The monospecific mangrove ecosystem (Avicennia marina) found in New Zealand is of particular interest because of its location close to the southern limits of the world mangrove distribution (38° 45’S, in Australia). The ecosystem has a relatively simple structure with . Avicennia marina occurring near harbours and in the estuaries of the northern third of the North Island. Mangrove productivity in New Zealand is considered to be as great as the more complex mangrove system of the tropics. There is one protected area with mangroves.
Spalding, M.D., Blasco, F. & Field, C.D., eds. 1997 World Mangrove Atlas. The International Society for Mangrove Ecosystems, Okinawa, Japan. 178 pp.
Year |
Area |
Source |
Trend |
Methodology/Comments |
1971 |
28 700 |
Spalding, M.D., Blasco, F. and Field, C.D., eds. 1997. World Mangrove Atlas. The International Society for Mangrove Ecosystems, Okinawa, Japan. 178 pp. |
X |
Map analysis. |
1980 |
19 830 |
Chapman. 1980. Personal communication. |
X |
Cited in: Snedaker, S.C. 1984. The Mangroves of Asia and Oceania: Status and Research Planning. In: proceedings of the Asian Symposium on Mangrove Environment Research and Management, p 5-15 Kuala Lumpur, August 25-29, 1980. Edited by E. Soepadmo, A.N. Rao and D.J. MacIntosh. 1984. Secondary reference, no primary source provided. The "Year" is the year of the conference. |
1989 |
19 400 |
Hackwell. 1989. New Zealand Mangroves. Department of Conservation, Wellington, New Zealand. 41 pp. |
Cited in: Spalding, M.D., Blasco, F. and Field, C.D., eds. 1997. World Mangrove Atlas. The International Society for Mangrove Ecosystems, Okinawa, Japan. 178 pp. | |
1996 |
22 200 |
Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry. 2001. Land Cover Database 1.
Table compiled by Policy Information Group, Ministry of Agriculture and
Forestry. http://www.maf.govt.nz/statistics/primaryi |
X |
Remote sensing |
