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Australia


General Information

· Main climates: Subtropical Steppe and Semiarid, Subtropical Desert and Arid, Tropical Steppe and Semiarid, Tropical Desert and Arid, Tropical Wet and Dry, Subtropical Dry summer, Subtropical humid, Temperate Oceanic

· Total land area: 771 336 000 ha

· Internal renewable water resources: 343 km3

· Incoming water flow: km3

· GNP per capita, 1998: PPP$ 21 795

· Main food consumed: Meat, Wheat, Sugar & honey, Oil & fat, Milk

· Rice supply, 1999: 11.8 kg paddy/capita/year

Basic Statistics


1985

1990

1995

2000

RICE





Harvested area (T ha)

122

104

118

145

Yield (kg/ha)

7079

8838

8544

9655

Production (T t)

864

924

1015

1400

Imports (T t)

9.56

27.16

31.0

NA

Exports (T t)

341.4

424.2

541.8

NA

OTHERS





Population (M)

15.63

16.88

17.94

NA

Agr population (M)

0.93

0.93

0.89

NA

Irrigated agr area (T ha)

1700

1832

2400

NA

Fertilizer cons (T t)

1155

1163

1867

NA

Agr tractors in use (T units)

322.0

317.0

315.0

NA

Producing Zones and Cropping Seasons

Rice is planted once a year and mostly in New South Wales.

Cropping season

Planting

Harvesting

New South Wales

10

3-4

Production Practices

Rice is planted only under irrigated conditions, in large and highly mechanised farms. Direct seeding by drilling and broadcasting is the popular method of crop establishment. Rice crops are applied with adequate rate of fertilizers and other agro-chemicals for crop protection. Rice is grown in rotation with other crops and/or pasture over years. Rice varieties belong to japonica subspecies.

Variety Name

Released period

Other information

AMAROO

1987

Medium grain, very popular

BAHIA

1990-91

Medium arborio

BARU

1973

Medium long grain

BOGAN

1987

Medium grain

DOONGARA

1989

Hard long grain

CALORO

1950


CALROSE

1952


ECHUCA

1989

Medium grain

GOOLARAH

1991

Fragrant long grain

HARRA

1992

Medium arborio

ILLABONG

1993

Medium arborio

INGA

1973

Long grain

JARRAH

1993

Medium grain, Popular

KULU

1967

Long grain

M7

1983

Long grain

PELDE

1982

Long grain, Popular

TARRA 140

1976

Waxy

YR 73

1977-80

Long grain

YRF9



YRL34



The development and transfer of the Rice Integrated Crop Management system, which was named RICECHECK, has contributed to the steady yield increase since 1986. The following table shows the rice responses to fertilizer application.

Other information

Test range (kg/ha)

Control rate (kg/ha)

Control yield (t/ha)

Rate at Maximum yield (kg/ha)

Maximum yield (t/ha)

Nitrogen (N)

Reported in 94, Yanco, Birganbigil clay, variety Amaroo, 100% at PI

0-200

0

5.9

200

9.9

Reported in 94, Yanco, Birganbigil clay, variety Amaroo, 50% pre plant + 50% PI

0-200

0

5.9

200

13

Reported in 94, Yanco, Birganbigil clay, variety Amaroo, Preplant application 100%

0-200

0

5.9

200

13

Reported in?, Riverina, Now South Wales, Morang clay soils

0-44.8

0

10.3

22.4

11.25

Reported in?, New South Wales, Wellbriggie clay loam, with 90 P kg/ha

0-44.8

0

8.6

44.8

9.35

Reported in 87, New South Wales, variety Inga, N applied at PI

0-150

0

5.9

150

8.5

Reported in 87, New South Wales, variety Inga, N applied at preplanting

0-150

0

5.9

100

7.6

Reported in 86, Millaroo Research Station, BRIA, Queensland, Dry season, variety Newbonnet

0-280

0

5.3

140

11.1

Reported in 86, Millaroo Research Station, BRIA, Queensland, Dry season, variety Starbonnet

0-280

0

4.3

140

8.5

Reported in 87, Millaroo Research Station, BRIA, Queensland, Dry season, variety Newbonnet

0-280

0

5

210

9.9

Reported in 87, Millaroo Research Station, BRIA, Queensland, Dry season variety Starbonnet

0-280

0

3.8

210

7.2

Reported in 1992, Wunnamurra clay (Grey soils) average of 1982/83 and 19834/85 seasons

0-94

0

6.3

94

10.6

Reported in 1992, Mundiwa clay (Red-brown Earth) average of 1982/83 and 19834/85 seasons

0-94

0

7.4

75

10

Phosphorus (P2O5)

1960(?) New South Wales, Wellbriggie clay loam, with 90 N kg/ha

22.4-90

22.4

9.2

90

9.55

Constraints and Issues of Sustainable Production

There are several constraints to sustainable rice production in Australia. Followings are the major:

Changes in the international price of rice would have important effect on production. Also, rice production will be affected by the population's concern on environmental degradation.

Research and Development Institutes


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