Table 84 - Myanmar - Forest Cover
Land Category |
Area (Km2) |
Percent |
Closed forests |
293,269 |
43.34 |
Degraded forests |
50,968 |
7.53 |
Forests affected by shifting cultivation |
154,389 |
22.82 |
Water bodies |
13,327 |
2.01 |
Non-forest |
164,600 |
24.30 |
Total |
676,553 |
100.00 |
Source: Forestry Fact sheet, 1993 in APFSOS/WP/08.
Table 85 - Myanmar - Forest Area by Types of Forests
No |
Types of Forests |
Area (Hectares) |
% |
1. |
Tidal, beach and dune and swamp forests |
1,376,900 |
4 |
2. |
Tropical evergreen forests |
5,507,800 |
16 |
3. |
Mixed deciduous forests |
13,425,300 |
39 |
4. |
Dry Forests |
3,442,400 |
10 |
5. |
Deciduous dipterocarp forest |
1,721,200 |
5 |
6. |
Hill and temperate evergreen forest |
8,950,100 |
26 |
|
Total |
34,423,700 |
100 |
Source: Kyaw Tint (1995) in APFSOS/WP/08
Table 86 - Myanmar - Forest
Type of vegetation |
Productive forest ('000 ha) |
Unproductive forest (' 000 ha) |
Total ('000 ha) |
Closed broad- leafed |
20,655 |
11,908 |
32,563 |
Mangrove |
382 |
403 |
785 |
Bamboo |
963 |
- |
963 |
Conifers |
113 |
- |
113 |
Total |
22,113 |
12,311 |
34,424 |
Source: Kyaw Tint (1995) in APFSOS/WP/08
Table 87 - Myanmar - Volume of Growing Stock of Timber
Type of Vegetation |
productive forest |
Unproductive forest |
Grand total |
||
Total (mil. m3) |
m'/ha |
Total (mil. m3) |
m3/ha |
mil. m3 |
|
Closed broad-leaved |
1,859 |
90.0 |
357 |
30 |
2,216 |
Mangrove |
12 |
30.6 |
4 |
10 |
16 |
Conifers |
16 |
141.6 |
- |
- |
16 |
Total |
1,887 |
361 |
2,248 |
Source: Kyaw Tint (1995) in APFSOS/WP/08
Table 88 - Myanmar - Forest Plantations By Year and Species (Hectares)
Year |
Species |
Total |
|||||
Teak |
Yyinkado |
Padauk |
Pine |
Eucalyptus |
Other |
||
1 |
2 |
3 |
4 |
5 |
6 |
7 |
8 |
1896-1941 |
36930 |
1279 |
51 |
0 |
0 |
8907 |
47167 |
1948-1962 |
1230 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
692 |
1922 |
1963 |
135 |
289 |
0 |
20 |
0 |
297 |
741 |
1964 |
321 |
266 |
0 |
73 |
0 |
973 |
1633 |
1965 |
773 |
859 |
0 |
51 |
0 |
1033 |
2716 |
1966 |
736 |
557 |
0 |
47 |
0 |
1113 |
2453 |
1967 |
1206 |
1101 |
0 |
902 |
0 |
269 |
3478 |
1968 |
1609 |
887 |
0 |
572 |
12 |
706 |
3786 |
1969 |
1188 |
619 |
0 |
446 |
30 |
596 |
2879 |
1970 |
1328 |
648 |
0 |
12 |
253 |
968 |
3209 |
1971 |
1021 |
602 |
0 |
36 |
399 |
714 |
2772 |
1972 |
745 |
320 |
0 |
0 |
1429 |
656 |
3150 |
1973 |
887 |
619 |
0 |
0 |
1041 |
176 |
2723 |
1974 |
859 |
62 |
0 |
0 |
1645 |
0 |
2566 |
1975 |
913 |
267 |
0 |
0 |
1864 |
30 |
3074 |
1976 |
1024 |
486 |
0 |
0 |
1615 |
0 |
3125 |
1977 |
1435 |
611 |
0 |
0 |
1554 |
21 |
3621 |
1978 |
1785 |
466 |
0 |
0 |
2053 |
0 |
4304 |
1979 |
2592 |
576 |
40 |
0 |
3523 |
0 |
6731 |
1980 |
6201 |
1205 |
364 |
202 |
162 |
5361 |
13495 |
1981 |
8693 |
1786 |
469 |
422 |
243 |
5634 |
17247 |
1982 |
10508 |
2635 |
772 |
533 |
445 |
7612 |
22235 |
1983 |
11826 |
2199 |
1235 |
324 |
567 |
11460 |
27611 |
1984 |
11799 |
3775 |
968 |
770 |
1055 |
12449 |
30816 |
1985 |
10839 |
5598 |
935 |
1194 |
2654 |
15121 |
36341 |
1986 |
10975 |
5433 |
769 |
1032 |
2873 |
11864 |
32946 |
1987 |
11554 |
2450 |
1174 |
1174 |
3440 |
12516 |
32308 |
1988 |
11540 |
2200 |
1153 |
223 |
3845 |
10955 |
29916 |
1989 |
10136 |
747 |
809 |
465 |
1578 |
4994 |
18729 |
1990 |
14745 |
2009 |
1275 |
283 |
2570 |
9816 |
30698 |
1991 |
14718 |
1658 |
1434 |
405 |
2772 |
10049 |
31036 |
1992 |
13903 |
2125 |
692 |
607 |
3197 |
11062 |
31586 |
1993 |
10771 |
1295 |
727 |
607 |
3244 |
14366 |
31010 |
1994 |
4709 |
1088 |
212 |
506 |
890 |
15421 |
22826 |
1995 |
9207 |
1618 |
324 |
587 |
2651 |
18051 |
32438 |
Total |
228841 |
48065 |
13403 |
11493 |
47604 |
193882 |
543288 |
|
(42.1%) |
(8.8%) |
(2.2%) |
(2.2%) |
(8.8%) |
(35.7%) |
(100%) |
Source: Forestry Fact Sheet, 1996 in APFSOS/WP/08
Table 89 - Myanmar - Forest Plantations By Year and Type (Hectares)
Year |
Type of Plantation |
Total |
|||
Commercial |
Village Supply |
Industrial |
Watershed |
||
1 |
2 |
3 |
4 |
5 |
6 |
1896-1941 |
38260 |
8907 |
0 |
0 |
47167 |
1948-1962 |
1230 |
692 |
0 |
0 |
1922 |
1963 |
444 |
297 |
0 |
0 |
741 |
1964 |
808 |
790 |
35 |
0 |
1633 |
1965 |
1749 |
944 |
23 |
0 |
2716 |
1966 |
1651 |
796 |
6 |
0 |
2453 |
1967 |
2557 |
876 |
45 |
0 |
3478 |
1968 |
3035 |
711 |
40 |
0 |
3786 |
1969 |
2112 |
716 |
51 |
0 |
2879 |
1970 |
1930 |
1234 |
45 |
0 |
3209 |
1971 |
1634 |
1103 |
35 |
0 |
2772 |
1972 |
1053 |
2055 |
42 |
0 |
3150 |
1973 |
1506 |
1185 |
32 |
0 |
2723 |
1974 |
921 |
1612 |
33 |
0 |
2566 |
1975 |
1180 |
1870 |
24 |
0 |
3074 |
1976 |
1510 |
1591 |
24 |
0 |
3125 |
1977 |
2047 |
1534 |
40 |
0 |
3621 |
1978 |
2251 |
2033 |
20 |
0 |
4304 |
1979 |
3208 |
3252 |
210 |
61 |
6731 |
1980 |
8405 |
4409 |
228 |
453 |
13495 |
1981 |
11493 |
3654 |
283 |
1817 |
17247 |
1982 |
14665 |
3491 |
526 |
3553 |
22235 |
1983 |
16303 |
6235 |
769 |
4304 |
27611 |
1984 |
18516 |
6907 |
1433 |
3960 |
30816 |
1985 |
18626 |
10711 |
2776 |
4228 |
36341 |
1986 |
18917 |
7968 |
3446 |
2615 |
32946 |
1987 |
17322 |
6730 |
5540 |
2716 |
32308 |
1988 |
16382 |
5799 |
4958 |
2777 |
29916 |
1989 |
13812 |
1304 |
2448 |
1165 |
18729 |
1990 |
18312 |
6006 |
4573 |
1807 |
30698 |
1991 |
18254 |
7268 |
3906 |
1608 |
31036 |
1992 |
17335 |
7891 |
4128 |
2232 |
31586 |
1993 |
13405 |
11198 |
3244 |
3163 |
31010 |
1994 |
6515 |
12780 |
890 |
2641 |
22826 |
1995 |
11736 |
13800 |
2853 |
4049 |
32438 |
Total |
309084 |
148349 |
42706 |
43149 |
543288 |
|
(56.9%) |
(27.3%) |
(7.9%) |
(7.9%) |
(100%) |
Source: Forestry Fact Sheet, 1996 in APFSOS/WP/08
Table 90 - Myanmar - Forestry Export Compared to Other Products
No. |
Type of commodity |
1990-91 |
1991-92 |
1992-93 |
1993-94 |
||||
Ks |
% |
Ks |
% |
Ks |
% |
Ks |
% |
||
1. |
Agriculture products |
942.4* |
32 |
1010.7 |
34 |
1299.2 |
36 |
1357.8 |
32 |
2. |
Animal and marine products |
169.4 |
6 |
160.5 |
5 |
261.2 |
7 |
373.2 |
9 |
3. |
Forest Products |
1131.4 |
38 |
943.3 |
32 |
1120.4 |
31 |
1356.7 |
32 |
4. |
Minerals and Gems |
172.5 |
6 |
111.3 |
4 |
154.9 |
4 |
364.4 |
9 |
5. |
Others |
546.2 |
18 |
706.0 |
25 |
819.7 |
22 |
775.7 |
18 |
|
Total Domestic Export |
2961.9 |
100 |
2931.8 |
100 |
3655.4 |
100 |
4227.8 |
100 |
Source: Forestry Fact sheet, 1996 in APFSOS/WP/08.* Figures in parenthesis show US$ equivalent in millions converted at 1994-1995 exchange rate of 1US$ = kyats 5.98
Table 91 - Myanmar - Export Earning Of Forest Products By Mte 1988-89 To 1995-96
Sr. No. |
Particulars Regular |
1988-89 |
1989-90 |
1990-91 |
1991-92 |
1992-93 |
1993-94 |
1994-95 |
1995-96 |
||||||||
Qty |
Value |
Qty |
Value |
Qty |
Value |
Qty |
Value |
Qty |
Value |
Qty |
Value |
Qty |
Value |
Qty |
Value |
||
1 |
Teak logs |
231787.66 |
98.8968 |
199352 |
87.0577 |
328396 |
72.0238 |
76123.7 |
29.8245 |
206059 |
64.5891 |
209951 |
82.02 |
212324 |
138.862 |
1E+05 |
63.16 |
2 |
Teak lumber |
33251 |
17.8455 |
54709 |
35.1603 |
18636.2 |
24.0992 |
39338 |
24.455 |
45853.9 |
26.8404 |
36198.9 |
21.6061 |
33122.1 |
20.0759 |
31375 |
11.8 |
3 |
Hardwood logs |
146479 |
16.9071 |
39085.4 |
4.8983 |
31425.1 |
3.7832 |
19085 |
2.1031 |
53395.1 |
5.6789 |
111942 |
12.4718 |
109760 |
13.5907 |
8997 |
1.2 |
4 |
Hardwood lumber |
886.353 |
0.4893 |
191.147 |
0.2744 |
143.006 |
0.0515 |
110.44 |
0.0346 |
332.737 |
0.0757 |
1469.7 |
0.3161 |
2707.2 |
0.4866 |
1579 |
0.2 |
5 |
ply wood |
910526 |
1.0895 |
633300 |
0.9246 |
187233 |
0.2898 |
|
|
180781 |
0.3513 |
230587 |
0.3178 |
335652 |
0.411 |
77522 |
0.04 |
6 |
veneer |
9378.9 |
0.2638 |
9258.63 |
0.0939 |
|
|
|
|
806.44 |
0.0014 |
|
0.028 |
108218 |
0.1204 |
65276 |
0.01 |
7 |
larm parquet |
|
|
|
0.3034 |
|
0.2487 |
260.526 |
0.1851 |
220.88 |
0.7784 |
300.171 |
1.1059 |
172.382 |
0.6754 |
627 |
0.63 |
8 |
Parquet |
|
|
|
0.3108 |
|
0.2815 |
185.483 |
0.3008 |
811.311 |
0.2311 |
1119.17 |
0.3358 |
784.409 |
0.3124 |
1007 |
0.07 |
9 |
furniture |
|
0.6309 |
|
0.1572 |
|
0.0214 |
|
0.0107 |
|
0.0029 |
|
|
|
0.1905 |
|
0.01 |
10 |
finger joints & others |
|
|
|
0.1284 |
|
|
67.9632 |
0.0699 |
182.651 |
0.2153 |
825.47 |
0.4659 |
4016.91 |
1.2674 |
2229 |
1.54 |
11 |
Others |
|
0.8182 |
|
17.3059 |
|
17.3886 |
|
30.0375 |
|
33.7407 |
|
10.5868 |
|
14.1613 |
|
113.5 |
|
Border Trade |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1 |
Teak logs |
24251.3 |
2.3747 |
115386 |
13.2504 |
231281 |
27.1662 |
1 -'9297 |
26.5594 |
88995.4 |
13.0823 |
132386 |
17.8357 |
15790.9 |
2.8818 |
|
|
2 |
Hardwood logs |
39991.8 |
1.2462 |
212699 |
10.0839 |
195888 |
9.9295 |
142583 |
7.7555 |
171100 |
8.2672 |
122961 |
6.7338 |
36850.9 |
4.0263 |
|
|
3 |
Others |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
0.9463 |
|
2.3608 |
|
3.0922 |
|
1.4494 |
|
|
|
Border Trade Total |
|
3.6056 |
|
23.3343 |
|
37.0958 |
|
35.2613 |
|
23.7647 |
|
27.6616 |
|
8.35755 |
|
|
|
Grand Total |
|
140.5604 |
|
169.78 |
|
155.349 |
|
122.327 |
|
156.27 |
|
156.916 |
|
198.511 |
|
192.8 |
* Source - MTE, in APFSOS/WP/08
Value Converted to US$ at 1994-95 Exchange rate of 1 US$ = Kyats 5.89
Table 92 - Myanmar - Production of teak and other hardwoods from 1988-89 to 1994-95 (in -1000m3
Fiscal year |
Teak |
Other hardwoods |
Total |
|||
logs |
Sawn timber |
Logs |
Sawn timber |
Logs |
Sawn timber |
|
1988-89 |
506 |
67 |
575 |
148 |
1,081 |
215 |
1989-90 |
594 |
97 |
735 |
188 |
1,284 |
285 |
1990-91 |
625 |
77 |
865 |
170 |
1,490 |
247 |
1991-92 |
550 |
82 |
966 |
168 |
1,516 |
250 |
1992-93 |
489 |
90 |
890 |
164 |
1,379 |
254 |
1993-94 |
470 |
58 |
1,075 |
167 |
1,545 |
225 |
1994-95 |
358 |
64 |
744 |
255 |
1,102 |
319 |
Source - Statistical Yearbook, 1995 CSO in APFSOS/WP/08
Table 93 - Myanmar - Domestic Sale Of Timber And Other Products By Mte 1988-89 to 1995-96
Sr. No. |
Particulars Regular |
1988-89 |
1989-90 |
1990-91 |
1991-92 |
1992-93 |
1993-94 |
1994-95 |
1995-96 |
||||||||
Qty |
Value |
Qty |
Value |
Qty |
Value |
Qty |
Value |
Qty |
Value |
Qty |
Value |
Qty |
Value |
Qty |
Value |
||
1 |
Teak lumber |
|
9.0946 |
|
14.8829 |
|
19.4408 |
|
22.4934 |
|
38.1481 |
|
53.96146 |
|
33.837 |
|
31.1925 |
2 |
Hardwood lumber |
|
19.4087 |
|
36.1372 |
|
30.3822 |
|
53.8703 |
|
95.6598 |
|
109.7849 |
|
134.2526 |
|
156.998 |
3 |
Teak log |
|
0.6324 |
|
0.2565 |
|
0.2725 |
|
0.3508 |
|
0.7638 |
|
1.5019 |
|
1.16638 |
|
4.4115 |
4 |
Hardwood log |
|
1.2846 |
|
1.6117 |
|
0.8672 |
|
2.65398 |
|
2.5973 |
|
3.7891 |
|
6.472 |
|
34.6085 |
5 |
ply wood |
|
3.9457 |
|
14.7345 |
|
9.992 |
|
20.4419 |
|
17.6572 |
|
12.1172 |
|
13.4686 |
|
16.2997 |
6 |
furniture |
|
1.7975 |
|
3.2088 |
|
3.0577 |
|
7.0433 |
|
9.5846 |
|
8.3022 |
|
8.7487 |
|
7.5053 |
7 |
Teak butt ends |
|
0.0481 |
|
0.8953 |
|
0.4737 |
|
2.0863 |
|
2.247 |
|
1.1172 |
|
0.9898 |
|
1.0638 |
8 |
Hardwood bull ends |
|
0.1134 |
|
0.7345 |
|
|
|
0.9715 |
|
1.6723 |
|
1.7022 |
|
1.438 |
|
2.2705 |
9 |
Parquet |
|
0.4346 |
|
0.5311 |
|
0.8022 |
|
1.4154 |
|
2.0402 |
|
2.1706 |
|
1.2105 |
|
0.7272 |
10 |
larm parquet |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
0.2795 |
|
0.0112 |
|
0.9664 |
|
0.5569 |
|
0.546 |
11 |
plywood local sales |
|
0.9489 |
|
|
|
5.0825 |
|
9.5652 |
|
6.1358 |
|
2.766 |
|
0.9508 |
|
0.921 |
12 |
Others |
|
0.7522 |
|
1.0807 |
|
0.6272 |
|
1.0404 |
|
9.4005 |
|
10.5473 |
|
10.0703 |
|
18.33 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Source - MTE |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total |
|
38.1303 |
|
74.166 |
|
71.3823 |
|
132.1316 |
|
188.436 |
|
208.2528 |
|
213.29 |
|
274.869 |
* Source - MTE, in APFSOS/WP/08
Value Convened to US$ at 1994 - 95 exchange rate 1 US$ = Kyats 5.89
Table 94 - Myanmar - Production Of Minor Forest Produce 1988 - 89 to 1994 - 95
Sr. No. |
Description |
Unit |
1988-89 |
1989-90 |
1990-91 |
1991 -92 |
1992-93 |
1993-94 |
1994-95 |
1 |
Bamboo |
million nos. |
878 |
933 |
939 |
962 |
940 |
919 |
946 |
2 |
Rattan |
million nos. |
57 |
75 |
75 |
92 |
81 |
81 |
73 |
3 |
Cutch |
Metric Ton |
241 |
338 |
197 |
86 |
166 |
331 |
184 |
4 |
Bark (for tanning) |
Metric Ton |
307 |
958 |
779 |
970 |
1112 |
2537 |
1050 |
5 |
Shaw (fibre) |
Metric Ton |
380 |
369 |
418 |
428 |
431 |
388 |
398 |
6 |
Kalamet |
Metric Ton |
49 |
62 |
11 |
24 |
85 |
63 |
26 |
7 |
Indwe-pwenyet |
Metric Ton |
424 |
467 |
1104 |
1133 |
808 |
833 |
899 |
8 |
Thanaka |
Metric Ton |
279 |
428 |
521 |
496 |
468 |
493 |
426 |
|
(Limonia accidissima) |
Metric Ton |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
9 |
Pine resin |
Metric Ton |
178 |
411 |
139 |
385 |
179 |
11 |
2 |
10 |
Honey |
Metric Ton |
52 |
23 |
21 |
23 |
29 |
16 |
21 |
11 |
Bat guano |
Metric Ton |
276 |
214 |
220 |
279 |
302 |
240 |
271 |
12 |
Lac |
Metric Ton |
45 |
44 |
140 |
277 |
52 |
262 |
254 |
13 |
Edible bird nest |
Kilogram |
1665 |
726 |
679 |
390 |
992 |
1523 |
2923 |
14 |
Bee wax |
Kilogram |
628 |
1265 |
834 |
1500 |
924 |
530 |
1134 |
15 |
Thatch roofing sheet |
million nos. |
882 |
1090 |
910 |
933 |
922 |
927 |
920 |
16 |
Orchid |
thousand |
17 |
12 |
62 |
496 |
106 |
16 |
15 |
|
|
nos. |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Source - Forestry Fact Sheet, 1996, Statistical year book, 1995, in APFSOS/WP/08.
Table 95 - Myanmar - Fuelwood consumption sources 1994
Myanmar |
1994 |
||
Area |
Mass |
Energy |
|
CONSUMPTION |
1000 ha |
kton |
PJ |
total wood fuels |
|
23,058 |
346 |
POTENTIAL SUPPLY |
|
|
|
sust. woodfuel from forest land |
27,539 |
45,928 |
689 |
sust. woodfuel from agricultural areas |
10,779 |
6,884 |
103 |
sust. woodfuel from other wooded lands |
20,325 |
11,782 |
177 |
waste woodfuels from deforestation |
-396 |
65,341 |
980 |
total potentially available woodfuels* |
58,247 |
129,935 |
1,949 |
50% of crop processing residues |
10,779 |
4,350 |
66 |
total potentially available biomass fuels |
|
134,285 |
2,015 |
*Area = 89% of geographical land area in APFSOS/WP/34
Table 96(a): Myanmar - Trade in Non-Wood Forest Products from 1992 to 1996
|
Export |
|||||
1092-1993 |
1993-1994 |
1994-1995 |
1995-1996 |
1996-1997 |
||
Lac, Natural Gums, Resins, etc. |
|
|
|
|
||
|
Quantity (MT) |
181 |
366 |
295 |
200 |
222 |
|
Value (000$) |
110 |
223 |
183 |
126 |
142 |
Edible Bird Nest |
||||||
|
Quantity (Kg) |
- |
1477 |
2080 |
1379 |
1197 |
|
Value (000$) |
543 |
543 |
760 |
506 |
440 |
Bamboo |
||||||
|
Quantity (Million No.) |
213 |
371 |
120 |
1128 |
843 |
|
Value (000$) |
128 |
234 |
79 |
677 |
582 |
Rattan |
||||||
|
Quantity (MT) |
4378 |
1398 |
5428 |
4225 |
2804 |
|
Value (000$) |
2058 |
690 |
2813 |
2248 |
1601 |
Natural Rubber |
||||||
|
Quantity (MT) |
- |
- |
20429 |
63285 |
25454 |
|
Value (000$) |
- |
- |
19407 |
63125 |
26659 |
Table 96 (b): Myanmar - Employment in the Forest Department
Particulars |
Officers |
Subordinate Staff |
Total |
Head Office |
117 |
1,320 |
1,437 |
Special Divisions |
111 |
2,555 |
2,666 |
States and Divisions |
28 |
1,032 |
1,060 |
Districts |
72 |
1,008 |
1,080 |
Township |
147 |
8,361 |
8,508 |
Institute of Forestry |
49 |
138 |
187 |
Total |
524 |
14,414 |
14,938 |
Table 96 (c): Myanmar - Employment in Forest Services
Name of Department |
Officer |
Staff |
Total |
Forest Department |
524 |
14,414 |
14,938 |
Myanmar Timber Enterprise |
1,119 |
45,893 |
47,012 |
Dry Zone Greening Department |
137 |
3,094 |
3,231 |
Total |
1,780 |
63,401 |
65,181 |
Note : data provided by the Ministry of Forestry, Myanmar.