Annexure to
Balogun, J.K., and Ibeun, M.O.
Additional Information on Fish Stocks
and Fisheries of Lake Kainji (Nigeria)

A PRELIMINARY BIBLIOGRAPHY AND ANALYSIS
OF KAINJI LAKE-RELATED PUBLICATIONS, 1961 TO 1991

by

M.O. Ibeun

National Institute for Freshwater Fisheries Research
P.M.B. 6006
NEW BUSSA, Nigeria

DISTRIBUTION OF PUBLICATIONS BY YEAR

Figure 1 shows the number of publications each year on Lake Kainji, covering the period from 1961 to 1991. The early years of the lake - 1961 to 1974 - were under the guidance of expatriate FAO experts, with Nigerians taking full control in 1975. The peak year for number of publications was 1975, with 27, of which 4 were journal articles, 17 contributions to proceedings of conferences, 4 were in the Technical Reports (initially Kainji Lake Research Institute (KLRI) Technical Reports, the series became National Institute for Freshwater Fisheries Research Technical Reports with the expanded mandate in 1989) series and 2 were internal reports and never officially published. This is closely followed in number by 1970, with 25 publications made up of 5 journal articles, 9 contributions to proceedings, 6 technical reports and 4 unpublished reports. 1976 and 1977 had the highest number of journal articles: 11 each.

In 1988, there were only 8 publications, of which the work on fisheries was on Lates. The other papers in that year were on processing, aquatic plants and fishing methods.

The 3 publications in 1989 were on aquatic plants and bibliography. In 1990, there was only one publication relevant to Kainji Lake, which was in the Annual Report (KLRI Annual Reports up to and including 1988; National Institute for Freshwater Fisheries Research Annual Reports thereafter), and it was on aquatic birds of the Lake.

In 1991 there were 6 articles in the Annual Report, and one journal article. They centred on socio-economics and infestations.

From the above, as seen in Figure 1, from 1980 there was a drastic drop in reported research activity on the lake, to almost zero level in 1990. Many reasons could be cited. One was the change in the mandate of KLRI in 1975 to cover all man-made lakes and major rivers in Nigeria, as against the restriction of activity to the lake basin in the early years. Another reason was the lack of response by government to the results of research. Research activities were not coordinated and research results on the lake were not acted on by policy-makers. This discouraging situation led to research scientists turning their attention to other areas. The fact that there is no management body for the lake makes it difficult for research results to be implemented.

Figure 1 Numbers of publications on Kainji Lake annually (1961–1991)

PUBLICATION FORMAT

Figure 2 shows that journal publications were most numerous, closely followed by papers in proceedings. The Annual Report is less than might be expected: this could be attributed to mode of reporting prior to 1981. By 1981, the style of reporting was informative enough for each of the articles to be covered in Aquatic Science and Fisheries Abstracts (ASFA), and so this study included KLRI Annual Report publications from 1981 onwards. As of 1981, articles in the Annual Report were over half (53%) of all Kainji-related publications in the next decade (1981–1991). The fact that journals and proceedings rank very high suggests that scientists working on the lake realized the significance of these modes of communication in the dissemination of scientific results.

SUBJECT COVERAGE

An attempt was made to group work published on the lake into subject fields. The subject was determined from the title. It is not an index of the articles as only one subject was ascribed to an article. Table 1 shows the broad subject groupings.

Figure 2 Form of publication of Kainji Lake-related articles (1961–1991)

Table 1 Subject coverage of publications on Lake Kainji, 1961–1991

Table 1 indicates more of basic than applied research. However, some of the papers looked at management implications. For example, Ita and Eyo (1981) on an experimental revolving loan scheme and a few others are of applied research in nature. The study by Ita and Eyo (1981) indicated conclusively that the revolving loan scheme would be viable, but unfortunately no organ of government has taken up the findings for implementation. Ita (1982) also identified the problems associated with overfishing on the lake. Those suggestions on management of the lake fisheries could have been easily implemented if there were a Management Body for the lake. Research results are better implemented when there is such a coordination or management body.

PATTERNS OF AUTHORSHIP

Single authorship (Table 2) is the case for over three-quarters of the publications (76.12%), distantly followed by dual authorship, with 16.72%. The conclusion drawn is that majority of the scientists working on Lake Kainji were working alone. This could be interpreted as an individualistic approach to research on the lake. A cursory look at the present trend of authorship in publications indicates in general a move toward joint authorship, possibly to bring the impact of many disciplines or opinions to bear on the subject being researched. The pattern of co-authorship is that co-authorship is more among scientists in similar disciplines, such as fisheries biologists and aquaculturists, or scientists and technologists. Only few papers could be said to have a multidisciplinary approach to the issues being investigated, combining authors of both pure and social science backgrounds.

Table 2 Pattern of authorship of publications on Kainji Lake, 1961–1991

DISTRIBUTION OF ARTICLES AMONG JOURNALS

The significance of journals in disseminating scientific findings cannot be overemphasized. In all, 100 journal articles were identified from 1961–1991, out of 335 publications. The 100 articles were published in 33 journals. Using Bradford's law of scatter, five periodicals were identified as ‘core’ journals (See Table 3 and Figure 3). Of interest is The African Journal of Tropical Hydrobiology and Fisheries, which ceased publication in 1975. The publication of this title should be re-activated. It further suggests that there is lack of publishing possibilities for African Scientists. This is one area where international donors and UN Specialized Agencies could properly provide assistance to the African countries.

CONCLUSION

This analysis of literature on Lake Kainji has led to some conclusions which are of interest. It is evident that there is communication gap between the key players in the development of the lake: fisherfolk, scientists and policy-makers, i.e., government. Fisheries scientists do not always know the real problems of the fishermen, and fishermen are not aware of what the scientists can offer. Thus the fishermen and policy makers constantly doubt the relevance of research in fisheries development. Because of this gap in communication, most of the problems addressed by the researchers are conceived by them rather than having been defined by the fishermen. This is confirmed by the lack of multidisciplinary approaches to research, as evident from the pattern of authorship. Policy makers do not know how researchers work and what their problems are. In most cases, they do not care about research results.

Table 3 Journal rankings

Note: ASFA = Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Abstracts

This explains why some of the applied research on the Lake - which has proven viable and thus deserves the attention of those responsible for administrating the lake, i.e., government - has not been acted upon. If everyone with a particular interest in the lake and its fisheries continues to work in isolation, the fishers and society at large will continue to be without the benefits that come from efforts in common. It is probable that the lack of such cohesion goes a long way toward explaining the reduction in research activity reported on Lake Kainji and its social, economic and ecological environment.

Figure 3 Distribution between periodical titles of publications on Kainji Lake, 1961–1991

A PRELIMINARY BIBLIOGRAPHY
OF
KAINJI LAKE-RELATED PUBLICATIONS

Abiodun, A.A. 1976. Satellite survey of particulate distribution patterns in Lake Kainji. Remote Sensing of Environment, 5: 109–123.

Abiodun, A.A., & Adeniji, H.A. 1978. Movement of water columns in Lake Kainji. Remote Sensing of Environment, 7: 227–234.

Abolarin, M.O. 1970a. Note on the trypanosomes from African freshwater fish and some comments on the possible relationship between taxonomy and pathology in trypanosomes. Bull. Epizootic Dis. Afr., 18: 221–228.

Abolarin, M.O. 1970b. The snails in the newly formed lake and its riverine area. Paper presented at the symposium on Ecology of Kainji Lake. University of Ife, 20 June 1970. Ile-Ife, Nigeria: University of Ife Press.

Abolarin, M.O. 1972. Report on the parasitological survey of the Kainji region. pp. 57–59, in: Kainji Lake Research Project - Progress Report: August 1971 to January 1972.

Ackermann, W.C., White, C.F., & Worthington, E.B. (eds) 1973. Man-made Lakes: Their Problems and Environmental Effects. [Geophysical Monograph N^o 17.] Washington DC: American Geophysical Union.

Adegoke, O.S., & Kogbe, C.A. 1975. Clay minerals in Kainji Lake Sediments. pp. 67–72, in: Imevbore and Adegoke, 1975, q.v.

Adegoke, O.S., & Kogbe, E.A. 1975. Littoral and suspended sediments of Lake Kainji. pp. 57–66, in: Imevbore and Adegoke, 1975, q.v.

Adeniji, E.O. 1970. The impact of the change in river regime on economic activities below the Kainji dam. J. Geogr. Ass. Nigeria, 13(2): 175–183.

Adeniji, E.O. 1973. Downstream impact of the Kainji dam. pp. 169–178, in: Mabogunje, 1973, q.v.

Adeniji, E.O. 1975. Observations on agriculture and fisheries downstream of the Kainji dam. pp. 181–186, in: Imevbore and Adegoke, 1975, q.v.

Adeniji, H.A. 1970a. Plankton composition of Lake Kainji. Paper presented at the symposium on the Ecology of Lake Kainji. University of Ife, 20 June 1970. Ile-Ife, Nigeria: University of Ife Press.

Adeniji, H.A. 1970b. The source of the odour at the dam site. Kainji Power, 4– 5.

Adeniji, H.A. 1971. A comparison of the plankton in the River Niger before impoundment with that of the Kainji Lake. Paper presented at the International Symposium on Man-made Lakes. Knoxville, Tennessee, 3–7 May 1971.

Adeniji, H.A. [1972.] Report on the bacterial growth in the cooling pipes of NDA heat exchangers: causes and methods of elimination. Unpublished report to Kainji Lake Research Project.

Adeniji, H.A. 1973. Preliminary investigation into the composition and seasonal variation of the plankton in Kainji Lake, Nigeria. pp, 617–619, in: Ackermann, White and Worthington, 1973, q.v.

Adeniji, H.A. 1975a. Drought: its effects on water management and plankton abundance in Kainji Lake, Nigeria. in: Proceedings of the I.W.R. - A Conference on Water for Arid Lands. Teheran, Iran.

Adeniji, H.A. 1975b. Monomixis in Kainji Lake, Nigeria. pp. 449–453, in Vol. 5 of: Proceedings of the Second World Congress of the International Water Resources Association. New Delhi.

Adeniji, H.A. 1975c. Some aspects of the limnology and the fishery development of Kainji Lake, Nigeria. Arch. Hydrobiol., 75(2): 253–262.

Adeniji, H.A. [1976] Preliminary study of the silica content and diatom abundance in Kainji Lake, Nigeria. An unpublished report.

Adeniji, H.A. 1977a. The effects of the outflows from Kainji Lake on the dissolved oxygen and water temperature in the River Niger just below the dam. A report to KLRI.

Adeniji, H.A. 1977b. Preliminary study of the silica content and diatom abundance in Kainji Lake, Nigeria. pp. 331–334, in: Golterman, H.L. (ed) Interactions between sediments and freshwater. The Hague: Junk Publ.

Adeniji, H.A. 1977c. The significance of the Awuru rapids on the oxygen content of the River Niger. KLRI Newsletter, 3(2): 1–5.

Adeniji, H.A. 1978. Diurnal vertical distribution of zooplankton during stratification in Kainji Lake, Nigeria. Verh. Int. Verein. Limnol., 20: 1677–1683.

Adeniji, H.A. 1979a. Circadian vertical migration of zooplankton during homothermy and its significance to fish distribution and abundance in Kainji Lake, Nigeria. pp, 203–207, in vol. 1 of: Proceedings of International Conference on Kainji Lake and River Basins Development in Africa. New Bussa, Nigeria: KLRI.

Adeniji, H.A. 1979b. Special problems of African man-made lakes. Paper presented at the SIL/UNEP Workshop on African Limnology. Nairobi, 17–23 December 1979. 23p.

Adeniji, H.A. 1979c. Water management and thermal/oxygen conditions in Kainji Lake, Nigeria. pp. 3219–3227, in vol. 7 of: Proceedings of the Third World Congress on Water Resources. Mexico.

Adeniji, H.A. 1980. The development of Limnology in Nigeria. in: Morris Ikusim, S. (ed) Proceedings of Workshop on the Promotion of Limnology in Developing Countries.

Adeniji, H.A. 1981a. Circadian vertical migration of zooplankton during stratification and its significance to fish distribution and abundance in Kainji Lake, Nigeria. Verh. Internat. Verein Limnology, 21: 1021–1024.

Adeniji, H.A. 1981b. Drought: effect on water management and limnology of Kainji Lake, Nigeria. pp. 277–282, in: Proceedings of IFAC Water and Related Resources System. Cleveland, USA.

Adeniji, H.A. 1981c. Effect of incubating Kainji Lake Water in vitro with various types of nutrient concentrations on the pelagic primary productivity of the lake. pp. 27–29, in: KLRI 1980 Annual Report.

Adeniji, H.A. 1981d. Man-made lakes. pp. 125–135, in: Symoens, J.J., Burgis, M., & Gaudet, J.J. (eds) The Ecology and Utilization of African Inland Waters.

Adeniji, H.A. 1981e. Vertical distribution of pelagic primary production in Kainji Lake. pp. 23–27, in: KLRI, 1980 Annual Report.

Adeniji, H.A. 1983a. Study and appraisal of the water quality of the Asa, Oil and Niger Rivers. pp. 15–20, in: KLRI 1982 Annual Report.

Adeniji, H.A. 1983b. Study of the diurnal vertical distribution of zooplankton in Kainji Lake during incomplete stratification: effect on the distribution and abundance of clupeid fishes in the lake. pp. 28–32, in: KLRI 1982 Annual Report.

Adeniji, H.A., & Donner, J. 1977. Annual succession of rotifers in the plankton of Kainji Lake in Nigeria. Int. Res. Hydrobiol., 62(1): 109–132.

Adeniji, H.A., & Ita, E.O. [1976.] Limnology and fisheries investigation of the Kainji dam lock basin including management proposals for recreational fishing. Unpublished Report to KLRI. 18p.

Adeniji, H.A., & Olowe, D.I. 1986. Study of the pelagic primary production in Jebba Lake, Nigeria. pp. 10–14, in: KLRI 1985 Annual report.

Adeniji, H.A., Henderson, H.F., & Ita, E.O. 1971. African reservoirs: Lake Kainji. Evaluation of Fisheries Resources in African Freshwater. Afr. J. Trop. Hydrobiol. Fish., 1(1): 74–75.

Adeniji, H.A., Aluma, S.S., Okor, D.I., & Obot, E.A. 1986. Preliminary study on the pesticide residues in the Kainji and Jebba Lakes areas. pp. 21–24, in: KLRI 1985 Annual Report.

Adeniji, H.A., Ubanmann, T.D., Henderson, H.F., Imevbore, A.M.A., & Zimmermann, U. 1976. Study of the mixing pattern of Lake Kainji using stable isotopes. Caterna, 3: 63–76.

Adeniji, I.F. 1978a. Studies of physio-chemical factors and the planktonic algae of Lake Kainji, Nigeria. BSc thesis submitted to Department of Zoology, University of Ife.

Adeniji, I.F. 1978b. Studies of physio-chemical factors and the planktonic algae of Lake Kainji Nigeria. PhD thesis. University of Ife, 2 volumes.

Adeniji, I.F. 1982. Mineral input in rain free-fall in the Kainji Lake area: the total mineral content and hydrogen ion concentration (pH). pp. 352–276. in: Sanford, W.W., Yesufu, H.M., & Ayeni, J.S.O. (eds) Selected papers from the Man and Biosphere State-of-Knowledge Workshop, sponsored by the Nigerian National Man and Biosphere Committee, UNESCO and KLRI.

Adesulu, E.A. 1981. Nutrition in Sarotherodon galilaeus (Family Cichlidae) in Lake Kainji, Nigeria. PhD thesis, Department of Zoology, University of Ife, Nigeria.

Aiyedun, B.A., & Adegboye, J.D. 1967. River fisheries surveys in northern Nigeria. Nigerian Field, 32: 160–170.

Ajayi, T.O. 1972. Biological studies on the family Bagridae (Pisces: Siluroides) in Lake Kainji, Nigeria. M.Phil. thesis submitted to Department of Zoology, University of Ife, Nigeria.

Akinpelu, A.I. 1983. Studies on the parasites of fish in the Kainji Lake. MSc thesis submitted to the Department of Zoology, University of Ibadan, Nigeria.

Akintunde, E.A. 1976. The biology of Tilapia and Sarotherodon species of Lake Kainji, Nigeria, with special reference to Sarotherodon galilaeus. M.Phil. thesis submitted to Department of Zoology, University of Ife, Nigeria.

Akintunde, E.A. 1982a. Feeding rhythm in relation to changing pattern of pH in the gut of Sarotherodon galilaeus (Artedi) of Lake Kainji, Nigeria. Hydrobiologia, 97: 179–194.

Akintunde, E.A. 1982b. Intestinal absorption by Sarotherodon galilaeus (syn. Tilapia galilaea) of Lake Kainji, Nigeria. A report.

Akintunde, E.A., & Imevbore, A.M.A. 1979. Aspects of the biology of cichlid fishes of Lake Kainji with special reference to Sarotherodon galilaeus. Nig. J. Nat. Sci., 1(1): 35–39.

Alamu, S.O. 1991. Assessment of women's contribution to fishing industry and fish marketing in Kainji Lake Basin. pp. 184–190, in: National Institute for Fresh-water Fisheries 1990 Annual Report.

Anonymous. 1963. Developing Nigeria's fisheries. Nigerian Trade Journal, 11: 54–56.

Anthonio, Q.B.O. 1970. Fish marketing survey in the Kainji Lake Basin. Yelwa area study. Ibadan, Nigeria: NISER.

Anthonio, Q.B.O. 1973. The traditional marketing organization for smoked fish in the Yelwa area of the Kainji Lake Basin. pp. 71–89, in: Mabogunje, 1973, q.v.

Arawomo, G.O. 1972. The ecology of the fish genera Citharinus and Distichodus in Lake Kainji, Nigeria. M.Phil. thesis, University of Ife, Nigeria.

Arawomo, G.O. 1976. Food and feeding of three Citharinus species in Lake Kainji, Nigeria. J. Fish. Biol., 9: 3–10.

Arawomo, G.O. 1982. Food and feeding of three Distichodus species (Pisces: Characiformes) in Lake Kainji, Nigeria. Hydrobiologia, 94(2): 177–181.

Arungbemi, K.M. 1980. Migrant fishermen of Kainji Lake Basin: an analysis of variables influencing migration patterns and trends. A report to KLRI, 15p.

Arungbemi, K.M. 1982. The Kainji dam and its consequences to the population of fishermen. pp. 323–329, in: Nigeria Savanna. Selected papers from the Man and Biosphere Workshop, sponsored by the Nigerian Man and Biosphere Committee, UNESCO and KLRI. New Bussa, Nigeria: KLRI.

Asseez, L.O. 1970a. Effects of organic acids on the flocculation of suspended sediments in tropical man-made lake. J. Hydrobiology, 11: 253–257.

Asseez, L.O. 1970b. A preliminary investigation of suspended sediments in Kainji Lake, Nigeria. Bull. Int. Ass. Sci. Hydrology, 15(3): 61–71.

Atkinson, J.R. 1973. Resettlement programme in the Kainji Lake Basin. pp. 1–18, in: Mabogunje, 1973, q.v.

Atuma, S.S., Okor, D.I., & Adeniji, H.A. 1985. Persistent pesticides in Kainji environment. Nigerian J. Applied Sci., 3(1): 97–106.

Awachie, J.B.E. 1965. Preliminary notes on the parasites of fish in the area of the Kainji reservoir. pp. 65–69, in: White, 1965, q.v.

Awoyemi, M.D. 1991. Some experiments on the control of insect pests of dried fish in the Kainji Lake Basin. pp 110–121, in: National Institute for Freshwater Fisheries Research 1990 Annual Report.

Ayanda, J.O. 1979. Assessment of the fishing industry at Niger River Basin Development Authority, New Bussa. KLRI Newsletter, 4(3): 7–9.

Ayanda, J.O. 1991. Economics of fishing and fish marketing in the Kainji Lake Basin. pp. 165–172, in: National Institute for Freshwater Fisheries Research 1990 Annual Report.

Ayanda, J.O. 1991. Economics of traditional fish preservation and storage techniques in Kainji Lake Basin. pp. 173–175, in: National Institute for Freshwater Fisheries Research 1990 Annual Report.

Ayanda, J.O., & Alamu, S.O. 1991. The socio-economic survey of fishing technology in Kainji Lake Basin. pp. 178–183, in: National Institute for Freshwater Fisheries Research 1990 Annual Report.

Ayanda, J.O., & Obot, E.A. 1984. Commercial utilization of Niger grass (Echinochloa sp.) within the Kainji Lake Basin. pp. 230–235, in: KLRI 1983 Annual Report.

Babalola, M.O. 1972a. The pattern of the fishing industry and the feasibility study of cooperation for fishermen in the Kainji Lake Basin. A report submitted to Kainji Lake Research Project. 103p.

Babalola, M.O. [1972b.] Preliminary investigations into fishery problems around Kainji Lake. Unpublished Report to Kainji Lake Research Project.

Babalola, M.O. 1975. A survey of river commercial fishery Kainji Dam-Lokoja. A report submitted to Kainji Lake Research Project. 42p.

Babalola, M.O. 1976. Fresh fish marketing around Kainji dam. Nigerian Trade Journal, 23(3): 41–45; 23(4): 10–15.

Bacalbasa-Dobrovici, N. 1971. The economic importance of the burugu (Echinochloa stagnina (P. Beauv.)) on the middle Niger in the Nigerian Republic. Hydrobiologia Bucur., 12: 41–46.

Bakare, O. 1968. Food and feeding habits of non-cichlid fishes of the middle Niger with particular reference to the Kainji reservoir basin. MSc thesis, University of Ife, Nigeria.

Bakare, O. 1970. Bottom deposits as food of inland freshwater fish. pp. 65–85, in: Visser, 1970a, q.v.

Balfour Beatty and NEDECO. 1963. Additional note on hydrology and reservoir operation: Flood routine, Kainji Reservoir. [Energy alone, Part 2.] London: NEDECO.

Balfour Beatty and NEDECO. 1966a. Kainji development: Memorandum on provision of emergency discharge capacity. London: NEDECO.

Balfour Beatty and NEDECO. 1966b. Kainji development: Report on requirements for water releases from the dam with particular reference to speed and type of hoist for spillway gates. London: NEDECO.

Balfour Beatty and NEDECO. 1967. Niger dams projects: Notes on reservoir operation taking into account flood control, energy production and navigation. Part I: Kanji system alone. London: NEDECO.

Balogun, J.K. 1982. Preliminary studies of some aspects of the biology of the fish family Characidae in Lake Kainji, Nigeria. pp. 35–37, in: KLRI 1981 Annual Report.

Balogun, J.K. 1983a. Experimental commercial beach seining in Kainji Lake Nigeria. pp. 81–85, in: KLRI 1982 Annual Report.

Balogun, J.K. 1983b. Feasibility survey of commercial gill netting of Kainji Lake. pp. 85–89, in: KLRI 1982 Annual Report.

Balogun, J.K. 1985a. The fisheries of Lake Kainji: past, present and future. Nigerian Field, 50: 29–34.

Balogun, J.K. 1985b. Some aspects on the biology of the family Centropomidae in Kainji Lake. pp. 74–84, in: KLRI 1984 Annual Report.

Balogun, J.K. 1986a. Distribution and relative abundance of the Nile perch Lates niloticus (L.) (Pisces: Centropomidae) in Lake Kainji, Nigeria. Arch. Hydrobiol., 109(1): 25–38.

Balogun, J.K. 1986b. Fish distribution in Kainji Lake, Nigeria. J. Fish. Biol., 29: 589–498.

Balogun, J.K. 1986c. Gill-net monitoring studies with emphasis on fish distribution in Lake Kainji, Nigeria. pp. 35–39, in: KLRI 1985 Annual Report.

Balogun, J.K. 1986d. Some aspects of the biology of the Niger perch (Lates niloticus). pp. 39–43, in: KLRI 1985 Annual Report.

Balogun, J.K. 1988. The bio-ecology of the Niger perch Lates niloticus (Linn.) in the Kainji Lake. PhD thesis, Department of Zoology, University of Ibadan.

Balogun, R.A. 1975. Occurrence of free amino acids and sugar in Lake Kainji. pp. 103–106, in: Imevbore and Adegoke, 1975, q.v.

Bankole, N.O. 1985. A decade of the fish family Cyprinidae in Kanji Lake. pp. 85–97, in: KLRI 1984 Annual Report.

Banks, J.M., Ifolden, M.J., & McConnell, R.H. 1965. Fishery report. pp. 21–42, in: White, 1965, q.v.

Bauman, U. 1973. Investigation into the water renewal of Lake Kainji with the aid of stable isotopes. Thesis submitted to Institute of Physics, Heidelbery University, Germany.

Bazigos, G.P. 1970. Frame survey of Kainji Lake: area distribution of fish sites. A report. 10p.

Bazigos, G.P. 1971. Frame Survey at Kainji Lake. Kainji Lake Research Project Statistical Study, N^o 1. Report UNDO/FAO FI:SF/NIR 24. FAO, Rome. 50p.

Bazigos, G.P. 1972. The yield pattern at Kainji Lake (Nigeria). Statistical Studies, N^o 2. (FAO report FAO/UNDP/SF/NIR.24 October 1972. St.S./2). FAO, Rome. 25p.

Bazigos, G.P. 1974. Recent trends in the yield pattern of Kainji Lake, Nigeria. Statistical Studies, N^o 3. Report UNDP/FAO/SF/NIR/24. FAO, Rome. 14p.

Bazigos, G.P. 1979. The yield patterns and their implications for fisheries development of some selected man-made lakes and rivers. pp. 296–315, in vol. 2 of: Proceedings of International Conference on Kainji and River Basin Development in Africa. New Bussa, Nigeria: KLRI.

Belbeneit, P., Moller, P., Serrier, J., & Push, S. 1978. Ethological observations on the electric organ discharge behaviour of the electric catfish Malapterurus electricus. 27p.

Bidwell, A. 1976. The effect of water level fluctuations on the biology of Lake Kainji, Nigeria. Nigerian Field, 41(4): 156–165.

Bidwell, A. 1979. Observations on the biology of nymphs of Povilla adusta navas (Ephemeroptera: Polymtachidae) in Lake Kainji, Nigeria. Hydrobiologia, 67(2): 161–172.

Bidwell, A., & Clarke, N.V. 1977. The invertebrate fauna of Lake Kainji, Nigeria. Nigerian Field, 42(3): 104–110.

Blake, B.F. 1977a. The effect of the impoundment of Lake Kainji: Nigeria on the indigenous species of mormyrid fishes. Freshwater Biology, 7: 37–42.

Blake, B.F. 1977b. Food and feeding of the mormyrid fishes of Lake Kainji Nigeria, with special reference to seasonal variations and interspecific differences. J. Fish., 11(4): 315–328.

Blake, B.F. 1977c. Lake Kainji, Nigeria: a summary of the changes within the fish population since the impoundment of the Niger in 1968. Hydrobiologia, 53(2): 131–137.

Blake, C., & Blake, B.F. 1978. The use of opercular bones in the study of age and growth in Labeo senegalensis from Lake Kainji, Nigeria. J. Fish. Biol., 13(1): 287–

Boszormeyi, Z., & Imevbore, A.M.A. 1975. Phosphate absorption as an index of phytoplankton activity: The case of Lake Kainji. pp. 123–143, in: Imevbore and Adegoke, 1975, q.v.

Burchard, J. 1967. The family cichlidae. pp. 123–143, in: Reed, W., et al. (eds) Fish and Fisheries of Northern Nigeria. Kaduna Ministry of Agriculture.

Chachu, R.E.O. 1978. The development of weeds in Lake Kainji. KLRI Newsletter, 4(1 & 2): 5–10.

Clarke, N.V. 1978a. A comparison of the zooplankton of Lake Kainji and the River Niger and Swashi. Hydrobiologia, 58(1): 17–23.

Clarke, N.V. 1978b. The food of adult copepods from Lake Kainji, Nigeria. Freshwater Biology, 8(4): 321–326.

Clarke, N.V. 1978c. Studies on the zooplankton of Lake Kainji, Nigeria. PhD thesis submitted to University of Reading, UK.

Cook, C.D.K. 1965. The aquatic and marsh plant communities of the reservoir site. pp. 78–88, in: White, 1965, q.v.

Cook, C.D.K. 1968. The vegetation of the Kainji reservoir site in Northern Nigeria. Vegetatio, 15: 225–243.

Collart, A. 1967. Fisheries of Nigeria and their development prospects. FAO, Rome. 36p.

Corbet, S.A., Sellick, R.O., & Willoughby, N.G. 1974. Notes on the biology of the mayfly, Povilla adusta, in West Africa. J. Zool., 172: 491–502.

Daget, J. 1961. Rapport sur de projet de barrage de Kainji pêcheries. J. Hydrobiol., 61(4): 69–76.

Donner, J. 1977. Annual succession of planktonic rotifers in the Kainji Lake, Nigeria. Int. Revue, Ges. Hydrobiol., 62(1): 109–132.

Eaton, J.W. 1965. Algal investigation. pp. 8–16, in: White, 1965, q.v.

Eaton, J.W., Lutz, P., Osonow, A., & White, E. 1965. Water Chemistry: techniques of analysis and problems encountered. pp. 3–7, in: White, 1965, q.v.

Edokpay, S.I. 1961. The Niger and Benue in Nigeria's economy: past, present and future. Nig. J. Econ. Soci. Stud., 3: 58–77.

Ekwemalor, A.I. 1975. Frame survey at Lake Kainji (Technical Report No. 1/1975) Report to KLRI, New Bussa. 33p.

Ekwemalor, A.I. 1977. The catch assessment survey (CAS) of Kainji Lake, Nigeria. MSc thesis submitted to University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia.

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