino acid deficiency
 2.2 Toxic amino acids
3.DISORDERS IN LIPID NUTRITION
 3.1 Dietary essential fatty acid deficiency
 3.2 Dietary essential fatty acid toxicity
 3.3 Toxic non-essential fatty acids
 3.4 Oxidation of dietary lipids
4.DISORDERS IN MINERAL NUTRITION
 4.1 Dietary essential mineral deficiency
 4.2 Dietary mineral toxicity
5.DISORDERS IN VITAMIN NUTRITION
 5.1 Dietary vitamin deficiency
 5.2 Dietary vitamin toxicity
6.ENDOGENOUS ANTI-NUTRITIONAL FACTORS PRESENT IN PLANT FOODSTUFFS
7.ADVENTITIOUS TOXIC FACTORS PRESENT IN FOODSTUFFS
8.CONCLUDING REMARKS
 REFERENCES
 ANNEX