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REFERENCES 1 - LITERATURE SOURCES

(See next section for Internet sources)

Aderhold, D., Williams, C.J. & Edyvean, R.G.J. 1996. The removal of heavy-metal ions by seaweeds and their derivatives. Bioresource Technology, 58: 1-6.

Armisen, R. 1995. World-wide use and importance of Gracilaria. Journal of Applied Phycology, 7: 231-243.

Armisen, R. 1997. Agar. pp. 1-21. In A. Imeson (ed). Thickening and gelling agents for food. London: Blackie Academic and Professional.

Armisen, R. & Galatas, F. 1987. Production, properties and uses of agar. pp. 1-57. In FAO, 1987, q.v.

Armisen, R. & Galatas, F. 2000. Agar. pp. 21-40. In G. Phillips and P. Williams (eds). Handbook of hydrocolloids. Boca Raton, FL: CRC.

Ask, E.I. 1999. Cottonii and spinosum cultivation handbook. FMC Corporation, USA. To request a copy of this Handbook, write, explaining why you need it, to Erick Ask, FMC BioPolymer, 1735 Market St., West Orange, NJ 07052, USA.

Bird, K.T. & Benson, P.H. (eds). 1987. Seaweed cultivation for renewable resources. New York, NY: Elsevier Press. 381 pp.

Bixler, H.J. 1996. Recent developments in manufacturing and marketing carrageenan. Hydrobiologia, 326/327: 35-57.

Blunden, G. 1991. Agricultural uses of seaweeds and seaweed extracts. pp. 65-81. In Guiry & Blunden, 1991, q.v.

Burges Watson, D.L. 1999. Farming the sea: seaweed cultivation in Nusa Lembongan, Indonesia. Asian Studies, Australian National University, Canberra [BA (Hons) Thesis]. 94 pp.

Buschmann, A.H., Westermeier, R. & Retamales, C.A. 1995. Cultivation of Gracilaria on the sea-bottom in southern Chile: a review. Journal of Applied Phycology, 7: 291-301.

Buschmann, A.H., Troell, M. & Kautsky, N. 2001. Integrated algal farming: a review. Cah. Biol. Mar., 42: 83-90.

Buschmann, A.H., Correa, J.A., Westermeier, R., Hernandez-Gonzalez, M.C. & Norambuena, R. 2001. Red algal farming in Chile: a review. Aquaculture, 194: 203-220.

Chapman, V.J. & Chapman, D.J. 1980. Seaweeds and their uses. London: Chapman & Hall. 334 pp.

Chopin, T. 1998. The seaweed resources of eastern Canada. pp. 289-291. In Critchley & Ohno, 1998, q.v.

Chopin, T., Yarish, C., Wilkes, R., Belyea, E., Lu, S. & Mathieson, A. 1999. Developing Porphyra/salmon integrated aquaculture for bioremediation and diversification of the aquaculture industry. Journal of Applied Phycology, 11: 463-472.

Clare, K. 1993. Algin. pp. 105-143. In R.L. Whistler and J.N. BeMiller (eds). Industrial gums. San Diego, California: Academic Press.

Critchley, A.T. & Ohno, M. (eds). 1997. Cultivation and farming of marine plants. CD-ROM, Expert Centre for Taxonomic Identification (ETI), University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam. ISBN 3-540-14549-4. Springer Verlag Electronic Media Dept, New York.

Critchley, A.T. & Ohno, M. (eds). 1998. Seaweed resources of the world. Yokosuka, Japan: Japan International Cooperation Agency. 429 pp.

Crouch, I.J. & van Staden, J. 1993. Evidence for the presence of plant growth regulators in commercial seaweed products. Plant Growth Regulation, 13: 21-29.

Dawes, C.P. 1995. Suspended cultivation of Gracilaria in the sea. Journal of Applied Phycology, 7: 303-313.

De Roeck-Holtzhauer, Y. 1991. Uses of seaweeds in cosmetics. pp. 83-94. In Guiry & Blunden, 1991, q.v.

Doty, M.S. 1986. The production and use of Eucheuma. pp. 123-164. In FAO, 1987b, q.v.

FAO. 1987a. Production and utilization of products from commercial seaweeds. Edited by D.J. McHugh. FAO Fisheries Technical Paper, 288. See also Referenced 2-Internet sources, below.

FAO. 1987b. Case studies of seven commercial seaweed resources. Edited by M.S. Doty, J.F. Caddy and B. Santelices. FAO Fisheries Technical Paper, 281.

Figueira, M.M., Volesky, B., Ciminelli, V.S.T. & Roddick, F.A. 2000. Biosorption of metals in brown seaweed biomass. Water Research, 34: 196-204.

Fletcher, R.L. 1995. Epiphytism and fouling in Gracilaria cultivation: an overview. Journal of Applied Phycology, 7: 325-333.

Fleurence, J. 1999. Seaweed proteins: biochemical, nutritional aspects and potential uses. Trends in Food Science and Technology, 10: 25-28.

Flowers, A.B. & Bird, K.T. 1987. Methane production from seaweeds. pp. 575-587. In I. Akatsuka (ed). Introduction to applied phycology. The Hague: SPB Academic Publishing.

Foscarini, R. & Prakash, J. 1990. Handbook on Eucheuma seaweed cultivation in Fiji. Ministry of Primary Industries, Suva (Fiji). Fisheries Div., 42 pp. (Field document of FAO Project RAS/116/JPN, South Pacific Aquaculture Development. FAO Library Accession No: 306175.)

Friedlander, M. & Levy, I. 1995. Cultivation of Gracilaria in outdoor tanks and ponds. Journal of Applied Phycology, 7: 315-324.

Glicksman, M. 1983. Red seaweed extracts (agar, carrageenan, furcelleran). pp. 73-113. In M. Glicksman (ed). Food hydrocolloids, Vol II. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press.

Guiry, M.D. & Blunden, G. (eds). 1991. Seaweed resources in Europe: uses and potential. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons.

Hansen, J.E., Packard, J.E. & Doyle, W.T. 1981. Mariculture of red seaweeds. Report-T-CSGCP-002, California Sea Grant College Program Publication, La Jolla. 42 pp.

Hernández-Carmona, G., McHugh, D.J. & López-Gutiérrez, F. 1999. Pilot plant scale extraction of alginate from Macrocystis pyrifera. 2. Studies on extraction conditions and methods of separating the alkaline-insoluble residue. Journal of Applied Phycology, 11: 493-502.

Hernández-Carmona, G., McHugh, D.J., Arvizu-Higuera, D.L. & Rodríguez-Montesinos, Y.E. 1998. Pilot plant scale extraction of alginate from Macrocystis pyrifera. 1. Effect of pre-extraction treatments on yield and quality of alginate. Journal of Applied Phycology, 10: 507-513.

Hernández-Carmona, G., McHugh, D.J., Arvizu-Higuera, D.L. & Rodríguez-Montesinos, Y.E. 2002. Pilot plant scale extraction of alginate from Macrocystis pyrifera. 4. Conversion of alginic acid to sodium alginate, drying and milling. Journal of Applied Phycology (in press).

Horn, J., Aasen, I.M. & Oestgaard, K. 2000. Ethanol production from seaweed extract. Journal of Industrial Microbiology and Biotechnology, 25: 249-254.

Indergaard, M. & Minsaas, J. 1991. Animal and human nutrition. pp. 21-64. In Guiry & Blunden, 1991, q.v.

Kaas, R. 1998. The seaweed resources of France. pp. 233-244. In Critchley & Ohno, 1998, q.v.

Kain, J.M. 1991. Cultivation of attached seaweeds. pp. 309-377. In Guiry & Blunden, 1991, q.v.

Kapraun, D.F. 1999. Red algal polysaccharide industry: economics and research status at the turn of the century. Hydrobiologia, 398/399: 7-14.

Kawashima, S. 1993. Cultivation of the brown alga, Laminaria "Kombu". pp. 25-40. In Ohno & Critchley, 1993, q.v.

Kim, D.-S., Kim, H.-R., Kim, J.-H. & Pyeun, J.-H. 2000. Pilot scale preparation and physicochemical characteristics of microbiological agar from Gelidium amansii in Korea [in Korean]. Journal of the Korean Fisheries Society (Pusan), 33: 70-74.

King, A.H. 1983. Brown seaweed extracts (alginates). pp. 115-188. In M. Glicksman (ed). Food hydrocolloids, Vol II. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press.

Lombardi, J.V., Marques, H.L.A. & Barreto, O.J.S. 2001. Floating cages in open sea water: an alternative for promoting integrated aquaculture in Brazil. World Aquaculture, 32: 47, 49-50.

Lüning, K. 1990. Seaweeds. Their environment, biogeography, and ecophysiology. New York, NY: John Wiley & Sons.

McHugh, D.J. 1987. Production, properties and uses of alginates. pp. 58-115. In FAO, 1987a, q.v. See also References 2 - Internet sources, below.

McHugh, D.J. 1991. Worldwide distribution of commercial resources of seaweeds including Gelidium. Hydrobiologia, 221: 19-29.

McHugh, D.J., Hernández-Carmona, G., Arvizu-Higuera, D.L. & Rodríguez-Montesinos, Y.E. 2001. Pilot plant scale extraction of alginate from Macrocystis pyrifera. 3. Precipitation, bleaching and conversion of calcium alginate to alginic acid. Journal of Applied Phycology, 13: 471-479.

Metting, B., Zimmerman, W.J., Crouch, I. & van Staden, J. 1990. Agronomic uses of seaweed and microalgae. pp. 589-627. In I. Akatsuka (ed). Introduction to applied phycology. The Hague: SPB Academic Publishing.

Morand, P., Carpentier, B., Charlier, R.H., Maze, J., Orlandini, M., Plunkett, B.A. & de Waart, J. 1991. Bioconversion of seaweeds. pp. 95-148. In Guiry & Blunden, 1991, q.v.

Mumford, T.F. & Muira, A. 1988. Porphyra as food: cultivation and economics. pp. 87-117. In C.A. Lembi and J.R. Waaland (eds). Algae and human affairs. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.

Nelson, S.G., Glenn, E.P., Conn, J., Moore, D., Walsh, T. & Akutagawa, M. 2001. Cultivation of Gracilaria parvispora (Rhodophyta) in shrimp-farm effluent ditches and floating cages in Hawaii: a two-phase polyculture system. Aquaculture, 193: 239-248.

Neori, A., Shpigel, M. & Ben-Ezra, D. 2000. A sustainable integrated system for culture of fish, seaweed and abalone. Aquaculture, 186: 279-291.

Nisizawa, K. 1987. Preparation and marketing of seaweeds as foods. pp. 147-189. In FAO, 1987a, q.v.

Nisizawa, K., Noda, H., Kikuchi, R. & Watanabe, T. 1987. The main seaweed foods of Japan. Hydrobiologia, 151/152: 5-29.

Norambuena, R. 1996. Recent trends of seaweed production in Chile. Hydrobiologia, 326/327: 371-379.

Nussinovitch, A. 1997. Hydrocolloid applications: gum technology in the food and other industries. New York, NY: Blackie Academic & Professional. 354 pp.

Ohno, M. 1993. Cultivation of the green alga, Monostroma and Enteromorpha "aonori". pp. 51-56. In Ohno, & Critchley, 1993, q.v.

Ohno, M. & Critchley, A.T. (eds). 1993. Seaweed cultivation and marine ranching. Yokosuka, Japan: Japan International Cooperation Agency. 151 pp.

Ohno, M. & Largo, D.B. 1998. The seaweed resources of Japan. pp. 1-14. In Critchley & Ohno, 1998. q.v.

Ohno, M. & Matsuoka, M. 1993. Undaria cultivation "wakame". pp. 41-56. In Ohno & Critchley, 1993, q.v.

Oliveira, E.C., Alveal, K. & Anderson, R.J. 2000. Mariculture of the agar-producing Gracilarioid red algae. Reviews in Fisheries Science, 8: 345-377.

Onsoyen, E. 1997. Alginates. pp. 22-44. In A. Imeson (ed). Thickening and gelling agents for food. London: Blackie Academic and Professional.

Oohusa, T. 1993. The cultivation of Porphyra "nori". pp. 57-73. In Ohno & Critchley, 1993, q.v.

Pan, J.F., Lin, R.G. & Ma, L. 2000. A review of heavy metal adsorption by marine algae [in English]. Chinese Journal of Oceanology and Limnology, 18: 260-264.

Porse, H. 1998. Global seaweed market trends. Plenary presentation at XVIth International Seaweed Symposium, Cebu City, Philippines, 12-17 April 1998.

Pringle, J.D. & Mathieson, A.C. 1986. Chondrus crispus Stackhouse. pp. 49-122. In FAO, 1987b, q.v.

Romero-Gonzalez, M.E., Williams, C.J. & Gardiner, P.H.E. 2001. Study of the mechanisms of cadmium biosorption by dealginated seaweed waste. Environmental Science and Technology, July, 2001.

Romo, H., Ávila y A., M. & Candia, A. 2001. Manual de técnicas de cultivo y repoblación de "Luga Roja" (Gigartina skottsbergii). Proyecto FONDEF D9711064. IFOP - Universidad de Concepcion, Chile. 32 pp. [in Spanish]. Copies can be requested from: M. Avila, División de Acuicultura, Instituto de Fomento Pesquero, Balmaceda 252, Puerto Montt, Chile.

Santelices, B. 1991. Production ecology of Gelidium. Hydrobiologia, 221: 31-44.

Santelices, B. 1999. A conceptual framework for marine agronomy. Hydrobiologia, 398/399: 15-23.

Santelices, B. & Doty, M.S. 1989. A review of Gracilaria farming. Aquaculture, 78: 95-133.

Schramm, W. 1991a. Cultivation of unattached seaweeds. pp. 378-408. In Guiry & Blunden, 1991, q.v.

Schramm, W. 1991b. Seaweeds for wastewater treatment and recycling of nutrients. pp. 149-168. In Guiry & Blunden, 1991, q.v.

Sohn, C.H. 1998. The seaweed resources of Korea. pp. 15-33. In Critchley & Ohno, 1998, q.v.

Sohn, C.H. 1999. Economic seaweed resources and cultivation in Korea. World Aquaculture, March: 32, 34-36.

Sohn, C.H. & Kain, J.M. 1989. Undaria, Laminaria and Enteromorpha cultivation in Korea. pp. 42-45, in: J.M. Kain, J.W. Andrews and B.J. McGregor (eds). Outdoor seaweed cultivation. Proceedings of the Second Workshop of COST 48 Subgroup 1, Port Erin, Isle of Man, UK, 21-23 April 1989.

Stanley, N. 1987. Production, properties and uses of carrageenan. pp. 116-146. In FAO, 1987a, q.v.

Stanley, N.F. 1990. Carrageenan. pp. 79-119. In P. Harris (ed). Food Gels. London: Elsevier Applied Science.

Stirk, W.A. & van Staden, J. 2000. Removal of heavy metals from solution using dried brown seaweed material. Botanica Marina, 43: 467-473.

Therkelsen, G.H. 1993. Carrageenan. pp. 145-180, in: R.L. Whistler and J.N. BeMiller (eds). Industrial gums. San Diego, CA: Academic Press.

Thomas, W.R. 1997. Carrageenan. pp. 45-59, in: A. Imeson (ed). Thickening and gelling agents for food. London: Blackie Academic and Professional.

Toma, T. 1993. Cultivation of the brown alga, Cladosiphon okamuranus "Okinawa-mozuku". pp. 51-56, in: Ohno & Critchley, 1993, q.v.

Troell, M., Rönnbäck, P., Halling, C., Kautsky, N. & Buschmann, A. 1999. Ecological engineering in aquaculture: use of seaweeds for removing nutrients from intensive mariculture. Journal of Applied Phycology, 11: 89-97.

Trono, G.C. 1993. Eucheuma and Kappaphycus taxonomy and cultivation. pp. 75-88. In Ohno & Critchley, 1993, q.v.

Trono, G.C. 1998. The seaweed resources of the Philippines. pp. 47-61. In Critchley & Ohno, 1998. q.v.

Trono, G.C. & Ganzon-Fortes, E.T. 1988. Philippine seaweeds. Metro Manila: National Book Store Inc. 330 pp.

Trono, G.C. & Toma, T. 1993. Cultivation of the green alga, Caulerpa lentillifera. pp. 17-23. In Ohno & Critchley, 1993, q.v.

Tseng, C.K. 1987. Laminaria mariculture in China. pp. 239-263. In FAO, 1987b.

Weiersbye et al. No date. See References 2 - Internet sources, below

Valdman, E. & Leite, S.G.F. 2000. Biosorption of Cd, Zn and Cu by Sargassum sp. waste biomass. Bioprocess Engineering, 22: 171-173.

Yamanaka, R. & Akiyama, K. 1993. Cultivation and utilization of Undaria pinnatifida (wakame) as food. Journal of Applied Phycology, 5: 249-253.


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