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ANNEX D
EXAMPLES OF THE ECONOMICS OF FISH/FOWL FARMING

Input-output and economic returns of the selected large pure fish polyculture, duck-fish and goose-fish farms, on a per-hectare basis, in HK$ (1978).

  PolycultureDuck-fishGoose-fish
Fish operationFish operationDuck rearingFish operationGoose fattening
A.Production (kg)3,840   3,472    7,389    3,689     2,253    
B.Capital cost     
 1. Pond clearance1,016   806-313-
 2. Construction  139 348
 3. Store facilities247300-242-
 4. Equipment8301,127    171,423  130
     Total2,093    2,233  1561,978478
C.Running cost     
 1. Rent1,547    4,725    -1,739    -
 2. Fish fry/duckling/goose2,813   3,229    6,454    2,546   83,612
 3. Fertilizers & feeds11,250     4,167    43,030     8,696   29,189
 4. Pond/shed maintenance5651,806    9382,174        761
 5. Fuel & power4751,000    -652-
 6. Disease control  19-8071001,043
 7. Labor charge* 4,219    1,000    -1,096   -
 8. Road maintenance375100-378-
 9. Harvesting & transportation342130-1413,424
 10. Market services2,376    2,126  -1,826   -
       Total23,981      18,283    51,229   19,348   118,029
D.Total costs = B + C26,074      20,516    51,385   21,326   118,507
E.Gross earnings39,600     30,415    60,958    30,435  135,978
F.Net earnings = E - D13,526     9,899 9,573  9,109   17,471
G.Ratio of net earnings/total costs        0.52          0.58         0.19            0.43                  0.15
H.Ratio of net earnings/running costs        0.56          0.54          0.19            0.47                  0.15
I.Costs/earnings (HK$/kg)     
 1. Total costs       6.79          5.91         6.95          5.78                 52.60
 2. Gross earnings       10.31          8.76         8.25           8.25                   60.35
 3. Net earnings    3.52         2.85         1.30           2.47                   7.75

* Charges for routine operations handled by the family labor are not included. Note: 1 US$ = 4.8 HK$.

Annual inputs and returns for 3 integrated chicken-fish farms in Indonesia, excluding depreciation costs (unit of currency, Rupiah (Rp): US$ 1.00 = Rp 627).

 Pond area (m2)
4008002,408
 Fish   
1.Inputs   
 pond construction88022,00044,000
 labor7,200168,00030,000
 fingerlings17,000240,000189,000
 feed21,900--
 fertilizer10,6001,8008,100
 taxes4008002,400
 Total (A)57,980432,600273,500
2.Output (B)130,6001,201,800610,350
3.Net return (B-A)72,620769,200336,850
4.Rate of return as a   
 % of A125178123
 Chickens   
1.Inputs   
 chicken house38,280110,00011,000
 labor150,000127,40036,000
 stocking48,000525,00082,500
 feed985,5001,521,45040,590
 medication-19,200-
 Total (C)1,221,7802,303,050170,090
2.Output (D)1,773,0003,585,000247,500
3.Net return (D - C)551,2201,281,95077,410
4.Rate of return as a   
 % of C455646
 Fish + Chickens   
1.Total costs (A + C)1,279,7602,735,650443,590
2.Total returns (B + D)1,903,6004,786,800857,850
3.Total net returns623,8402,051,150414,260
4.Total rate of return as a % of total costs497593

Annual inputs and returns for 2 integrated duck-fish farms in Indonesia, excluding depreciation costs (unit of currency, Rupiah (Rp): US $1.00 = Rp 627).

  Pond area (m2)
4,200
(ducks kept on 900 m2 only)		1,050
 Fish  
1.Inputs  
 pond construction180,0005,500
 labor61,00036,500
 fingerlings162,000-
 broodstock-40,000
 feed20,0008,100
 fertilizer10,9508,640
 taxes4,2001,050
 extra labor60,000-
 Total (A)498,15099,790
2.Output (B)940,950248,640
3.Net return (B - A)442,800148,850
4.Rate of return as a % of A89149
 Ducks  
1.Inputs  
 duck house4,4001,000
 labor182,500182,500
 ducklings50,0006,000
 feed116,80043,200
 Total (C)353,700232,800
2.Output (D)447,500610,000
3.Net return (D - C)93,800377,200
4.Rate of return as a % of C27162
 Fish + Ducks  
1.Total costs (A + C)851,850332,590
2.Total returns (B + D)1,388,450858,640
3.Total net returns536,600526,050
4.Total rate of return as a % of total costs63158

Expenditure and Income for fish produced from a duck-fish integrated farming operation which commenced during Year-II of a 2-yr study of a single farm holding in Nepal (US$1 = Rs 12.25; 1 Doko = 15 kg).

ItemsUnitYear II
Total land: 0.250 ha
Water surface: 0.175 ha
Total used or harvestedUnit price in RsTotal cost or value in Rs
Expenses    
1.Laborman-days718568.00
2.Inputs    
 FingerlingsNo.400+4008/20112.00
 ManureDoko1002200.00
 Fertilizerkg  502100.00
 Feed for brood fish and fingerlingskg50021,000.00
 Other costsRs--95.00
 Land rentRs--345.00
 Land revenueRs--40.00
 5Depreciation (10% on Rs 5000; % on Rs 3000)Rs--650.00
 Interest (16% on Rs 1000)Rs--1,280.00
A.Total costRs--4,470.00
 Cost/haRs  17,880.00
Income    
1.Table fishkg180122,160.00
2.FingerlingsNo.650  85,200.00
B.Gross incomeRs  7,360.00
 Net profit* (B-A)Rs  2,890.00
 Profit/haRs  11,560.00

* No valuation has been put on brood fish

Expenditure and income for ducks produced from a duck-fish integrated farming operation which commenced during Year-II of a 2-yr study of a single farm holding in Nepal (US$1 = Rs 12.25; 1 Doko = 15 kg).

ItemsUnitYear II
Total water: 0.175 ha
Variety: Pekin
Total used or harvestedUnit price in RsTotal cost or value in Rs
Expenses    
1.Laborman-days  428336.00
2.Inputs    
 DucklingsNo.1004400.00
 Feedkg2802560.00
 Other costs    
 Depreciation (5% on Rs 300)   150.00
 Interest (16% on Rs 3000)   480.00
A.Total costRs  1,926.00
 Cost/haRs  11,006.00
Income    
 Table ducksNo.100252,500.00
B.Gross incomeRs  2,500.00
 Net profit (B-A)Rs  574.00
 Profit/haRs  3,280.00

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