ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This report is the result of a joint effort of the 72 participants at the Inter-agency Forum on Operationalizing Sustainable Livelihoods Approaches held at the Certosa di Pontignano, near Siena, Italy, 7-11 March 2000. It highlights the main experiences, lessons and issues emerging from Forum background papers, case study reports, an e-mail conference, plenary sessions and working group discussions. Vanda Altarelli and Alice Carloni prepared this report, with contributions from Robin Marsh, Katherine Warner, Stephen Baas, Jane Clark, Rathin Roy, David Kingsbury, Ian Cherrett and Tim Robertson. The report was edited by Omar Sattaur. Philip Townsley provided special assistance with graphics, and the layout was designed by Paul Hollingworth.