Use of Fishmeal and Fish Oil in Aquafeeds: Further Thoughts on the Fishmeal Trap


FAO Fisheries Circular No. 975

FIPP/C975

by
Michael B. New
Consultant
and
Ulf N. Wijkström
Chief, Development Planning Service
Fishery Policy and Planning Division
FAO Fisheries Department

FOOD AND AGRICULTURE ORGANIZATION OF THE UNITED NATIONS
Rome, 2002

Table of Contents


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Table of Contents


PREPARATION OF THIS DOCUMENT

ABSTRACT

1. BACKGROUND

2. EARLIER STUDIES

3. METHODOLOGICAL APPROACH

3.1 Species raised on feeds that contain fishmeal and fish oil
3.2 Aquaculture production trend analysis
3.3 Feed conversion ratio
3.4 Proportion of production achieved through commercial aquafeeds
3.5 Fishmeal and fish oil inclusion rates

4. RESULTS OF THE CURRENT STUDY

5. DISCUSSION

5.1 Economic aspects

5.1.1 Introduction
5.1.2 Raw material for the fishmeal industry
5.1.3 The impact on production costs for cultured salmon and shrimp

5.2 Environmental and ethical factors
5.3 Safety, human health and the replacement of marine ingredients in aquafeeds

5.3.1 Quality of animal feeds and human health
5.3.2 Effects of quality concerns on the public image of aquaculture
5.3.3 Replacement of conventional marine ingredients

5.4 Nutritional value of fish
5.5 Other factors

6. SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS

7. REFERENCES

ANNEXES

1. Summarized results of earlier studies
2. Species involved in this study
3. Dioxins in aquafeeds and marine feed ingredient resources