x3996e44

APPENDIX 2

PROXIMATE COMPOSITION OF FAOODS

(Per 100 g edible portion)

Food	Waste (g)	Moisture (%)	Energy (kcal)	Protein (g)	Total fat (g)	Total carbo- hydrates	Ca (mg)	Fe (mg)	Retinol (mg	Provitamin A			B vitamins				Folic acid (mg)	Vitamin C (mg)
										b-carotene (mg)	Other (mg)	B₁ (mg)	B₂ (mg)	B₆ (mg)	B₁₂ (mg)	Niacin (mg)
Cereals and grain products
Maize, white, whole kernel, dried	0	12	345	9.4	4.2	72	16	3.6	0	0	0	0.33	0.10	0.20	-	2.2	-	0
Maize, yellow,whole kernel, dried	-	10	355	10.0	4.8	72	13	4.9	0	125	0	0.32	0.12	0.20	-	1.7	-	4
Maize, white, flour, 60-80% extraction	0	12	335	8.0	1.0	77	6	1.1	0	0	0	0.14	0.05	0.12	-	1.0	-	0
Maize, yellow, meal (unga wa mahindi)	0	12	340	9.3	3.8	72	17	4.2	0	140	0	0.30	0.08	0.20	-	1.8	-	3
Maize, white, meal (dona)	0	12	345	10.0	4.5	70	12	2.5	0	0	0	0.35	0.13	-	-	2.0	-	3
Millet, finger, whole grain	7	11	315	7.4	1.3	73	395	17.0	0	25	0	0.18	0.11	-	-	0.8	-	1
Millet, finger, flour	0	13	320	5.6	1.4	74	315	54.0	0	25	0	0.22	0.10	-	-	0.8	-	0
Millet, bullrush, whole grain	0	12	340	10.0	4.0	70	22	21.0	0	25	0	0.30	0.22	-	-	1.7	-	3
Millet, bullrush, flour	0	16	335	5.9	3.5	71	17	39.0	-	-	-	0.18	0.22	-	-	1.0	-	-
Rice, lightly milled, parboiled	0	12	335	7.0	0.5	80	9	1.7	0	0	0	0.25	0.03	0.30	-	2.8	29	0
Rice, milled, polished	0	12	335	7.0	0.5	80	9	1.7	0	0	0	0.10	0.03	0.30	0	2.8	29	0
Sorghum, whole grain	5	10	345	11.0	3.2	72	26	11.0	0	20	0	0.34	0.15	0.25	-	3.3	-	0
Sorghum, flour	0	11	335	9.5	2.8	73	28	10.0	0	20	0	0.28	0.09	-	-	3.4	-	0
Wheat, whole, parboiled	0	12	330	12.0	1.8	71	54	6.1	0	0	0	0.36	0.09	0.35	0	3.8	57	0
Wheat, flour, 85% extraction	0	12	340	11.0	2.0	74	36	3.6	0	0	0	0.37	0.08	0.30	0	2.8	51	0
Starchy roots, tubers and fruits
Breadfruit, pulp, raw	34	72	99	1.5	0.3	24	28	2.0	0	5	10	0.08	0.05	0	-	0.7	-	31
Cassava, bitter, fresh	26	62	140	1.2	0.2	35	68	1.9	0	15	30	0.04	0.05	-	0	0.6	24	31
Cassava, meal	0	13	320	1.6	0.5	82	66	3.6	0	0	0	0.06	0.05	0	0	0.9	-	4
Plantain, ripe, raw	34	65	130	1.2	0.3	32	8	1.3	0	390	780	0.08	0.04	0.25	0	0.6	16	20
Potato, raw	14	78	75	1.7	0.1	18	13	1.1	0	12	26	0.07	0.03	0.27	0	1.3	14	21
Sweet potato, yellow, raw	21	69	110	1.6	0.2	28	33	2.0	0	1 800	0	0.09	0.04	0.27	0	0.7	52	37
Sweet potato, pale, raw	21	69	110	1.6	0.2	28	33	2.0	0	35	0	0.09	0.04	0.20	0	0.7	52	37
Taro or cocoyam, raw	16	73	94	1.8	0.1	23	51	1.2	0	0	0	0.10	0.03	-	0	0.8	-	8
Yam, fresh	16	69	110	1.9	0.2	27	52	0.8	0	15	10	0.11	0.02	-	0	0.3	-	6
Yam, flour	0	14	310	3.4	0.4	78	20	1.1	0	0	0	0.10	0.08	-	-	1.1	-	0
Grain legumes and legume products
Beans, dried	0	12	320	22.0	1.5	57	120	8.2	0	0	0	0.37	0.16	0.20	0	2.4	180	1
Chickpeas, whole seeds, raw, dried	0	10	325	20.0	3.7	57	250	11.0	0	30	60	0.48	0.16	-	0	1.8	180	8
Cowpeas, mature pods, dried	0	11	320	23.0	1.4	57	80	5.0	0	15	0	0.90	0.15	0.20	0	2.0	439	2
Cowpeas, young green pods, raw	-	89	39	3.7	0.6	5	54	1.4	0	230	460	0.14	0.10	-	-	1.0	-	24
Lentils, dried	0	10	325	25.0	1.2	57	64	7.0	0	30	60	0.41	0.19	0.60	0	2.2	35	0
Pigeon peas, dried	0	10	310	20.0	1.3	58	160	5.0	0	28	55	0.72	0.14	0.20	-	2.9	100
Soybeans, dried	0	11	405	34.0	18.0	29	185	6.1	0	28	55	0.71	0.25	0.82	0	2.0	210	0
Nuts and seeds
Bambara groundnuts,fresh	25	10	345	19.0	6.2	57	62	12.0	0	10	0	0.47	0.14	-	-	1.8	-	0
Cashew nuts, dried	0	8	560	17.0	43.0	28	76	18.0	0	3	4	0.65	0.25	-	0	1.6	-	7
Coconut, mature kernel, fresh	35	43	390	3.6	39.0	7	21	2.5	0	13	24	0.03	0.03	0.07	0	0.6	26	2
Groundnuts, dry	30	7	570	23.0	45.0	20	49	3.8	0	8	14	0.79	0.14	0.50	0	15.5	110	1
Melon seeds, without coat	25	6	595	26.0	50.0	11	53	7.4	0	0	0	0.10	0.12	-	-	1.4	-	-
Pumpkin seeds, without coat	25	6	575	23.0	46.0	19	57	2.8	0	9	18	0.15	0.12	-	-	1.4	-	2
Sunflower seeds, without coat	4	4	590	20.0	46.0	26	100	7.6	0	0	0	1.36	0.16	-	-	3.3	-	-
Vegetables and vegetable products
Amaranth leaves, raw	24	84	45	4.6	0.2	7	410	8.9	0	2 300	85	0.05	0.42	-	0	1.2	85	50
Amaranth leaves, cooked	0	84	39	4.0	0.2	6	360	7.7	0	1 700	60	-	-	-	-	-	-	34
Baobab leaves, raw	18	77	67	3.8	0.3	13	400	1.1	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	52
Bean sprouts, raw	20	64	130	13.0	0.8	19	110	8.2	0	15	30	0.17	0.14	-	-	2.0	-	7
Carrots, raw	26	89	35	0.9	0.1	8	35	0.7	0	6 000	1 050	0.04	0.04	0.25	0	0.6	8	8
Cassava leaves, raw	20	72	90	7.0	1.0	14	300	7.6	0	3 000	0	0.25	0.60	-	-	2.4	-	310
Cauliflower, raw	44	92	25	2.0	0.1	4	35	1.2	0	8	15	0.06	0.09	0.27	0	0.5	22	96
Cowpea leaves, raw, fresh	5	85	45	4.7	0.3	6	255	5.7	0	700	0	0.20	0.37	0.24	0	2.1	135	56
Cowpea leaves, raw, dried	5	10	270	28.0	1.8	36	1 500	35	0	3 600	0	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
Eggplant, raw	22	90	30	1.0	0.2	6	14	1.3	0	17	34	0.05	0.05	0.10	0	0.5	29	9
Mushrooms, fresh	9	90	29	1.5	0.5	5	20	1.5	0	0	0	0.10	0.40	0.10	0	4.0	23	3
Okra, pods, raw	19	89	35	2.1	0.2	7	84	1.2	0	190	0	0.04	0.08	0.22	0	0.6	23	47
Okra, leaves, raw	20	82	58	4.4	0.6	9	530	0.7	0	730	0	0.25	2.80	-	-	0.2	-	59
Pepper, capsules, sweet green, raw	14	86	44	2.0	0.8	8	29	2.6	0	730	190	0.12	0.15	0.37	-	2.2	24	140
Pepper, capsules, sweet red, raw	14	86	44	2.0	0.8	8	29	2.6	0	640	115	0.12	0.15	0.37	-	2.2	24	140
Pepper leaves, raw	20	82	73	4.6	3.4	6	170	10.0	0	3 500	1 050	-	-	-	-	-	-	2
Pumpkin, raw	23	93	23	1.0	0.1	5	25	1.4	0	1 200	1 100	0.05	0.02	0.10	0	0.5	8	8
Pumpkin leaves, raw	-	89	25	4.0	0.2	2	475	0.8	0	1 000	0	0.08	0.06	-	-	0.3	-	80
Sweet potato leaves, raw	20	83	49	4.6	0.2	8	160	6.2	0	2 620	875	0.10	0.28	-	-	0.9	-	70
Taro leaves, raw	-	90	31	2.4	0.6	4	98	2.0	0	1 530	540	0.17	0.35	-	-	0.8	-	11
Tomato, raw	4	94	22	1.0	0.2	4	10	0.6	0	380	135	0.06	0.04	0.06	0	0.6	28	26
Fruit
Avocado, raw	50	80	120	1.4	11.0	4	19	1.4	0	400	265	0.05	0.15	0.25	0	2.0	22	18
Baobab, ripe, raw	72	16	280	2.2	0.8	70	285	7.4	0	63	35	0.37	0.06	-	-	2.1	-	270
Banana, ripe, raw	37	77	82	1.5	0.1	20	9	1.4	0	90	60	0.03	0.03	0.35	0	0.6	19	9
Orange or tangerine, raw	25	88	44	0.6	0.4	10	28	0.1	0	730	0	0.02	0.03	0.05	0	0.2	37	46
Grapefruit or pomelo, raw	49	90	34	0.8	0.1	8	21	0.6	0	250	0	0.05	0.03	0.03	0	0.2	12	44
Lemon or lime, raw	41	90	40	0.6	0.8	8	19	0.7	0	8	4	0.03	0.02	0.04	0	0.3	-	45
Dates, dried	13	17	295	2.7	0.6	74	82	9.4	0	23	14	0.06	0.15	0.21	0	1.8	20	0
Guava, raw	19	82	46	1.1	0.4	10	24	1.3	0	220	145	0.06	0.04	0.14	0	1.3	7	325
Mango, ripe, raw, without skin	36	83	60	0.6	0.2	15	24	1.2	0	2 400	0	0.03	0.05	0.13	0	0.4	7	42
Mango, unripe, raw, without skin	36	84	55	0.5	0.1	14	7	1.4	0	60	0	0.02	0.03	0.10	-	0.2	7	86
Papaya, raw	26	91	30	0.4	0.1	7	21	0.6	0	300	0	0.03	0.03	0.02	0	0.4	1	52
Pineapple, fresh	33	87	48	0.4	0.1	12	16	0.4	0	70	45	0.06	0.03	0.09	0	0.1	11	34
Tamarind, dried	36	21	220	5.0	0.6	52	165	2.2	0	45	30	0.18	0.09	0.08	0	0.6	-	9
Watermelon	50	94	22	0.5	0.1	5	8	0.3	0	190	125	0.04	0.05	0.10	0	0.1	3	8
Sugars and syrups
Soft drinks, commercial	0	87	45	0	0	12	10	-	0	0	0	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
Sugar cane	55	82	54	0.6	0.1	13	8	1.4	0	-	-	0.02	0.01	-	-	0.1	-	3
Sugar	0	0	375	0	0	100	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Meat, poultry and eggs
Beef, moderately fat	20	63	235	18.0	18.0	0	11	3.6	24	5	0	0.26	0.15	0.25	1.4	4.0	7	0
Egg, hen	12	75	140	12.0	10.0	1	45	2.0	150	300	0	0.10	0.30	0.15	1.7	0.3	25	0
Goat, moderately fat	26	68	170	18.0	11.0	0	11	2.3	0	0	0	0.17	0.32	-	-	5.6	-	-
Heart, beef	-	77	105	17.0	3.6	1	9	4.8	40	10	0	0.28	0.28	0.36	13.0	2.7	0	1
Kidney, beef	-	77	115	14.0	5.5	3	13	4.6	300	0	0	0.28	1.50	0.45	19.0	5.8	52	10
Liver, beef	-	70	135	19.0	4.7	5	8	10.0	810	180	0	0.50	3.00	0.35	53.0	10.0	250	15
Mutton, moderately fat	20	61	255	17.0	21.0	0	10	2.0	10	0	0	0.12	0.17	0.40	2.9	3.1	-	-
Pork, moderately fat	18	46	410	12.0	40.0	0	11	1.8	0	0	0	0.60	0.14	0.38	5.5	3.1	40	-
Poultry, e.g. chicken	33	72	140	20.0	6.5	0	10	1.1	75	60	0	0.10	0.15	0.20	0.3	3.7	-	0
Fish and fish products
Fish, average fillet	0	75	115	22.0	3.0	0	32	1.7	0	0	0	0.05	0.08	0.16	-	2.8	-	0
Fish, dried	-	14	255	47.0	7.4	0	1 000	4.9	0	0	0	0.07	0.33	-	-	6.2	-	0
Small dried fish (dagaa)	-	20	320	44.0	16.0	-	3 000	8.5	-	-	-	0.10	0.20	-	-	6.0	-	0
Milk and milk products
Milk, cow, whole	0	85	79	3.8	4.8	5	145	0	27	80	0	0.04	0.21	0.05	0.4	0.1	6	1
Milk powder, cow, whole	-	4	465	26.0	24.0	38	1 000	0.5	400	345	0	0.28	1.30	0.25	-	0.7	-	0
Milk powder, cow, skimmed (DSM),vitamin-A-enriched	-	-	355	36.0	-	-	1 260	1.0	1 500	0	0	0.45	1.50	-	-	1.1	-	1
Milk, goat	0	84	84	3.4	4.9	7	160	0.1	25	0	0	0.06	0.22	0.04	0.1	0.4	-	1
Oils and fats
Butter, from cows' milk	0	21	700	0	77.0	2	15	0	640	545	0	0.01	0.08	0	-	0.1	-	0
Coconut oil	0	0	900	0	100.0	0	2	0	0	0	0	0	0	-	-	0	-	-
Fish-liver oil	0	0	900	0	100.0	0	-	-	140 000	30 000	0	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
Ghee, clarified butter	0	1	885	0	98.0	1	2	0.4	270	230	0	-	0.01	-	-	-	-	-
Lard or animal fat	0	1	890	0	99.0	0	1	0.1	0	0	0	0	0	0	-	0	0	0
Red palm oil, fresh	0	1	890	0	99.0	0	6	0	0	25 000	10 000	0.01	0.02	0	0	0	0	-
Red palm oil, stale	0	1	890	0	99.0	0	6	0	0	12 000	4 800	-	0.01	0.02	0	0	0	-
Salad oil	0	0	900	0	100.0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	-	0	-	0
Sunflower oil	0	0	900	0	100.0	0	-	0	0	25	0	0	-	-	-	0	-	0
Other
Beer, local	0	-	25	0.2	-	-	0	0.3	0	0	0	0.02	0.01	-	-	0.4	-	0
Caterpillars, dried	-	9	390	53.0	15.0	12	185	2.3	-	-	-	0.17	1.30	-	-	6.0	-	0
Coconut milk	0	94	21	0.2	0.4	5	24	0.3		0	0	0	0	0	0	0	-	3
Termites, fresh	-	45	340	20.0	28.0	2	12	1.0	0	0	0	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
Yeast, baker's dry	-	70	52	11.0	0.4	1	25	5.0	0	-	-	0.71	1.70	0.6	-	11.0	-	0

Source: West, Pepping and Temalilwa, 1988.

Notes: As values reported for the proportions of waste in individual foods as purchased vary widely, the data presented in the first column should be considered only as estimates. The values for waste are expressed as g per 100 g food "as purchased" (that is, including the waste). Therefore, the edible portion can be estimated by multiplying the amount of food as purchased by the factor 100(100 + x) where x is the value for waste in the table.

The reported values for the moisture content of a particular food item vary from one to another, particularly for foods with a high moisture content such as fruits and vegetables. Reported differences in nutrient content are often due largely to differences in moisture content rather than to differences in the nutrient content of the dry matter of the food. Thus, when data for foods with a high moisture content were derived from a number of sources, correction was made for the moisture content.

-: Unknown. 0: Trace.