Photo 1. Steps in road construction in the tropical natural forest in Indonesia
Photo 2. Equipment and steps of felling operations in the tropical natural forest in Indonesia
Photo 3. Felling techniques in conventional timber harvesting and a stump left in the
tropical natural forest in Indonesia
Photo 4. Steps in skidding operations in conventional timber harvesting in the tropical natural forest in Indonesia
Photo 5. Log debarking with a crowbar at landing
Photo 6. Landing operations and the process of timber transport by truck trailer in the tropical natural forest in Indonesia
Photo 7. Water transport of timber in the tropical natural forest in Indonesia
Photo 8. Vines which exist beside harvestable trees in the tropical natural forest in Indonesia
Photo 9. Skidtrail, felling pattern and felling direction planning
Photo 10. Prospective skidtrail marking with paint and opening by chainsaw operator
Photo 11. Aligning of skidtrail by crawler tractor operator
following the opened route on the ground
Photo 12. Felling techniques used for tree without buttress in reduced impact timber harvesting
Photo 13. Felling techniques used for tree with buttress in reduced impact timber harvesting
Photo 14. Types of tree damages: (a) bark and stem injury;
(b) broken stem; (c) root and buttress injury;
(d) fallen trees; and (e) crown damage
Photo 15. An example of soil areas damages caused by felling and skidding operations
