| absorption | - | up-take of preservative by timber |
| air-drying | - | natural seasoning of wood in the open air |
| air-seasoning | - | see air-drying |
| bite | - | the distance the timber advances into the saw between each successive tooth |
| bow | - | defect of sawn timber, referring to the percentage of bend in longitudinal direction in relationship to overall length |
| breakdown saw | - | saw to make first cuts (ripping) into the log in order to convert it into sawn timber |
| breast bench | - | circular saw for edging and resawing |
| Bucking | - | cross-cutting of tree trunks to shorter logs |
| Butt | - | lower end of stem |
| cambium | - | wood forming layer of cells between phloem and xylem in trees (except in monocotyledons), immediately under bark, induces the secondary growth of trees |
| case hardening | - | seasoning defect of sawn timber, stress between adjacent layers of wood, which results in warping, when wood is further converted |
| cell collapse | - | seasoning defect of sawn timber, due to improper (too fast) drying. The inner cells of a board collapse and honeycombing occurs |
| coir | - | fibre of coconut husk |
| copra | - | dried meat of coconut |
| cortex | - | exposed outer layer of stem (conventionally bark) |
| cover crop | - | crop planted between palms to cover the soil and prevent growth of competing vegetation, usually legume which fixes nitrogen to soil |
| creosote | - | oily, black preservative based on coaltar |
| cup | - | seasoning defect of timber, bending of board in transversal direction |
| density | - | relationship of weight over volume of a matter at a given moisture content, given in g/cm3 or kg/m3 |
| diffusion | - | tendency of gases to fill related spaces in the same density |
| diffusion process | - | preservation process using the principle of diffusion |
| dipping | - | placing timber for a short time into a preservative solution in order to prevent fungus and insect attack during seasoning |
| dipping tank | - | tank filled with preservative for dipping |
| dry bulb | - | instrument to measure the relative humidity of the air, a dry and wet bulb thermometer and an air velocity of about 2 m/sec are required. The dry bulb thermometer is a normal thermometer. See wet bulb. |
| edging | - | ripping (resawing) of sawn boards in order to produce one or two longitudinal edges (cutting off of wane, bark etc.) |
| empty cell process | - | in preservation: also called Rueping process-initial air pressure preservative introduction-higher air pressure-atmospheric air pressure (sometimes vacuum): cell walls are coated with preservative |
| equilibrium | - | moisture content developing in a material in a certain climatic |
| moisture content | environment, depends on temperature and relative humidity | |
| feed per tooth | - | the length of the path through which the workpiece moves during cutting between the engagement of two consecutive cutting edges |
| feed speed | - | velocity with which timber is fed into a saw, measured in m/minute fibre saturation |
| fibre saturation point | - | moisture content at which the wood fibres are saturated with water, generally around 30 %, in coconut palm wood at 24 % |
| frame-saw | - | see gangsaw |
| full cell process | - | preservation: application of vacuum-application of pressure: the entire cell is filled with preservative |
| gangsaw | - | machine with various saw-blades sawing parallel to each other and cutting in same motion |
| grading | - | sorting of timber according to its defects and/or later uses |
| gullet | - | area of saw-blade between two teeth carrying the sawdust |
| harvesting step | - | steps hewn in cortex of coconut palms in order to facilitate climbing and harvesting |
| headrig | - | see breakdown saw |
| high speed steel | - | tool steel with high amount of Tungsten (up to 20 %) and carbon |
| honey combing | - | seasoning defect of timber, interior checks appearing on cross sections like honey combs |
| hook angle | - | angle at which the face of the saw tooth contacts the material to be cut |
| inserted tooth | - | throw away tooth which can be inserted into slots in gullets of a circular saw |
| Janka | - | Austrian scientist who established a relationship between hardness and crushing strength of wood and introduced a hardness testing method |
| jockey grinder | - | transportable grinding machine for circular saws, driven by an electrical motor attached, which can be mounted on saw-blade |
| kerf | - | width of wood removed by the saw |
| kiln-drying | - | drying in an oven |
| legume | - | plant which absorbs by symbiosis with bacteria atmospheric nitrogen and fixes it in its tissue |
| log skid | - | log deck, area in sawmill between log-yard and saw |
| log-yard | - | area for dry storage of logs before sawing |
| man-hour | - | work one man can do in one hour |
| mild steel | - | steel with lower carbon content (1 – 3 %) |
| monocotyledon | - | botanical class under Angiospermae, to which, e.g., all grasses, cereals and palms belong |
| oven-dry | - | bone-dry, 0 % moisture content |
| paren-chyma | - | storage tissue in wood |
| phloem | - | cellsystem for transportation of assimilates |
| pitch | - | shortest distance between two tooth points |
| pith | - | innermost portion of stem, core |
| quartering | - | sawing log into quarters over centre |
| resaw | - | secondary saw in sawmill for ripping timber coming from headrig and edging |
| retention | - | amount of preservative kept in wood after treatment (in kg/m3) |
| rig | - | set of sawmill equipment |
| ripping | - | sawing log lengthwise |
| sap | - | preservation of timber in log form, where preservative is forced into the displacement bole from butt end by pressure and displaces the water in the log. The water is flowing out at the top end |
| saw doctor | - | specialist trained in sharpening and maintenance of saws |
| sawgauge | - | thickness of saw-blade |
| saw guides | - | a supporting device placed on both sides of saw-blade near rim or tooth ground to prevent the saw from deviating of the line while cutting |
| sclerenchyma | - | hard "skeleton" cells with thick cell walls, often containing silica, which ensheath the vascular bundles in coconut palm stems |
| seasoning | - | drying |
| sharpness angle | - | angle in which saw tooth is formed, between tooth face and back |
| skidding | - | hauling of logs from point of felling to point of loading |
| skidding bar | - | horizontal steel bar behind tractor with slots to insert skidding chain |
| slab | - | board cut from the outside of a stem, which due to its curvature (wane) and bark percentage is of no use as sawn timber |
| spring | - | seasoning defect of sawn timber |
| stellite | - | alloy of cobalt (40 – 50%) with other metals, used for hardening saw teeth |
| swage | - | shaping of saw teeth by compression to provide equal side clearance on both sides |
| swage cup | - | dent developed due to swaging |
| through and through sawing | - | sawing a log with parallel longitudinal cuts |
| top clearance angle | - | angle between tangent to tooth point and tooth back |
| tungsten carbide | - | very hard, but brittle alloy with high amount of tungsten, used for saw teeth tips which cut hard woods, particle boards etc. |
| twist | - | seasoning defect, timber is turned a round its longitudinal axis |
| vascular bundles | - | strands of phloem and xylem cells embedded in parenchymatous cells and sheathed by sclerenchyma cells which are the transport systems and skeleton of monocotyledons |
| wane | - | unsquared (round) edge of board, usually with bark |
| wet bulb | - | see dry bulb: thermometer tip is wrapped in cloth. Evaporation reduces the temperature. Difference dry bulb-wet bulb indicates the relative humidity |
| xylem | - | cell system transporting the water through the stem |
