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APPENDIX C
Overview of environmental attributes of each major land cover type of the classification system


PRIMARILY VEGETATED

PRIMARILY NON-VEGETATED

A11 - CULTIVATED & MANAGED LANDS

A12 - NAT. & SEMI-NAT. TERRESTRIAL VEG.

A24 - NAT. & SEMI-NAT. AQUATIC VEG.

B15 - ARTIFICIAL SURFACES AND ASS. AREAS

I. A. Life Form of the Main Crop

code

I. A Life Form of the Main Strata

Code

I. A. Life Form of the Main Strata

Code

I. A. Surface Aspect

Code

Trees

A1

Woody

A1

Woody

A1

Built Up

A1


Broadleaved

A7


Trees

A3


Trees

A3


Linear

A3


Needleleaved

A8


Shrubs

A4


Shrubs

A4



Roads

A7



Evergreen

A9

Herbaceous

A2

Herbaceous

A2




Paved

A8



Deciduous

A10


Forbs

A5


Forbs

A5




Unpaved

A9

Shrubs

A2


Graminoids

A6



Rooted

A8



Railways

A10


Broadleaved

A7

Lichens/ Mosses

A7



Free Floating

A9



Comm. Lines/Pipelines

A11


Needleleaved

A8


Lichens

A7


Graminoids

A6


Non-Linear

A4



Evergreen

A9


Mosses

A9

Lichens/Mosses

A7



Industrial a/o Other

A12



Deciduous

A10

A. Cover



Lichens

A10



High density

A14

Herbaceous

A3

Closed (> 70-60%)

A10


Mosses

A11



Medium Density

A15


Graminoids

A4

Open (70-60 - 20-10%)

A11

A. Cover




Low Density

A16


Non-Graminoids

A5


(70-60 - 40%)

A12

Closed (> 70-60%)

A12



Scattered density

A17

Urban Vegetated Area(s)

A6


(40-20 - 10%)

A13

Open (70-60 - 20-10%)

A13


Urban Areas

A13


Parks

A11

Closed to Open (100 -15%)

A20

Closed to Open (100-15%)

A20



High density

A14


Parkland

A12


(100-40%)

A21


(100-40%)

A21



Medium Density

A15


Lawns

A13

Sparse (20-10 - 1%)

A14


(70-60 - 40%)

A12



Low Density

A16

B. Spatial Aspect - Size



(<20-10 - 4%)

A15


(40-20 - 10%)

A15

Non Built Up

A2

Large-to Medium-Sized Field(s)

B1


Scattered (4-1%)

A16

Sparse (20-10 - 1%)

A16


Waste Dump Deposit

A5


Large-Sized Field(s)

B3

B. Height



(<20-10 - 4%)

A17


Extraction Sites

A6


Medium-Sized Field(s)

B4

7-2 m (for Woody)

B1


Scattered (4-1%)

A18

A. Built-Up Object


Small-Sized Field(s)

B2

>30-3 m (for Trees)

B2

B. Height



(scroll list with pre-defined objects)


B. Spatial Aspect - Distribution



>14 m

B5

7-2 m (for Woody)

B1



Continuous

B5


14-7 m

B6

>30-3 m (for Trees)

B2



Scatterred Clustered

B6


7-3

B7


>14 m

B5

B16 - BARE AREAS


Scattered Isolated

B7

5-0.3 m

B3


14-7 m

B6

I. A. Surface aspects

Code




5-0.5 m

B14


7-3 m

B7

Consolidated

A1

II. C. Crop Combination




5-2 m

B8

5-0.3 m

B3


Bare Rock a/o Coarse Frgm.

A3

Single Crop

C1



2-0.5 m

B9


5-0.5 m

B14



Bare Rock

A7

Multiple Crop

C2


<0.5 m

B10



5-2 m

B8



Gravel/Stones/Boulders

A8


One Additional Crop

C3












Trees

C5

3-0.03 m

B4



2-0.5 m

B9




Gravel

A14


Shrubs

C6


3-0.3 m

B15


<0.5 m

B10




Stones

A15


Herbaceous Terrestrial

C7



3-0.8 m

B11

3 - 0.03 m

B4




Boulders

A16


Herbaceous Aquatic

C8



0.8-0.3 m

B12


3 - 0.3 m

B15

Hardpans

A4



Simultaneous

C17


0.3-0.03 m

B13



3-0.8 m

B11


Ironpan/Laterite

A9



Overlapping

C18

C. Spatial Distribution/Macropattern




0.8-0.3 m

B12


Petrocalcic

A10



Sequential

C19

Continuous

C1


0.3-0.03 m

B13


Petrogypsic

A11

Trees

C13

Fragmented

C2

II. C. Water Seasonality


Unconsolidated

A2


Shrubs

C14


Striped

C4

More Than Three Months A Year

C1


Bare Soil a/o Other Uncon. Mat.

A5


Graminoids

C15


Cellular

C5


Persistent for Whole Day

C4


Stony (5 - 40%)

A12


Non-graminoids

C16

Parklike Patches

C3


With Daily Variations

C5


Very Stony (40 - 80%)

A13



Simulltaneous

C17

II. D. Leaf Type


Less Than Three Months A Year

C2

Loose and Shifting Sands

A6


Overlapping

C18

Broadleaved

D1

Waterlogged

C3


Stony (5 - 40%)

A12



Sequential

C19

Needleleaved

D2

III. D. Leaf Type



Very Stony (40 - 80%)

A13

III. D. Cultural Practices - Water Supply


Aphyllous

D3

Broadleaved

D1

II. B. Macropattern - Sands


Rainfed

D1

E. Leaf phenology


Needleleaved

D2

Dunes

B1

Post-flooding

D2

Evergreen

E1

Aphyllous

D3


Barchans

B2

Irrigated

D3


Semi-Evergreen

E4

E. Leaf Phenology




Saturated

B5


Surface Irrigation

D4

Deciduous

E2

Evergreen

E1



Unsaturated

B8


Sprinkler Irrigation

D5


Semi-Deciduous

E4


Semi-Evergreen

E3


Parabolic Dunes

B3


Drip Irrigation

D6


Mixed

E3

Deciduous

E2



Saturated

B6

D. Cult. Practices - Cult. Time Factor


Mixed (for Forbs/Graminoids)

E5


Semi-Deciduous

E3



Unsaturated

B9

Shifting Cultivation

D7


Annual

E6


Mixed

E4


Longitudinal Dunes

B4

Fallow System

D8


Perennial

E7

Mixed (for Forbs/Graminoids)

E5



Saturated

B7

Permanent Cultivation

D9

III. F. Stratification - Second Layer



Annual

E6



Unsaturated

B10



Second Layer Absent

F1


Perennial

E7

Salt Flat

B13

S. Crop Type


Second Layer Present

F2

IV. F. Stratification - Second Layer


B. Macropattern - Soils


Food Crops

S1

Woody

F3

Second Layer Absent

F1

Gilgai

B11


Cereals (& Pseudocereals)

S3


Trees

F4

Second Layer Present

F2

Termite Mounds

B12


Roots & Tubers

S4


Shrubs

F5

Woody

F3




Pulses & Vegetables

S5

Herbaceous

F4


Trees

F4




Fruit & Nuts

S6





Shrubs

F5




Fodder Crops

S7



Herbaceous

F4




Beverages & Stimulants

S8








Other

S13

G. Cover - Second Layer


G. Cover - Second Layer


B27 - ARTIFICIAL WATERBODIES


Non-Food Crops

S2

Closed To Open

F7

Closed To Open

F7

I. A. Physical Status

Code


Industrial Crops

S9


Closed (> 70-60%)

F8


Closed (> 70-60%)

F8

Water

A1


Wood/Timber

S10


Open (70-60 - 20-10%)

F9


Open (70-60 - 20-10%)

F9


Flowing

A4


Other

S14

Sparse (20-10 - 1%)

F10

Sparse (20-10 - 1%)

F10


Standing

A5

A23 - CULTIVATED AQUATIC AREAS


H. Height - Second Layer


H. Height - Second Layer


Snow

A2

I. A. Life Form of the Main Crop

Code

7-2 m (for Woody)

G1

7 - 2 m (for Woody)

G1

Ice

A3

Graminoids

A1






Moving

A6

Non-Graminoids

A2


>14 m

G5


>14 m

G5


Stationary

A7

Woody

A3


14-7 m

G6


14-7 m

G6

B. Persistence


B. Spatial Aspect - Size



7-3 m

G7


7-3 m

G7

Perennial (> 9 Months)

B1

Large-To Medium-Sized Field(s)

B1

5 - 0.3 m

G3

5 - 0.3 m

G3


9-7 (months)

B7


Large-Sized Field(s)

B3


5-2 m

G8


5-2 m

G8


6-4 (months)

B8


Medium-Sized Field(s)

B4


2-0.5 m

G9


2-0.5 m

G9


3-1 (months)

B9


Small-Sized Field(s)

B2


< 0.5 m

G10


< 0.5 m

G10

Non-Perennial (< 9 Months)

B2

B. Spatial Distribution


3 - 0.03 m

G4

3 - 0.03 m

G4


Surface Aspect: Bare Rock

B4

Continuous

B5


3-0.3 m

G11


3-0.3 m

G11


Surface Aspect: Bare Soil

B5

Scattered Clustered

B6


0.3-0.03 m

G12


0.3-0.03 m

G12


Surface Aspect: Sand

B6

Scattered Isolated

B7

F. Stratification - Third Layer


T. Floristic Aspect


Tidal Area

B3

II. C. Water Seasonality


Third Layer Absent

F1

Single Plant Species

T1


Surface Aspect: Bare Rock

B4

Persistent for Whole Day

C1

Third Layer Present

F2


Dominant Species

T3


Surface Aspect: Bare Soil

B5

With Daily Variations

C2

Woody

F3


Most Frequent Species

T4


Surface Aspect: Sand

B6

Waterlogged

C3


Trees

F4

Groups of Plant Species

T2

II. C Depth


III. D. Cultural Practices - Fallow period



Shrubs

F5


Statistically Derived Groups

T5

Deep to Medium

C1

Permanent

D1

Herbaceous

F4


Non-Statistically Derived

T6

Shallow

C2

Relay Intercropping

D2

G. Cover - Third Layer




D Sediment Load


Sequential

D3

Closed To Open

F7



Almost No Sediment

D1




Closed (> 70-60%)

F8



With Sediment

D2

S. CROP TYPE



Open (70-60 - 20-10%)

F9



V. SALINITY


Food Crops

S1

Sparse (20-10 - 5%)

F10



Fresh (<1 000 ppm of TDS)

V1


Cereals

S3

H. Height - Third Layer




Slightly Saline

V2


Fodder Crops

S7

7-2 m (for Woody)

G1



Moderately Saline

V3


Other

S13

>30-3 m

G2



Very Brine

V4

Non-Food Crops

S2


>14 m

G5



Brine

V5


Crops for Biological Filtration

S11


14-7 m

G6



B28 INLAND WATERBODIES, SNOW & ICE



Fibre Crops & Structural Mat.

S12


7-3 m

G7



I. Physical Status

Code


Other

S14

5 - 0.3 m

G3



Water

A1




5-2 m

G8




Flowing

A4




2-0.5 m

G9




Standing

A5



< 0.5 m

G10



Snow

A2



3 - 0.03 m

G4



Ice

A3



3-0.3 m

G11




Moving

A6




0.3-0.03 m

G12




Stationary

A7







B. Persistence




T. FLORISTIC ASPECT




Perennial (> 9 Months)

B1



Single Plant Species

T1




9-7 (months)

B7




Dominant Species

T3




6-4 (months)

B8




Most Frequent Species

T4




3-1 (months)

B9



Groups of Plant Species

T2



Non-Perennial (< 9 Months)

B2



Statistically Derived Groups

T5




Surface Aspect: Bare Rock

B4




Non-Statistically Derived

T6




Surface Aspect: Bare Soil

B5








Surface Aspect: Sand

B6







Tidal Area

B3








Surface Aspect: Bare Rock

B4





ENVIRONMENTAL ATTRIBUTES FOR EACH


Surface Aspect: Bare Soil

B5







Surface Aspect: Sand

B6





A11:

Landform, Lithology, Soil, Climate,

II. C Depth







Altitude, Erosion and Crop Cover.

Deep to Medium

C1





A12:

Landform, Lithology, Soil, Climate,

Shallow

C2






Altitude and Erosion.

D. Sediment Load






A23:

Landform, Lithology, Soil, Climate,

Almost No Sediment

D1






Altitude, Erosion and Crop Cover.

With Sediment

D2





A24:

Landform, Lithology, Soil, Climate,

V. SALINITY







Altitude and Salinity.

Fresh (<1 000 ppm of TDS)

V1





B15:

Landform, Climate and Altitude.

Slightly Saline

V2





B16:

Landform, Climate, Altitude,

Moderately Saline

V3






Vegetation and Erosion.

Very Brine V4





B27/B28:

Climate and Altitude.

Brine

V5


ENVIRONMENTAL ATTRIBUTES

L. LANDFORM*

Code


Level Land

L1


Sloping Land

L2


Steep Land

L3


Land With Composite Landforms

L4



M. LITHOLOGY* Code



Igneous rock

M100



Igneous plutonic rock

M110




Granite

M111




Granodiorite

M112




Quartz diorite

M113




Syenite

M114




Monzonite

M115




Diorite

M116




Gabbro

M117




Foidic plutonic rock

M118




Ultramatic plutonic rock

M119



Igneous hypabyssal rock

M120




Aplite

M121




Pegmatite

M122




Porphyry

M123




Dolerite/diabase

M124



Igneous volcanic rock

M130




Rhyolite

M131




Dacite

M132




Trachyte

M133




Latite

M134




Andesite

M135




Basalt

M136




Phonolite

M137




Tephrite

M138



Pyroclastic rock

M140




Ash

M141




Lapilli

M142




Scoria

M143




Tuff

M144




Ignimbrite

M145




Lahar

M146




Agglomerate

M147



Other Igneous rock

M199


Sedimentary rock

M200



Unconsolidated clastic sed. Rock

M210




Clay

M211




Silt

M212




Sand

M213




Gravel

M214




Loess

M215



Loam

M216




Colluvium

M217




Shells

M218



Cons. clastic siliceous sed. Rock

M220




Mudstone

M221




Siltstone

M222




Shale

M223




Quartzararenite

M224




Litihic arenite

M225




Feldspathice arenite/arkose

M226




Graywacke

M227




Conglomerate

M228




Breccia

M229



Calcareous rock

M230




Marl

M231




Calcilutite

M232




Calcarenite

M233




Calcirudite

M234




Algal/reefal limestone

M235




Travertine

M236




Tufa

M237




Dolomite

M238



Evaporite

M240




Gypsum

M241




Halite

M242



Organic rock

M250




Peat

M251




Lignite

M252




Coal

M253




Tar

M254



Residual rock

M260




Laterite

M261




Bauxite

M262




Kaolin

M263



Other Sedimentary rock

M299


Metamorphic rock

M300



Contact metamorphic rock

M310




Hornfels

M311




Spotted slate

M312




Skarn

M313



Cataclastic metamorphic rock

M320




Cataclastic breccia

M321




Mylonite

M322



Regional-metamorphic rock

M330




Slate

M331




Schist

M332




Gneiss

M333




Migmatite

M334




Granulite

M335




Eclogite

M336




Quartzite

M337




Marble

M338



Other metamorphic rock

M399



M. LITHOLOGY - AGE GEOL PARENT MAT



Quartenary

M400



Holocene

M410



Pleistocene

M420




Late Pleistocene

M421




Middle Pleistocene

M422




Early Pleistocene

M423


Tertiary

M500



Piocene

M510



Miocene

M520



Oligocene

M530



Eocene

M540



Paleocene

M550


Mesozoic

M600



Cretaceous

M610



Jurassic

M620



Triassic

M630


Paleozoic

M700



Permian

M710



Carboniferous

M720



Devonian

M730



Silurian

M740



Ordovician

M750



Cambrian

M760


Precambrian

M800



N. SOIL - SURFACE ASPECT

Code


Bare Rock

N1


Soil Surface

N2



Stony (5 - 40%)

N5



Very Stony (40 - 80%)

N6


Loose and Shifting Sands

N3



Stony (5 - 40%)

N5



With Dunes

N7


Hardpans

N4



Ironpan/Laterite

N8



(petro)Calcic

N9



PetroGypsic

N10



Hardened Plinthite

N11



N. SOIL - SUBSURFACE ASPECT



FAO's Major Soil Groups*

N12



O. CLIMATE*

Code


Thermal Climate:




Tropics

O1



Subtropics - Summer rainfall

O2



Subtropics - Winter Rainfall

O3



Temperate Oceanic

O4



Temperate Continental

O5



Boreal Oceanic

O6



Boreal Continental

O7



Polar Arctic

O8


Moisture Determined LGP:




Hyperarid

O9



Arid

O10



Dry Semi-Arid

O11



Moisture Semi-Arid

O12



Subhumid

O13



Humid

O14



Perhumid

O15



P. ALTITUDE*

Code


< 50 - 300 m

P1



< 50 m

P5



50 - 100 m

P6



100 - 300 m

P7


300 - 1500 m

P2



300 - 600 m

P8



600 - 1000 m

P9



1000 - 1500 m

P10


1500 - 3000 m

P3



1500 - 2000 m

P11



2000 - 2500 m

P12



2500 - 3000 m

P13


3000 - > 5000 m

P4



3000 - 3500 m

P14



3500 - 5000 m

P15



> 5000 m

P16



Q. EROSION



No Visible Erosion

Q1


Visible Evidence of Erosion

Q2



Water Erosion

Q3




Sheet

Q6




Rill

Q7




Gully

Q8



Wind Erosion

Q4



Mass Movement

Q5



R. WATER QUALITY



Fresh Water

R1


Brackish Water

R2


Saline Water

R3



U. VEGETATION



Scattered Vegetation Present

U1



Woody

U2



Herbaceous

U3




Forbs

U5




Graminoids

U6



Lichens/Mosses

U4




Lichens

U7




Mosses

U8



W. CROP COVER/DENSITY



Permanent Life Forms:




Closed Cover > (70-60%)

W1



Closed Cover (70-60) - (20-10)%

W2



Sparse Cover <(20-10)%

W3


Temporary Life Forms:




High Crop Density (> 60%)

W4



Medium Crop Density (60 - 30%)

W5



Low Crop Density (30 - 15%)

W6

*REFERENCES: Landform: UNEP/ISSS/ISRIC/FAO, 1995. - Lithology: provided by S. B. Kroonenberg, 1998. - Climate: De Pauw, Nachtergaele and Antoine, 1996. - Soils: FAO/Unesco/ISRIC, 1990; FAO, 1993


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