Trends of consumption (utilization)
Was it ever so that NWFP, especially the plant-based products, were used mostly by the tribal communities in Suriname, currently NWFP are being utilised by all sections of the population. The products are being used as medicines, cosmetics, spices, food, in steam and/or hotwater baths, in rituals, etc.
3.1 Non Wood Forest Products (NWFP)
In this section a case study " The marketing and economic importance of Biodiversity in Suriname" was done in 1994 by Ms. Yvette E.A. Merton. The case study focused on the use of Non-wood Forest Products on a local level as food, medicinal plants, animals and other plants. Some of the results are summarised in table 1 and 2.
Table 1. Examples of Non-wood forest Products used at a Local level
Surinam Name |
Scientific name |
|
Fruits |
||
Kumbu |
Oenocarpus bacaba |
|
Kasju |
Anacardium occidentale |
|
Spices |
||
Masusa |
Renealmia apinia |
|
Nengrekondrepepre |
Aframomum melegueta |
|
Medicinal herbs |
||
Kunami |
Clibadium surinamense |
|
Neku |
Longchocarpus chrysochyllus |
|
Sneki – wiwiri |
Eryngium foetidum |
|
Isri – wiwiri |
Ceropteris calomelanos |
|
Colorants, dyestuffs |
||
Koesoewé |
Bixa orellana |
|
Oils |
||
Krappa-olie |
Carapa procera |
|
Hoepel-olie |
Copaifera guyanensis |
|
Walaba-olie |
Eperua falcata |
|
Maripa-olie |
Miximiliana maripa |
|
Awarra-olie |
Astrocaryum segregatum |
|
Medicinal plants |
||
Kwasibita |
Quassia amara |
|
Jarakopie |
Siparuna guyanensis |
Source: 3,4,6,7 Note: non-available data
Table 2. Mammals in the diet of forest-based- communities
Family |
Common name |
Scientific name |
Agoutidae |
Paca* |
Agouti paca |
Bradypodidae |
Three toed sloth |
Bradypus tridactylus |
Two toed sloth |
Choloepus didactylus |
|
Callithricidae |
Golden-handed or midas tamarin |
Saguinus midas |
Cebidae |
Brown capuchin monkey |
Cebus apella |
Common squirrel monkey |
Saimiri sciureus sciureus |
|
White-fronted capuchin monkey |
Cebus albifrons |
|
Guianan saki |
Pithecia pithecia |
|
Brown bearded saki |
Chiropotes satanus |
|
Red howler monkey* |
Alouatta seniculus |
|
Black spider monkey |
Ateles paniscus paniscus |
|
Cervidae |
Brown brocket deer* |
Mazama gouazoubira |
Red brocket deer* |
Mazama americana |
|
White-tailed deer |
Odocoileus virginianus |
|
Dasypodidae |
Six-banded armadillo |
Euphractus sexcinctus |
Nine-banded armadillo* |
Dasypus novemcinctus |
|
Giant armadillo* |
Priodontes giganteus |
|
Dasyproctidae |
Red rumped agouti |
Dasyprocta agouti |
Red acouchy |
Myoprocta acouchy |
|
Hydrochaeridae |
Capybara |
Hydrochaeris hydrochaeris |
Leporidae |
Brazilian rabbit or tapiti |
Sylvilagus brasiliensis |
Tapiridae |
Brazilian tapir* |
Tapirus terrestris |
Tayassuidae |
White-lipped pecarry* |
Tayassu pecari |
Collared peccary* |
Tayassu tajacu |
: Frequent used on a local level. Source: 4.
Note: For medicinal purposes the villagers are using about 300 spp. of the plants.
It is quite difficult to determine which are the most important non-wood forest products/species. Briefly some major uses and relative importance of non-wood forest products are given below in table 3 and 4.
Table 3. Non-wood forest products against fever and cold
Against fever |
Against cold |
Jarakopie (Siparuna guyanensis) |
Sneki – wiwiri (Eryngium foetidum) |
Sneki – wiwiri (Eryngium foetidum) |
Nengrekondrepepre (Aframomum melegueta) |
Kwasibita (Quassia amara) |
Source: 3,6,7 Note: non-available data
Table 4. Oils and their proper use
Product |
Use |
Krappa-olie (Carapa procera) |
Treatment for Hair |
Hoepel-olie (Copaifera guyanensis) |
Treatment for wounds |
Walaba-olie (Eperua falcata) |
Treatment for rheumatism |
Awara-olie (Astrocaryum segregatum) |
Treatment for hair and also as cooking oil |
Maripa-olie (Miximiliana maripa) |
Cooking oil |
Source: 3,6,7 Note: non-available data
The supply of the products mentioned above depends on the climate season and hunting season. Presently, there are no exact numbers or statistical data of these products with the exception of the export/trade of CITES-listed wild animals.
Suriname has ratified the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of the Flora and Fauna (CITES). Trade, export, and import are only possible by obtaining special CITES permits. Suriname has been a party since 15 February 1981.
Table 5. Unofficial export/trade data for CITES-listed wildlife (1995 – 1996)
Note: Total Quota = the total of the quotas for the species traded only; Total Exports =
From recorded export endorsements; Realization = percent of the total quota
used; FOB value = based on the minimum FOB values X total exports.
Year/Type/No. of species – Genera |
Total Quota |
Total Exports |
FOB value (US$) |
|||
1995 |
||||||
Birds (24) |
23,225 |
11,241 |
844,178 |
|||
Mammals (5) |
1,275 |
572 |
109,635 |
|||
Reptiles & Amphibians (13) |
55,715 |
17,665 |
280,705 |
|||
1996 |
||||||
Birds (25) |
25,411 |
8,134 |
618,609 |
|||
Mammals (9) |
1,625 |
794 |
298,102 |
|||
Reptiles & Amphibians (13) |
55,715 |
25,894 |
221,997 |
Source: 5 Note: For more detailed information see appendix 1 & 2.