Table 1: Main suppliers of certified organic citrus and their products
2001 |
Estimated production (MT) |
Main products exported |
Remarks |
European Union |
290 000 |
oranges, tangerines, lemons |
see section IV.1 |
United States |
100-120 000 |
orange juice, oranges |
see section IV.2 |
Brazil |
100 000 |
orange juice (FCOJ, NFC) |
output growing |
Costa Rica |
50 000 |
orange juice (NFC) |
output stable |
Israel |
15-20 000 |
orange & grapefruit juices, grapefruit |
output stable |
Argentina |
7 000 |
oranges, lemons |
output growing |
Cuba |
6 000 |
conc. orange and grapefruit juices |
output growing |
South Africa |
4 000 |
oranges, grapefruit |
output growing |
Morocco |
3-5 000 |
oranges |
output growing |
Mexico |
n.a. |
oranges, limes, orange juice |
|
a. : data not available
Table 2: Estimated production of certified organic citrus in the EU (2001)
Country |
Oranges |
Tangerines |
Lemons |
Grapefruit |
Total citrus |
Italy |
100 000 |
56 000 |
66 000 |
n.a. |
222 000 |
Greece (*) |
27 300 |
3 400 |
5 700 |
2 200 |
38 600 |
Spain |
n.a. |
n.a. |
n.a. |
n.a. |
25-30 000 |
Total |
n.a. |
n.a. |
n.a. |
n.a. |
290 000 |
(*) figures for Greece include non-certified production
Source: FAO estimates
Table 3: Estimated exports of certified organic citrus from EU countries (2001)
Country |
Oranges |
Tangerines |
Lemons |
Grapefruit |
Total citrus |
Italy |
60 000 |
34 000 |
40 000 |
n.a. |
134 000 |
Greece |
5 000 |
100 |
4 000 |
0 |
9 100 |
Spain |
n.a. |
n.a. |
n.a. |
n.a. |
22-27 000 |
Total |
n.a. |
n.a. |
n.a. |
n.a. |
168 000 |
Source: FAO estimates
Table 4: Estimated net imports of fresh (1) organic citrus in selected EU countries (2000)
Country |
Total certified organic citrus (tonnes) |
Austria |
7-8 000 |
Belgium |
500-1 000 |
Denmark |
2 000 |
France |
9 000 |
Germany |
13 000 |
Netherlands |
7 000 |
Sweden |
500-1 000 |
UK |
8 000 |
Finland |
500 |
Ireland, Luxembourg |
500 |
Total |
48-50 000 |
(1) Does not include fresh citrus imported for processing Source: FAO (2001a)
Table 5: Example of import prices for fresh organic citrus in the UK in early 2003
Product |
Price (in British pounds per tonne, CIF UK) |
Oranges |
500 |
Easy-peelers |
600-650 |
Lemons |
550-600 |
Grapefruit |
500 |
Source: UK importer
Table 6: Average retail prices (€/kg) for certified organic and conventional oranges across EC countries in 2001
Country |
Organic orange price |
Average conventional orange price |
Organic price premium % | |
Austria |
1.54 |
1.11 |
39 | |
Denmark |
4.43 |
2.68 |
65 | |
Finland |
3.70 |
1.51 |
144 | |
France |
2.71 |
1.52 |
78 | |
Germany |
1.96 |
0.87 |
125 | |
Greece |
1.12 |
0.96 |
17 | |
Ireland |
3.16 |
1.67 |
89 | |
Italy |
1.61 |
1.16 |
39 | |
Luxembourg |
2.85 |
1.94 |
47 | |
Netherlands |
2.24 |
1.57 |
43 | |
Sweden |
2.12 |
1.91 |
11 | |
United Kingdom |
3.56 |
2.25 |
58 | |
Weighted EC average |
2.10 |
1.27 |
65 | |
Source: compiled from Hamm et al. 2002
Table 7: Market potential for fresh organic citrus in the EU-25 in 2010 (in tonnes)
Product |
Total consumption |
Potential consumption of organic citrus | |
of citrus (projected) |
5% share of organic |
10% share of organic | |
Orange |
3 800 000 |
190 000 |
380 000 |
Easy peelers |
2 500 000 |
125 000 |
250 000 |
Lemons |
1 100 000 |
55 000 |
110 000 |
Pomelos |
450 000 |
23 000 |
45 000 |
Total |
7 850 000 |
393 000 |
785 000 |
Source: FAO 2003
Table 8: Acreage of certified organic citrus in the United States (2001)
State |
Certified organic citrus acreage (*) | |
in 1997 |
in 2001 | |
Florida |
2 296 |
6 056 |
California |
3 012 |
3 063 |
Texas |
191 |
385 |
Arizona |
595 |
223 |
Total US |
6 099 |
9 741 |
(*): 1 acre = 0.405 hectare
Source: USDA 2002
Table 9: Organic and conventional fresh produce availability and pricing
Whole Foods |
Safeway |
King Soopers | ||||||||
Value in US dollars |
Organic |
Conven. |
Organic Premium (%) |
Organic |
Conv. |
Organic Premium (%) |
Organic |
Conv. |
Organic Premium (%) | |
Fruit: |
||||||||||
D'anjou pear |
1.99 |
1.49 |
0.99 |
51 |
1.69 |
1.49 |
13 | |||
Gala apple |
1.99 |
1.79 |
1.49 |
20 |
1.99 |
1.39 |
43 | |||
Granny Smith |
1.99 |
1.69 |
1.29 |
31 |
1.39 |
|||||
Golden Delicious |
1.29 |
1.49 |
1.29 |
16 |
1.69 |
1.39 |
22 | |||
Lemons |
0.39 |
1.99 |
1.79 |
11 |
1.99 |
|||||
Navel orange |
0.99 |
3/1.00 |
0.99 |
0.89 |
11 |
0.39 |
||||
Grapefruit |
1.29 |
1.29 |
0.79 |
63 | ||||||
Source: FAO 2001a.
Table 10: Market potential for fresh organic citrus in the USA in 2010 (in tonnes)
Product |
Total consumption |
Potential consumption of organic citrus | |
(projected) |
5% share of organic |
10% share of organic | |
Orange |
1 500 000 |
75 000 |
150 000 |
Easy peelers |
400 000 |
20 000 |
40 000 |
Lemons |
580 000 |
29 000 |
58 000 |
Pomelos |
710 000 |
35 000 |
71 000 |
Total |
3 190 000 |
159 000 |
319 000 |
Source: FAO 2003
Table 11: Estimated volumes of organic fruit juices sold in selected European countries in 2001
Country |
Volumes sold (million litres) |
UK |
7.5 |
Germany |
7 |
Italy |
5.8 |
France |
5.4 |
Source: Organic Monitor 2002
Table 12: Estimated imports of not-from-concentrate organic citrus juice into Europe
Supplying countries |
Reported exports to Europe in 2002 (MT) |
Israel |
5-6 000 |
Brazil |
1 500 |
United States |
1 000 |
Costa Rica |
1 000 |
Argentina (2001) |
114 |
Figures are based on data provided by suppliers and importers
Table 13: Estimated imports of frozen concentrated organic citrus juices into Europe
Supplying countries |
Product |
Reported exports to Europe in 2002 (MT) |
Brazil |
orange |
2 000-2 500 |
United States |
orange and grapefruit |
1 000 |
Cuba |
orange and grapefruit |
350 |
Israel |
orange, grapefruit, mandarin |
100 |
Costa Rica |
orange |
200 |
Argentina (2001) |
lemon |
28 |
Figures are based on data provided by suppliers and importers
FAO COMMODITY AND TRADE POLICY RESEARCH WORKING PAPERS
2004 |
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7 | Price Transmission in Selected Agricultural Markets | Piero Conforti |
6 | The marketing potential of date palm fruits in the European market | Pascal Liu |
5 |
World markets for organic citrus and citrus juices: Current market situation and medium-term prospects | Pascal Liu |
4 | Agricultural Policy Indicators (also issued as ESA Working Paper No. 2004/4) |
Timothy Josling and Alberto Valdés |
2003 |
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3 |
Quantifying appropriate levels of the WTO bound tariffs on basic food products in the context of the Development Box proposals | Ramesh Sharma |
2 | The WTO and environmental and social standards, certification and labelling in agriculture. | Cora Dankers |
1 | The Brazilian ethanol programme: impacts on world ethanol and sugar markets | Tatsuji Koizumi |