Training manual for embryo transfer in cattle
FAO ANIMAL PRODUCTION AND HEALTH PAPER 77
|
Training manual for embryo transfer in cattle |
by
George E. Seidel, Jr and
Sarah Moore Seidel
Animal Reproduction Laboratory,
Colorado State University,
Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
Cover photo: Donor cow with her ten embruo transer
calves and the recipients that gestated them.
The designations employed and the presentation of material in this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries.
The mention of specific companies or of their products or brand names does not imply any endorsement or recommendation on the part of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations.
M-22
ISBN 92-5-102804-4
All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying or otherwise, without the prior permission of the copyright owner. Applications for such permission, with a statement of the purpose and extent of the reproduction, should be addressed to the Director, Publications Division, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Via delle Terme di Caracalla, 00100 Rome, Italy.
Preparing this training manual for the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations was truly challenging. Since most of our planet's inhabitants live in so-called developing countries, it was deemed appropriate to provide information that would be useful in both developed and developing countries. Keeping this manual to manageable size, while providing sufficient basic information to make it useful, required numerous arbitrary decisions concerning what to include or exclude. We have limited citations to scientific literature to those thought to be useful for readers of the manual, rather than attempting to document all information from a scientific perspective. Clearly we have borrowed heavily from these sources and from unpublished observations. We acknowledge with gratitude the work of our colleagues, students and associates.
FOOD AND AGRICULTURE ORGANIZATION OF THE UNITED NATIONS
Rome, © FAO 1991
Hyperlinks to non-FAO Internet sites do not imply any official endorsement of or responsibility for the opinions, ideas, data or products presented at these locations, or guarantee the validity of the information provided. The sole purpose of links to non-FAO sites is to indicate further information available on related topics.
1. HISTORIC FRAME OF REFERENCE
2. APPLICATIONS OF EMBRYO TRANSFER
Increase reproduction of females
Embryo transfer as part of other biotechnology
3. MANAGING DONOR AND RECIPIENT HERDS
Non-surgical recovery of embryos
Reflushing and prevention of multiple pregnancies in donors
6. MAINTAINING EMBRYOS IN VITRO
Non-surgical transfer equipment
Synchrony of productive cycles
Methods of synchronizing oestrus
Example of programming a herd for embryo transfer
9. CRYOPRESERVATION OF BOVINE EMBRYOS
11. BRIEF OVERVIEW OF EMERGING TECHNOLOGIES
Cloning by nuclear transplantation
12. SUCCESS RATES OF EMBRYO TRANSFER
14. EMBRYO TRANSFER AND DISEASE TRANSMISSION
15. WASHING PROCEDURES FOR WORK AREAS, GLASSWARE AND EQUIPMENT
Plastic and other heat-labile equipment
Equipment, supplies, drugs and reagents
Semen handling and artificial insemination
Key ingredients for successful embryo transfer programmes
Selected books on embryo transfer
Table 1
Therapy for various types of infertility based on
embryo transfer procedures
Table 2
Comparison of importing germplasm as
postparturient animals, as semen or as embryos
Table 3
Recommended culture conditions
Table 4
Modified Dulbecco's phosphate-buffered saline
Table 5
Stage of normal embryonic development as a
function of days after donor's oestrus
Table 6
Pregrancy rates of embryos classified into quality
groups based on gross morphology
Table 7
Percentage pregnant with varying degrees of
donor-recipient oestrus cycle asynchrony
Table 8
Example of programming donors and recipients
Table 9
Steps in the embryo transfer process and the
ability to deal with them successfully
Table 10
Factors that may alter success rates with embryo
transfer
Table 11
Distribution of transferable embryos produced by
superovulated donors
Table 12
Distribution of numbers of pregnancies from 64
superovulated donors
Table 13
Costs of embryo transfer
Table 14
Information on some commercially available
freezing machines
Table 15
Suggested schedule of quality control measures
Table 16
Example of four-week training programme in
embryo transfer
Table 17
Examples of reasonable goals of embryo transfer
programmes
AI
artificial insemination
BMOC-3
Brinster's mouse ova culture medium-3
BSA
bovine serum albumin
cc
cubic centimetre
CL
corpus luteum
cm
centimetre
eCG
equine chorionic gonadotrophin = PMSG
ET
embryo transfer
FSH
follicle stimulating hormone
g
gram
GnRH
gonadotrophin releasing hormone
hCG
human chorionic gonadotrophin
i.m.
intramuscular
IU
international unit
kg
kilogram
LH
luteinizing hormone
mg
milligram
ml
millilitre
mm
millimetre
ng
nanogram
PBS
phosphate-buffered saline
PMSG
pregnant mare's serum gonadotrophin = eCG
TCM-199
tissue culture medium-199
s.c.
subcutaneous
μ or μm
micron/micrometre
μg or mcg
microgram