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BIBLIOGRAPHY BY COUNTRY
AFGHANISTAN
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United Nations, 1988. First consolidated report. Office of the Coordination of United Nations Humanitarian and Economic Assistance Programmes relating to Afghanistan, Geneva.
UNDP/FAO, 1987. Afghanistan: Ecological & Vegetational Mapping (AFG/82/008). Project findings and recommendations.
UNDP/FAO, 1980. Afghanistan: Assistance to forestry and watershed development (DP/AFG/79/009).
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ALGERIA
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Marchand, H., 1986. Les ressources forestières de l'Algérie. Division des ressources forestières, Département des forêts, Rome, Italie.
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EGYPT
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Mamdouh Riad, 1992. Country report of Egypt. Presented at the fifteenth session of the AFWC/EFC/NEFC Committee on Mediterranean Forestry Questions - Silva Mediterranea, Faro, Portugal, 1992.
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IRAN, ISLAMIC REPUBLIC OF
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Islamic Republic of Iran, 1992. National Report on Forestry in Iran. Ministry of Jahad-e-Sazandegi, Forest and Range Organization. Presented at the fifteenth session of the AFWC/EFC/NEFC Committee on Mediterranean Forestry Questions - Silva Mediterranea, Faro, Portugal, March 1992.
Islamic Republic of Iran, 1991. Report on Forestry in Iran. Ministry of Jahad-e-Sazandegi, Forest and Range Organization. Presented at the tenth World Forestry Congress, Paris, France, September 1991.
Islamic Republic of Iran, 1990. National report on forestry, range management and combating desertification in Iran, Teheran.
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Mansour Mahammadi, 1991. Fire and fire management. Ministry of Jahad-e-Sazandegi, Forest and Range Organization.
Saïd, A., 1978. La forêt caspienne et son utilisation. Revue forestière française, Vol. XXX-4-1978, pp. 323–330.
Shamekhi Taghi, 1990. Projet de l'aménagement forestier en fonction du développement socio-économique - Le cas du nord de l'Iran. Actes du dixième Congrès forestier mondial, Vol. 4, pp. 295–300.
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IRAQ
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Getan F.O., 1975. Country Statement. (Directorate-General of Forests, Ministry of Agriculture and Agrarian Reform, Republic of Iraq).
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JORDAN
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FAO, 1989. Training and demonstration in afforestation and forest management, Jordan. Final Report (FAO/SF:89/JOR 6).
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FAO(12), 1965. Forest inventory in Jordan. Project report No1.
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FAO, 1981. Land system classification. A case history: Jordan. C.W. Mitchell and J.A. Howard.
FAO, 1971. Forestry Development in Jordan. T.E. Beskok (No TA 3039).
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KUWAIT
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LEBANON
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Mahmoud Sabra, 1990. Situation des forêts, des productions forestières, et des industries forestières au Liban. Rapport présenté au dixième Congrès forestier mondial, Paris, 17–26 septembre 1991.
LIBYA
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Libyan Arab Republic, 1972. Forestry in Libya. Letter from Mr G. Giaddui (Dir. Gal., Dept. Forest and Range Management) to FAO Forestry Dept.
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Silviconsult, 1978. Basic wood industry, S.P.L.A.J.
Statistisches Bundesamt, 1990. Länderbericht: Lybien.
MOROCCO
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Marchand, H., 1986. Les ressources forestières du Maroc. Division des ressources forestières, Département des forêts, FAO, Rome, Italie.
Maroc (Royaume du) (4), 1993. Ministère de l'Agriculture et de la réforme agraire (MARA), Direction des eaux et forêts et de la conservation des sols (DEFCS). (Données récoltées et analysées par B. Cinotti et C. Racaut).
Maroc (Royaume du), MARA, DEFCS, 1992. Rapport national (1989–91). Présenté à la quinzième session du comité CFFSA/CFE/CFPO des questions méditerranéennes - Silva Mediterranea, Faro, Portugal, mars 1992.
Maroc (Royaume du), MARA, DEFCS, 1990. Bilan national des reboisements (à l'issue de la campagne 1989–90).
Maroc (Royaume du), MARA, DEFCS, 1990. Rapport d'activité forestière. Présenté au dixième Congrès forestier mondial, Paris, septembre 1991.
Maroc (Royaume du), MARA, DEFCS, 1988. Conseil national des forêts, cinquième session.
Maroc (Royaume du), MARA, DEFCS, 1978. Aperçu sur le Maroc forestier.
Maroc (Royaume du), Ministère du Plan, Direction de la Statistique, 1992. Annuaire statistique du Maroc 1992, Rabat.
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SAUDI ARABIA
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TUNISIA
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UNITED ARAB EMIRATES
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YEMEN (REPUBLIC OF)
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Afforestation
The unaided establishment by natural propagation, or the creation, by planting or direct seeding, of a forest population on terrain not previously forested.
Other lands
Potentially productive but unused lands such as built up areas, parks, gardens, roads, lanes and naked terrain (deserts), and all other lands not included in the above categories.
Other wooded lands
Open woodland, scrub and brushland: low woody vegetation formations (from 50cm to 5 or even 7m), with ground cover generally greater than 10 per cent but never less than 5 per cent.
Deforestation
Elimination of forest formations to be replaced by a non-forestry use (cultivation, urbanisation,.......).
Degradation
Impoverishment of standing woody material through over-exploitation, non re-constitution, non-regeneration.
Forest
All areas having a minimum tree cover of 10 per cent, and not the subject of agricultural practices. A tree is defined as a perennial woody plant having a single principal stem (except in cases of coppice where several shoots replace the single stem), a more or less defined crown having a height of more than 5 metres when mature. Only areas of at least 0.5 ha will be considered.
This definition includes closed forests which are formations where trees of different levels and under-storeys cover a good part of the terrain and do not permit any dense and continuous herbaceous strata, as opposed to open forests, which are formations with discontinuous layers of raised vegetation, but with a cover density of at least 10 per cent. Generally there is a continuous herbaceous stratum permitting grazing and encouraging fire propagation.
It is useful to note that the definition of the forest used in this assessment requires a minimum rate of cover which is different from the legal definition which allows for forestry land (an area proclaimed to be forest by law or decree).
Production forests
Forests which have soil and ground conditions which are suitable for producing wood and other forest products on the basis off a sustained yield. The distance to consumption and export centres is not considered, which means that even economically unviable forests are included in this class.
Protection forests
These forests are generally situated on broken ground, or ground which has been subjected to periodic or permanent floods, and the forest is therefore rendered physically non-productive and difficult to manage, with the exception of the lands included in the category below.
Conservation forests
Areas set aside by law or some other ruling for conservation, for example: national parks, biological reserves, water reservoirs, …
Reforestation
Natural reestablishment or creation, by planting or direct seeding, of a forest population on previously forested terrain (forest or other forested lands).
Land area
Total area, excluding interior water areas.
