HYDROGENATED POLY-1-DECENE

	Prepared at the 53rd JECFA (1999) and published in FNP 52 Add 7 (1999), superseding specifications prepared at the 49th JECFA (1997), published in FNP 52 Add 5 (1997).
SYNONYMS	Hydrogenated polydec-1-ene, Hydrogenated poly--olefin, PAO, INS No. 907
DEFINITION	Hydrogenated poly-1-decene is a mixture of isoparaffinic molecules of known structure, prepared by hydrogenation of mixtures of tri-, tetra-, penta- and hexa-1-decenes.
C.A.S. number	68037-01-4
Chemical formula	C10nH20n+2, where n = 3 - 6
Formula weight	550 (average)
Assay	Not less than 97.0% of hydrogenated poly-1-decene, having the following oligomer distribution: C30: 16 - 35% C40: 42 - 61% C50: 12 - 23 % C60: 1 - 9%
DESCRIPTION	Colourless, odourless, viscous liquid.
FUNCTIONAL USES	Glazing agent, release agent
CHARACTERISTICS
IDENTIFICATION
Solubility (FNP 5)	Insoluble in water; slightly soluble in ethanol; soluble in toluene
Burning	The product burns with bright flame and a paraffin-like characteristic smell.
Viscosity	6 cSt (100�) See description under TESTS
PURITY
Hydrogenated decene dimer	Not more than 3.0 % (calculated as C20 oligomer) See METHOD OF ASSAY
Readily carbonisable substances	Passes test See description under TESTS
Nickel (FNP 5)	Not more than 1 mg/kg
Lead (FNP 5)	Not more than 1 mg/kg Prepare a sample solution as directed for organic compounds in the Limit Test and determine by atomic absorption spectroscopy (FNP 5)
TESTS
PURITY TESTS
Viscosity, 100�	Use a viscometer of the glass capillary type, calibrated and capable of measuring kinematic viscosity with a repeatability exceeding 0.35% only in one case in twenty. Immerse the viscometer in a liquid bath at the temperature required for the test � 0.1� ensuring that at no time of the measurement will any portion of the sample in the viscometer be less than 20 mm below the surface of the bath liquid or less than 20 mm above the bottom of the bath. Charge the viscometer with sample in the manner dictated by the design of the instrument. Allow the sample to remain in the bath for about 30 min. Where the design of the viscometer requires it, adjust the volume of sample to the mark. Use pressure to adjust the head level of the sample to a position in the capillary arm of the instrument about 5 mm ahead of the first mark. With the sample flowing freely, measure, in seconds (�0.2 sec), the time required for the meniscus to pass from the first to the second timing mark. If the time is less than 200 s, select a viscometer with a capillary of smaller diameter and repeat the operation. Make a second measurement of the flow time. If two measurements agree within 0.2%, use the average for calculating the kinematic viscosity. If the measurements do not agree, repeat the determination after thoroughly cleaning and drying the viscometer. Viscosity, 100� (mm2/sec) = C x t where C = calibration constant of the viscometer (mm2/sec2) t = flow time (sec)
Readily carbonizable substances	Place 5g of the sample in a glass-stoppered test tube that has previously been cleaned with a chromic acid cleaning solution, rinsed with water and dried in an oven (105�, 1h). Add 5 ml of sulfuric acid TS, and place in a boiling water bath. After the test tube has been in the bath for 30 sec, remove quickly, and while holding the stopper in place, give three vigorous vertical shakes over an amplitude of about 10 cm. Repeat every 30 sec. Do not keep the test tube out of the bath longer than 3 sec for each shaking period. At the end of 10 min from the time when first placed in the water bath, remove the test tube. The sample remains unchanged in colour, and the acid does not become darker than a very slight straw colour (Matching Fluid E , see FNP 5). No black material occurs at the interface between the two layers.
METHOD OF ASSAY	Hydrogenated poly-1-decene, oligomer distribution and the content of hydrogenated decene dimer. Determine by gas-liquid chromatography using the following conditions: Column: Capillary column, 16 m x 0.53 mm Column film: Nonpolar (polydimethyldisiloxane), thickness 0.1 �m, e.g. OV-1, DB 1 Column temperature: - initial: 35�, 1 min - 35� - 50�, 5�/min - 50� - 170�, 12�/ min - 170� - 310�, 10�/min final: 310�, 45 min Carrier - gas: Helium - flow: 10 ml/min Injector pressure: 1.5 psi at 35�, constant flow Detector: FID Injection temperature: 35� Sample size: 2 �l Calibration: Calibrate the instrument using a solution with known composition containing about 1.0 % of n-tetradecane, 1.0% of n-hexadecane and 1.0% of squalane (2,6,10,15,19,23-hexamethyl tetracosane) in pentane. The differences between peak areas of the compounds should be less than 10.0% and the resolution between tetradecane and n-hexadecane should be between 2 and 5. Calculate the resolution (R) from the distance between n-tetradecane and n-hexadecane peaks at the peak maxima (d) and the width of the peaks at the baseline (Y): R = [2(d1 - d2)/(Y1 - Y2)]. Sample preparation: Take a small amount of the sample into an automatic pipette. Place a drop of the sample in 1.00 ml of pentane, and mix well. Record the chromatogram for about 45 min. Retention times: The retention times for C20, C30, C40, C50 and C60 are usually about 10.5, 16, 20, 23 and 26 min. Calculation: Calculate the level of hydrogenated decene dimer and the oligomer distribution by the method of area percentages (area normalization). Calculate the percentage of hydrogenated poly-1-decene in the sample taken by the formula: 100 A/T where A = the sum of peak areas for C30, C40, C50 and C60 T = the sum of all peak areas eluting in 45 min
(Viscosity, 100� ASTM D 445)	Adapted, with permission, from the Annual Book of ASTM Standards, copyright American Society for Testing and Materials, 100 Harbor Drive, West Conshohocken, PA 19428. Copies of the complete ASTM standard may be purchased direct from ASTM, phone: 610-832-9585, fax: 610-832-9555, e-mail: [email protected], website: http://www.astm.org