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5. CURRENT AND EMERGING TRENDS IN THE LIVESTOCK FEEDING SECTOR


5.1 West Africa

The production of cereals, particularly maize, cassava, other roots, soybeans and groundnuts in this region is shown in Table 10. Nigeria leads in terms of production of the listed crops. It is particularly the leading producer of cassava for the region and globally with a production of 32 586 000 tonnes in 2000. Ghana, Côte d'Ivoire and Burkina Faso record 8 107 000, 1 673 000 and 2 000 metric tonnes respectively for the same period. The import and export figures for those crops as shown in Table 11 show a consistent but low import of cereals and particularly maize. Cassava import is minimal and it was non-existent by 2000. Cassava is also not exported in any of the listed countries except for Côte d'Ivoire which recorded an export of 1 000 metric tonnes of cassava in 1995. The domestic utilization of these crops as shown in Table 12 reveals a rising trend in the use of cassava for livestock feed in Nigeria from 1 162 000 metric tonnes in 1991 to 1 629 000 metric tonnes in 2000. For Ghana cassava usage also increased from 114 000-162 000 metric tonnes for the same period. Côte d'Ivoire recorded 74 000 metric tonnes for feed in 1991 increasing to 84 000 tonnes in 2000. Burkina Faso showed no indication for use of cassava in livestock feed for the ten year study period. The quantity of maize used for livestock feed in Nigeria fluctuated between 1 642 000 and 2 026 000 tonnes. A similar trend is observed in Ghana while Côte d'Ivoire showed an increase from 60 000 tonnes in 1995 to 90 000 tonnes in 2000. Burkina Faso however, recorded no usage of cereals or storage roots in livestock feed indicating a largely extensive system of livestock rearing with insignificant compound feed usage.

Expressing feed usage as a percentage of total production (Table 13) shows that maize used for livestock feed stands at 20 percent of total domestic production while cassava stood at 5 percent of the total in Nigeria. In Ghana maize and cassava is 6 and 2 percent of production respectively. Côte d'Ivoire records about 10 and 5 percent respectively while in Burkina Faso maize and cassava were not used for livestock feeding.

It is noteworthy that crop wastes as shown in Table 13 indicate a substantial portion of crop produced which is wasted on farm or as agro-industrial by-products in all the countries being studied. Cassava wastes in Nigeria, Ghana Côte d'Ivoire and Burkina Faso represent 52, 44, 5 and 0 percent respectively, for 1991 and correspond to 52, 38.3, 5 and 0 percent respectively, for 2000 as shown in Table 13. Some quantities of these wastes might have been used for animal feeding as supplements. However, they show potential for their incorporation into feeds in the respective countries.

Table 10. Production ('000 metric tonnes) of cereals, root crops and oil seeds in selected West African countries (1991-2000)

Indices

Nigeria

Ghana

Côte d'Ivoire

Burkina Faso

Crop Production





1991





Cereals

17 541

1 386

1 020

2 242

Maize

5 810

932

497

325

Cassava

6 004

5 701

1 785

3

Roots

829

1 297

312

36

Soybean

145

-

4

0

Groundnut

953

47

91

69

1995





Cereals

21 250

1 730

1 155

2 280

Maize

6 931

1 034

552

212

Cassava

31 404

6 612

1 608

2

Roots

1 182

1 383

246

64

Soybean

287

-

3

3

Groundnut

1 105

118

100

126

2000





Cereals

21 965

1 628

1 583

2 252

Maize

5 609

1 013

693

726

Cassava

32 586

8 107

1 673

2

Roots

3 910

1 625

365

55

Soybean

430

-

3

3

Groundnut

2 050

140

101

118

Source: FAOSTAT

Table 11. Crop import and export ('000 metric tonnes) in selected West African countries (1991-2000)

Indices

Nigeria

Ghana

Côte d'Ivoire

Burkina Faso

Crop Imports (Export)





1991





Cereals

832 (0)

44 (0)

676 (36)

227 (0)

Maize

0 (0)

20 (0)

23 (30)

50 (0)

Cassava

2 (0)

0 (1)

0 (0)

- (0)

Roots

0 (0)

0 (0)

- -

- (0)

Soybean

0 (0)

- -

0 (0)

0 (1)

Groundnut

0 (0)

0 (0)

3 (0)

0 (5)

1995





Cereals

1 038 (77)

279 (0)

739 (6)

139 (3)

Maize

2 (0)

16 (0)

22 (2)

22 (0)

Cassava

2 (0)

0 (-)

0 (1)

-3 (-)

Roots

- (0)

0 (0)

- (0)

1 (0)

Soybean

0 (0)

- (-)

0 (0)

0 (0)

Groundnut

0 (0)

0 (0)

4 (1)

0 (-)

2000





Cereals

3 098 (29)

501 (3)

840 (21)

212 (13)

Maize

7 (20)

7 (1)

20 (3)

2 (2)

Cassava

- (0)

0 (8)

0 (0)

- -

Roots

0 (0)

0 (0)

- (5)

1 (0)

Soybean

3 (0)

0 (0)

0 (0)

- -

Groundnut

4 (0)

0 (0)

0 (1)

0 (0)

Source: FAOSTAT. Export figures are in parenthesis

Table 12. Utilization of crops ('000 metric tonnes) for livestock feed and their wastages in selected West African countries (1991-2000)

Indices

Nigeria

Ghana

Côte d'Ivoire

Burkina Faso

Feed/wastes





1991





Cereals

1 642 (3 496)

56 (238)

60 (160)

(207)

Maize

1 162 (1 229)

56 (155)

52 (85)

(25)

Cassava

1 300 (3 448)

114 (2 501)

74 (74)

(0)

Roots

- (249

- (260)

- (34)

(4)

Soybean

- (29)

- -

- (0)

(0)

Groundnut

- (65)

- (48)

0 (9)

(3)

1995





Cereals

2 026 (4 389)

63 (293)

62 (205)

- (207)

Maize

1 386 (1 467)

63 (172)

55 (91)

- (21)

Cassava

21 570 (16 241)

132 (2701)

80 (80)

- (0)

Roots

0(355)

- -

- -

- (6)

Soybean

0 (57)

- (-)

- (10)

- (2)

Groundnut

0 (74)

- (4)

- (0)

- (0)

2000





Cereals

1 843 (4 511)

61 (277)

90 (271)

- (216)

Maize

1 122 (1 187)

61 (169)

81 (134)

- (43)

Cassava

1 629 (16 852)

162 (3101)

84 (84)

- (0)

Roots

- (1173)

162 (3101)

- (56)

- (5)

Soybean

- (87)

- (-)

- (0)

- (0)

Groundnut

- (139)

11 (4)

- (9)

- (7)

Figure ('000 metric tonnes) for wastes are in parenthesis
Source: FAOSTAT

Table 13. Percentage utilization of crops for livestock feed and their wastages in selected West African countries (1991-2000)

Indices

Nigeria

Ghana

Côte d'Ivoire

Burkina Faso

1991





Cereals

4.4 (20)

4 (17.1)

6 (16)

- (9.2)

Maize

20 (21.2)

6 (15)

10.5 (17.1)

- (7.7)

Cassava

5 (52)

2 (44)

5 (5)

- (0)

Roots

- (30)

- (20)

- (10)

- (11.1)

Soybean

- (20)

- -

- (0)

- (0)

Groundnut

- (7)

- (49)

0 (9.9)

- (4.3)

1995





Cereals

9.5 (21)

4 (17)

5.4 (17)

- (9.1)

Maize

20 (21)

6 (17)

9.9 (16.5)

- (9.9)

Cassava

5 (52)

2 (41)

5 (5)

- (0)

Roots

0 (30)

- -

- -

- (9.4)

Soybean

0 (20)

- -

- (4)

- (66.6)

Groundnut

0 (7)

- (3.4)

- (0)

- (0)

2000





Cereals

8.4 (20.5)

4 (17)

5.7 (17.1)

- (9.6)

Maize

20 (52)

6 (17)

11.7 (19.3)

- (6)

Cassava

5 (52)

2 (38.3)

5 (5)

- (0)

Roots

- (30)

- -

- (14.5)

- (9)

Soybean

- (20.2)

- -

- (0)

- (0)

Groundnut

- (6.8)

8 (3)

- (8.9)

- (6)

Percentages for wastes are in parenthesis
Source: FAOSTAT

5.2 East Africa

Crop production as shown in Table 14 indicates United Republic of Tanzania as the leading producer of cassava in the region reaching 4 152 000 metric tonnes in 2000 while the Sudan produced at least 9 000 metric tonnes for the same period. Utilization of cassava for livestock feed (Table 16) shows that only United Republic of Tanzania and Uganda used this root crop for livestock feeds with Uganda reaching 1 342 000 metric tonnes in 1995 and decreasing by about half to 556 000 metric tonnes in 2000. Maize utilization for feed shows United Republic of Tanzania leading with usage of 130 000 in 2000. No maize was used for feed production in Kenya for the same period although other cereals totalling 114 000 tonnes were used. When expressed as a percentage of total production, Uganda recorded the highest at between 25-27 percent of cassava being used for feed between 1991 and 2000. For United Republic of Tanzania cassava used was only 0.5 percent of total production. Ethiopia, Kenya and the Sudan depend solely on cereals as an energy component of feed with levels of maize usage ranging from 3.6 percent of production in Ethiopia in 2000 to 3.8 percent of production in the Sudan for the same period. The trend in maize usage in the region shows a decline between 1991 and 2000 (Table 17). The percentage of production that is wasted shows that cassava figures ranged from 2.66 percent in United Republic of Tanzania to 10.1 percent in Uganda for 2000. Maize wastage also gives a similar trend in all countries of the region. The percentages recorded as waste for maize and cassava are lower than those in West Africa as cited earlier.

5.3 Central Africa

Crop production (Table 18) shows Cameroon as the leading producer of maize and cassava followed by Chad and lastly the D.R. of the Congo in this region. Soybean production is nil in the region while production of groundnut is highest in Chad followed by Cameroon and lastly by the D.R. of the Congo. Import and export of these commodities (Table 19) show that only maize but not cassava is imported by these three countries. Other roots are also exported: 1 000 metric tonnes in the D.R. of the Congo and only 1 000 metric tonnes of soybeans in Cameroon. Export trend shows a reduction in cereal export in the Cameroon from 3 000 in 1999 to 2 000 metric tonnes in 2000. No significant export for maize, cassava and the pulses occurred in the three countries for the ten year study period.

Utilization of these commodities for livestock feed in the three countries shows an interesting trend (Table 20). For the Cameroon, cassava usage for livestock feed far exceeds that of maize with the quantity fluctuating between 150 000 and 162 000 metric tonnes as compared with maize recording 5 000 metric tonnes for the ten year period. Usage of cassava in the D.R. of the Congo was 2 000 metric tonnes as compared with zero usage of maize for the same period. Similarly for Chad cassava usage was between 13 000 and 17 000 metric tonnes as compared with 3 000-6 000 tonnes for maize during the same period. Soybeans and groundnut were not recorded for use as livestock feed in the three countries.

Wastage of cassava in Cameroon, the D.R. of the Congo and Chad reveal 15, 2.2 and 5.2 percent wastes of production for cassava, respectively in 1991. For 2000 wastage was 15, 10.9 and l5 percent of production as shown in Table 21. These show high potentials for cassava usage particularly in the Cameroon.

Table 14. Production ('000 metric tonnes) of cereals, root crops and oil seeds in selected east African countries (1991-2000)

Crop production

Kenya

Uganda

Tanzania

Ethiopia

Sudan

1991






Cereals

2 757

4 637

3 569

1 556

N/A

Maize

2 340

61

2 332

567

N/A

Cassava

761

8

7 460

3 229

N/A

Roots, other

10

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

Soybean

N/A

N/A

2

59

N/A

Groundnuts

12

126

49

101

N/A

1995






Cereals

2 644

3 330

3 802

2 076

9 691

Maize

2 200

53

2 551

1 096

3 306

Cassava

950

10

5 758

4 966

N/A

Roots, other

10

N/A

N/A

N/A

3 480

Soybean

N/A

N/A

2

120

25

Groundnuts

21

663

52

97

10

2000






Cereals

3 255

3 305

4 552

2 004

6 740

Maize

2 699

21

2 874

913

1 990

Cassava

840

9

5 969

2 224

N/A

Roots, other

10

N/A

N/A

N/A

3 200

Soybean

N/A

N/A

2

79

22

Groundnuts

8

517

50

101

6

Source: FAOSTAT
N/A = Data not available

Table 15. Crop import and export ('000 metric tonnes) in selected east African countries (1991-2000)

Export/import

Kenya

Sudan

Tanzania

Uganda

Ethiopia

1991






Cereals

325 (53)

1 229 (0)

149 (7)

32 (34)

-

Maize

0 (21)

15 (0)

2 (7)

0 (33)

-

Cassava

0 (0)

- -

0 (164)

0 (0)

-

Roots, other

0 (0)

- -

- -

- -)

-

Soybean

3 (0)

- -

0 (1)

0 (2)

-

Groundnuts

0 (0)

0 (7)

0 (17)

0 (0)

-

1995






Cereals

1 186 (29)

868 (26)

500 (25)

220 (16)

347 (221)

Maize

417 (7)

21 (0)

55 (10)

19 (9)

12 (0)

Cassava

1 (0)

- -

0 (2)

2 (0)

- -

Roots, other

1 (0)

- -

0 (0)

0 (0)

- -

Soybean

4 (0)

- -

0 (0)

0 (0)

0 (-)

Groundnuts

1 (0)

0 (9)

0 (0)

0 (0)

- (0)

2000






Cereals

347 (221)

408 (349)

235 (0)

164 (103)

649 (35)

Maize

41 (140)

0 (12)

81 (0)

61 (88)

25 (0)

Cassava

0 (0)

- -

0 (15)

0 (0)

- -

Roots, other

0 (0)


- -

0 (0)

- -

Soybean

0 (0)


0 (0)

5 (4)

0 (-)

Groundnuts

0 (0)

0 (5)

0 (0)

0 (0)

- (-)

Source: FAOSTAT
Export figures are in parenthesis

Table 16. Utilization of crops ('000 metric tonnes) and their wastage in selected east African countries (1991-2000)

Food/wastage

Kenya

Sudan

Tanzania

Uganda

Ethiopia

1991






Cereals

105 (96)

96 (214)

155 (337)

160 (157)

NA

Maize

90 (69)

- (0)

140 (236)

65 (77)

NA

Cassava

- (23)

- (1)

37 (377)

807 (320)

NA

Roots, other

- (1)

- -

- -

- -

NA

Soybean

- -

- -

- (0)

- (3)

NA

Groundnuts

- (1)

- (14)

- (2)

- (7)

NA

2000






Cereals

98 (424)

112 (212)

136 (285)

202 (214)

120 (546)

Maize

80 (384)

2 (5)

120 (165)

111 (133)

120 (166)

Cassava

- (28)

- (1)

29 (153)

1 342 (500)

- -

Roots, other

- (1)

- -

- -

- -

- (348)

Soybean

- -

- -

- (0)

- (6)

- (1)

Groundnuts

- (1)

- (69)

- (3)

- (7)

- (0)

1995






Cereals

114 (114)

82 (214)

154 (700)

198 (199)

100 (382)

Maize

0 (-)

2 (4)

130 (553)

95 (112)

100 (116)

Cassava

- (25)

- (1)

30 (142)

556 (222)

- -

Roots, other

- (1)

- -

- -

- -

- (320)

Soybean

- -

- -

- (0)

- (4)

- (1)

Groundnuts

- (0)

- (66)

- (3)

- (7)

- (0)

Source: FAOSTAT
Figures ('000 metric tonnes) for wastes are in parenthesis

Table 17. Percentage utilization of crops for livestock feed and their wastages in selected east African countries (1991-2000)

Export/import

Kenya

Sudan

Tanzania

Uganda

Ethiopia

1991






Cereals

4 (3.5)

7.8 (17.4)

4.3 (9.5)

10.3 (10)

NA

Maize

3.9 (3)

- (0)

6 (10.1)

11.5 (13.6)

NA

Cassava

- (3)

- (12.5)

0.5 (5.1)

25 (10)

NA

Roots, other

- (10)

- -

- -

- -

NA

Soybean

- (-)

- -

- (0)

- (5.1)

NA

Groundnuts

- (8.3)

- (11.1)

- (4.1)

- (7)

NA

1995






Cereals

35 (35)

2.5 (6.5)

3 (15.4)

10 (10)

1.5 (6%)

Maize

0 (-)

9.5 (24)

5.0 (1.9)

10.4 (12.3)

5 (6)

Cassava

- (3)

- (11.1)

0.5 (3)

25 (10)

- -

Roots, other

- (10)

- -

- -

- -

- (10)

Soybean

- -

- -

- (0)

- (5.1)

- (5)

Groundnuts

- (0)

- (13.3)

- (6)

- (3)

- (0)

2000






Cereals

4 (16)

3.4 (6.4)

3.6 (7.5)

9.7 (10.3)

1.24 (5.6)

Maize

0 (17.5)

3.8 (4)

5 (6.5)

10.1 (12.1)

3.6 (5)

Cassava

- (3)

- (10)

0.5 (2.66)

27 (10.1)

- -

Roots, other

- (10)

- -

- (-)

- -

- (10)

Soybean

- (-)

- -

- (0)

- (5)

- (4)

Groundnuts

- (5)

- (10.4)

- (5.8)

- (7.2)

- (0)

Source: FAOSTAT
Percentages for wastes are in parenthesis

Table 18. Production ('000 metric tonnes) of cereals, root crops and oil seeds in selected countries of Central Africa (1991-2000)

Indices

Cameroon

Congo, D.R. of

Chad

1991




Cereals

483

6

773

Maize

495

5

48

Cassava

1 622

585

270

Roots, other

548

32

30

Soybean

0

-

-

Groundnut

66

19

161

1995




Cereals

1 168

9

881

Maize

618

8

63

Cassava

1 780

747

268

Roots, other

750

40

38

Soybean

0

-


Groundnut

82

19

205

2000




Cereals

1 388

7

1 133

Maize

850

6

87

Cassava

1 500

828

342

Roots, other

541

35

38

Soybean

0

-


Groundnut

66

16

233

Source: FAOSTAT

Table 19. Crop import and export (000 metric tonnes) in selected countries of Central African (1991-2000)

Indices

Cameroon

Congo, D.R. of

Chad

1991




Cereals

326 (31)

122 (0)

73 (0)

Maize

22 (0)

0 (-)

0 (-)

Cassava

0 (0)

0 (0)

- (-)

Roots, other

0 (0)

0 (-)

0 (-)

Soybean

0 (0)



Groundnut

0 (0)

0 (0)

0 (0)

1995




Cereals

353 (1)

141 (0)

43 (0)

Maize

22 (0)

4 (-)

4 (-)

Cassava

0 (0)

0 (1)

- (-)

Roots, other

0 (4)

1 (-)

0 (-)

Soybean

0 (0)



Groundnut

0 (0)

1 (0)

0 (0)

2000




Cereals

417 (2)

230 (0)

52 (0)

Maize

25 (0)

12 (-)

0 (-)

Cassava

0 (1)

0 (1)

- (-)

Roots, other

0 (7)

1 (-)

0 (-)

Soybean

1 (0)

0 (-)


Groundnut

0 (0)

0 (0)

0 (0)

Source: FAOSTAT
Export figure are in parenthesis

5.4 South Africa

Production of cassava (Table 22) shows an increasing trend over the period 1991 to 2000 in all countries. Madagascar recorded highest production figures of 2 307 000 metric tonnes in 1991 and similar figures up to 2000. Cassava has recently become popular in South Africa with a total of 1 323 000 metric tonnes in 1991. Cassava production in Zambia is higher than in Malawi and Zimbabwe (Table 22). Importation of cereals particularly maize was on the increase in all countries between 1991 and 1995. By 2000 however, cereal/maize importation had dropped considerably except in Madagascar and Zimbabwe. Utilization of maize and cassava for feed as shown in Table 24 reveals that only maize but no cassava is used for livestock feed in Malawi, South Africa, Zambia and Zimbabwe. In Madagascar a tremendous proportion of cassava is in use for livestock feed and was much higher than maize used in the period 1991 to 2000. Expressed as a percentage of production, cassava as feed represents 10 percent of total production for the ten-year period (Table 25); maize on the other hand represents about 5 percent of total production used for feed. Cassava wastage in Madagascar represented 8.9 percent of production in 1991 declining to 3.1 percent in 2000. Some potential for use of cassava in Malawi, Zambia and Zimbabwe exists as wastage constitutes between 5 and 20 percent of production in these countries. With the large plantation of cassava cultivated in South Africa primarily for starch production, the pulp waste and peel from the industry have potential for livestock feeding in that country.

Table 20. Utilization of crops ('000 metric tonnes) for livestock feed and their wastages in selected countries of Central Africa (1991-2000)

Indices

Cameroon

Congo, D.R. of

Chad

1991




Cereals

5 (67)

0 (3)

14 (90)

Maize

5 (42)

- (0)

3 (5)

Cassava

162 (243)

2 (13)

14 (14)

Roots, other

112 (130)

- (-)

- (4)

Soybean

- (-)



Groundnut

- (9)

0 (1)

0 (40)

1995




Cereals

5 (81)

0 (3)

20 (104)

Maize

5 (49)

- (0)

6 (9)

Cassava

178 (267)

2 (10)

13 (13)

Roots, other

150 (252)

- (4)

- (6)

Soybean

- (-)



Groundnut

- (10)

- (1)

- (14)

2000




Cereals

5 (102)

0 (5)

25 (135)

Maize

5 (70)

- (0)

6 (9)

Cassava

150 (225)

2 (91)

17 (17)

Roots, other

108 (23)

- (4)

- (6)

Soybean

- (-)

- (-)


Groundnut

- (9)

- (0)

- (16)

Source: FAOSTAT
Figure ('000 metric tonnes) for wastes are in parenthesis

Table 21. Percentage utilization of crops for livestock feed and their wastages in selected countries of Central Africa (1991-2000)

Indices

Cameroon

Congo, D.R. of

Chad

1991




Cereals

0.5 (7)

0 (50)

1.8 (11.6)

Maize

0.1 (8.5)

- (0)

6.3 (10.4)

Cassava

9.9 (15)

0.34 (2.2)

5.2 (5.2)

Roots, other

20.4 (24)

- (-)

- (13.3)

Soybean

- -

- -

- -

Groundnut

- (13.6)

0 (5.3)

- (25)

1995




Cereals

0.4 (7)

0 (33.3)

2.3 (11.8)

Maize

0.81 (13.1)

0 (0)

9.5 (14.3)

Cassava

10 (15)

0.27 (1.4)

4.9 (4.9)

Roots, other

20 (33.6)

- (10)

- (15.8)

Soybean

- -

- -

- -

Groundnut

- (12.2)

- (5.3)

- (7)

2000




Cereals

0.36 (7.3)

0 (71.4)

2.2 (11.9)

Maize

0.59 (8.2)

- (0)

7 (10)

Cassava

10 (15)

0.242 (10.9)

5 (5)

Roots, other

20 (4.3)

- (11.4)

- (15.8)

Soybean

- -

- -

- -

Groundnut

- (13.6)

- (0)

- (7)

Source: FAOSTAT
Percentages for wastes are in parenthesis

Table 22. Production ('000 metric tonnes) of cereals, roots, crops and oil seed in selected South African countries (1991-2000)

Crop Production

Zambia

Malawi

Zimbabwe

South Africa

Madagascar

1991






Cereals

1 220

1 659

2 060

11 288

1 717

Maize

1 096

1 589

1 586

8 614

145

Cassava

682

168

100

1 323

2 307

Roots, others

-

0

-

-

115

Soybean

28

-

111

135

0

Groundnut

20

40

75

92

21

1995






Cereals

878

1 761

987

7 490

1 826

Maize

738

1 661

840

4 866

177

Cassava

744

328

150

-

2 400

Roots, others

-

0

-

-

140

Soybean

21

-

77

59

0

Groundnut

25

22

37

82

21

2000






Cereals

1 034

2 625

2 513

13 333

1 694

Maize

882

2 501

2 108

10 613

150

Cassava

815

900

175

-

2 228

Roots, others

-

0

-

-

190

Soybean

30

-

144

153

0

Groundnut

38

86

134

119

24

Source: FAOSTAT

Table 23. Crop import and export ('000 metric tonnes) in selected South African countries (1991-2000)

Crop Production

Zambia

Malawi

Zimbabwe

South Africa

Madagascar

1991






Cereals

60 (1)

218 (3)

42 (558)

1 550 (601)

86 (16)

Maize

44 (1)

152 (1)

1 (528)

158 (493)

3 (15)

Cassava

0 (0)

0 (1)

0 (0)

24 (0)

0 (16)

Roots, others

-

0 (0)


0 (0)

- (0)

Soybean

- (1)

-

0 (1)

5 (0)

0 (0)

Groundnut

- (4)

0 (1)

0 (3)

31 (22)

0 (1)

1995






Cereals

159 (2)

307 (9)

122 (471)

2 401 (1 883)

160 (7)

Maize

86 (2)

235 (3)

2 (312)

764 (1 619)

1 (7)

Cassava

0 (0)

0 (0)

0 (0)

13 (0)

0 (27)

Roots, others

0 (-)

0 (0)

0 (0)

50 (0)

- (0)

Soybean

1 (1)

0 (0)

6 (1)

173 (0)

0 (-)

Groundnut

0 (0)

0 (1)

1 (3)

51 (25)

0 (0)

2000






Cereals

15 (1)

65 (6)

123 (192)

1 854 (970)

335 (3)

Maize

2 (0)

2 (0)

24 (107)

255 (726)

6 (3)

Cassava

0 (0)

0 (1)

0 (0)

11 (0)

0 (0)

Roots, others

0 (-)

0 (0)

0 (0)

47 (0)

- (0)

Soybean

2 (11)

0 (3)

13 (40)

94 (3)

0 (-)

Groundnut

0 (0)

0 (0)

2 (4)

10 (27)

0 (0)

Source: FAOSTAT
Export figures are in parenthesis

Table 24. Utilization of crops ('000 metric tonnes) for livestock seed and their wastage in selected South African countries (1991-2000)

Feed/wastes

Zambia

Malawi

Zimbabwe

South Africa

Madagascar

1991






Cereals

62 (46)

81 (150)

154 (123)

3 705 (350)

187 (222)

Maize

60 (39)

80 (147)

150 (102)

3 200 (263)

7 (8)

Cassava

- (34)

- (20)

- (5)

- (-)

231 (206)

Roots, others

-

- (0)

-

0 (-)

34 (17)

Soybean

0 (1)

-

0 (2)

4 (4)

- (0)

Groundnut

0 (4)

- (3)

- (4)

- (4)

- (2)

1995






Cereals

44 (56)

174 (184)

207 (124)

3 972 (385)

108 (240)

Maize

42 (43)

170 (178)

204 (102)

3 517 (297)

8 (10)

Cassava

- (37)

- (28)

- (8)

- (-)

240 (166)

Roots, others

- (-)

- (0)

- (-)

- (-)

42 (21)

Soybean

- (0)

- (-)

- (2)

4 (-)

- (-)

Groundnut

- (3)

- (2)

- (2)

- (3)

- (1)

2000






Cereals

43 (56)

253 (193)

404 (129)

4 368 (415)

74 (237)

Maize

40 (47)

250 (187)

400 (108)

3 750 (326)

8 (10)

Cassava

- (41)

- (130)

- (9)

- (-)

223 (68)

Roots, others

- (-)

- (0)

- (-)

47 (-)

57 (34)

Soybean

- (1)

- (-)

- (3)

4 (7)

- (-)

Groundnut

- (4)

- (8)

- (7)

- (5)

- (1)

Source: FAOSTAT
Figures ('000 metric tonnes) for wastes are in parenthesis

Table 25. Percentage Utilization of Crops for Livestock Feed and their Wastages in selected South African countries (1991-2000)

Feed/wastes

Zambia

Malawi

Zimbabwe

South Africa

Madagascar

1991






Cereals

5.1 (4)

49 (9)

7.5 (6)

33 (3.1)

11 (13)

Maize

5.5 (3.6)

5.0 (9.3)

15 (6.43)

37.1 (3.1)

5 (5.5)

Cassava

- (5)

- (12)

- (5)

- (-)

10 (8.9)

Roots, others

- -

- (0)

- -

0 (-)

29.6 (15)

Soybean

0 (4)

- -

0 (2)

3 (3)

- (0)

Groundnut

0 (20)

- (7.5)

- (5.33)

- (4.3)

- (4.8)

1995






Cereals

5 (6.4)

9.9 (10.5)

21 (12.6)

53 (5.1)

6 (13)

Maize

5.4 (5.8)

10.2 (10.7)

24.3 (12.1)

72.3 (6.1)

4.5 (5.6)

Cassava

- (5)

- (8.5)

- (5.33)

- (-)

10 (7)

Roots, others

- (-)

- (0)

- (-)

- (-)

30 (15)

Soybean

- (0)

- (-)

- (2.6)

6.8 (11.9)

- (-)

Groundnut

- (12)

- (9.1)

- (5.4)

- (4)

- (4.8)

2000






Cereals

4.2 (5.4)

9.6 (7.4)

16.1 (5.1)

33 (3.1)

4.4 (14)

Maize

4.5 (5.3)

10 (7.5)

19 (5.1)

35.3 (3.1)

5.3 (6.7)

Cassava

- (5)

- (20)

- (5.1)

- (-)

10 (3.1)

Roots, others

- (-)

- (0)

- (-)

- (-)

30 (17.7)

Soybean

- (3.3)

- (-)

- (2.1)

3 (4.6)

- (-)

Groundnut

- (0.5)

- (9.3)

- (5.2)

- (4.2)

- (4.2)

Source: FAOSTAT
Percentages for wastes are in parenthesis.


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