Definitions of formative elements for lower level units
The definitions of diagnostic horizons and properties, given in italics below, are those presented in Chapter 3, unless stated otherwise.
In most situations only a limited number of combinations will be possible, as most of the definitions are mutually exclusive.
TABLE 3 Alphabetical list of lower level soil names
Abruptic |
Ferralic |
Lixic |
Rhodic |
||||
Aceric |
Ferric |
Luvic |
Rubic |
||||
Acric |
Fibric |
Magnesic |
Ruptic |
||||
Acroxic |
Folic |
Mazic |
Rustic |
||||
Albic |
Fluvic |
Melanic |
Salic |
||||
Alcalic |
Fragic |
Mesotrophic |
Sapric |
||||
Alic |
Fulvic |
Mollic |
100 |
Silic |
|||
Alumic |
Garbic |
70 |
Natric |
Siltic |
|||
Andic |
40 |
Gelic |
Nitic |
Skeletic |
|||
10 |
Anthraquic |
Gelistagnic |
Ochric |
Sodic |
|||
Anthric |
Geric |
Ombric |
Spodic |
||||
Anthropic |
Gibbsic |
Oxyaquic |
Spolic |
||||
Arenic |
Glacic |
Pachic |
Stagnic |
||||
Aric |
Gleyic |
Pellic |
Sulphatic |
||||
Aridic |
Glossic |
Petric |
Takyric |
||||
Arzic |
Greyic |
Petrocalcic |
Tephric |
||||
Calcaric |
Grumic |
Petroduric |
110 |
Terric |
|||
Calcic |
Gypsic |
80 |
Petrogypsic |
Thionic |
|||
Carbic |
50 |
Gypsiric |
Petroplinthic |
Toxic |
|||
20 |
Carbonatic |
Haplic |
Petrosalic |
Turbic |
|||
Chernic |
Histic |
Placic |
Umbric |
||||
Chloridic |
Hortic |
Plaggic |
Urbic |
||||
Chromic |
Humic |
Planic |
Vetic |
||||
Cryic |
Hydragric |
Plinthic |
Vermic |
||||
Cutanic |
Hydric |
Posic |
Vertic |
||||
Densic |
Hyperochric |
Profondic |
Vitric |
||||
Duric |
Hyperskeletic |
Protic |
120 |
Xanthic |
|||
Dystric |
Irragric |
90 |
Reductic |
Yermic |
|||
Entic |
60 |
Lamellic |
Regic |
||||
30 |
Eutric |
Leptic |
Rendzic |
||||
Eutrisilic |
Lithic |
Rheic |
|||||
Where relevant, the names
can be defined further using prefixes, for example
Epigleyi-, Protothioni-. The following prefixes can be
used: |
|||||||
Bathi |
Epi |
Orthi |
Thapto |
||||
Cumuli |
Hyper |
Para |
|||||
Endo |
Hypo |
Proto |
Abruptic |
having an abrupt textural
change. |
Aceric |
having a pH (1:1 in water) between
3.5 and 5 and jarosite mottles within 100 cm from the
soil surface (in Solonchaks only). |
Acric |
having a ferralic horizon
which meets the clay increase requirements of an argi
some horizon, and which has a base saturation (by 1 M
NH4OAc) of less than 50 percent in at least
part of the B horizon within 100 cm from the soil surface
(in Ferralsols only). |
Acroxic |
having less than 2 cmolc
kg-1 fine earth exchangeable bases plus 1 M
KCl exchangeable Al3+ in one or more horizons
with a combined thickness of 30 cm or more within 100 cm
from the soil surface (in Andosols only). |
Albic |
having an albic horizon
within 100 cm from the soil surface. |
Hyperalbic |
having an albic horizon
within 50 cm from the soil surface and the lower boundary
at a depth of 100 cm or more from the soil surface. |
Glossalbic |
showing tonguing of an albic
into an argic or natric horizon. |
Alcalic |
having a pH (1:1 in water) of 8.5
or more within 50 cm from the soil surface. |
Alic |
having an argic horizon
which has a cation exchange capacity equal to or more
than 24 cmolc kg-1 clay throughout,
a silt/clay ratio of less than 0.6, and an Alsaturation
of 50 percent or more. |
Alumic |
having an Al-saturation of 50
percent or more in at least some part of the B horizon
between 50 and 100 cm from the soil surface. |
Andic |
having an andic horizon
within 100 cm from the soil surface. |
Aluandic |
having an andic horizon
with an acid oxalate (pH 3) extractable silica content of
less than 0.6 percent, or an Alpy30/Alox31
ratio of 0.5 or more. |
Silandic |
having an andic horizon
with an acid oxalate (pH 3) extractable silica content of
0.6 percent or more, or an Alpy/Alox
ratio of less than 0.5. |
Anthraquic |
having an anthraquic
horizon. |
Anthric |
showing evidence of human
influence caused by cultivation practices. |
Anthropic |
consisting of anthropogeomorphic
soil material, or showing profound modification of the
soil by human activity caused by other factors than those
related to cultivation (in Regosols only). |
Aric |
having only remnants of diagnostic
horizons caused by repeated deep ploughing. |
Arenic |
having a texture of loamy fine
sand or coarser throughout the upper 50 cm of the soil. |
Aridic |
having aridic properties without a
takyric or yermic horizon. |
Arzic |
having sulphate-rich groundwater
within 50 cm from the soil surface at some period in most
years and containing 15 percent or more gypsum averaged
over a depth of 100 cm (in Gypsisols only). |
Calcaric |
calcareous at least between 20 and
50 cm from the soil surface. |
Calcic |
having a calcic horizon or
concentrations of secondary carbonates between 50 and 100
cm from the soil surface. |
Hypercalcic |
having a calcic horizon
which contains 50 percent or more calcium carbonate
equivalent. |
Hypocalcic |
having only concentrations of secondary
carbonates within 100 cm from the soil surface. |
Orthicalcic |
having a calcic horizon
within 100 cm from the soil surface. |
Carbic |
having a cemented spodic
horizon which does not contain enough amorphous iron to
turn redder on ignition (in Podzols only). |
Carbonatic |
having a soil solution with pH
> 8.5 (1:1 in water) and HCO3 > SO4
> > Cl (in Solonchaks only). |
Chernic |
having a chernic horizon (in
Chernozems only). |
Chloridic |
having a soil solution (1:1 in
water) with Cl > > SO4 > HCO3
(in Solonchaks only). |
Chromic |
having a B horizon which in the
major part has a Munsell hue of 7.5YR and a chrome,
moist, of more than 4, or a hue redder than 7.5YR. |
Cryic |
having a cryic horizon
within 100 cm from the soil surface. |
Cutanic |
having clay skins in the argic
horizon (in Luvisols only). |
Densic |
having a cemented spodic
horizon ("ortstein") (in Podzols only). |
Duric |
having a duric horizon
within 100 cm from the soil surface. |
Dystric |
having a base saturation (by 1 M
NH4OAc) of less than 50 percent in at least
some part between 20 and 100 cm from the soil surface, or
in a layer 5 cm thick directly above a lithic contact in
Leptosols. |
Epidystric |
having a base saturation (by 1 M
NH4OAc) of less than 50 percent at least
between 20 and 50 cm from the soil surface. |
Hyperdystric |
having a base saturation (by 1 M
NH4OAc) of less than 50 percent in all parts
between 20 and 100 cm from the soil surface, and less
than 20 percent in some part within 100 cm from the soil
surface. |
Orthidystric |
having a base saturation (by 1 M
NH4OAc) of less than 50 percent in all parts
between 20 and 100 cm from the soil surface. |
Entic |
lacking an albic horizon
and having a loose spodic horizon (in Podzols
only). |
Eutric |
having a base saturation (by 1 M
NH4OAc) of 50 percent or more at least between
20 and 100 cm from the soil surface, or in a layer 5 cm
thick directly above a lithic contact in Leptosols. |
Endoeutric |
having a base saturation (by 1 M
NH4OAc) of 50 percent or more in all parts
between 50 and 100 cm from the soil surface. |
Hypereutric |
having a base saturation (by 1 M
NH4OAc) of 80 percent or more in all parts
between 20 and 100 cm from the soil surface. |
Orthieutric |
having a base saturation (by 1 M
NH4OAc) of 50 percent or more in all parts
between 20 and 100 cm from the soil surface. |
Eutrisilic |
having a sil-andic horizon
and a sum of exchangeable bases of 25 cmolc kg-1
fine earth within 30 cm from the soil surface. |
Ferralic |
having ferralic properties
within 100 cm from the soil surface. |
Hyperferralic |
having a cation exchange capacity
(by 1 M NH4OAc) of less than 16 cmolc
kg-1 clay in at least some subhorizons within
100 cm from the soil surface. |
Hypoferralic |
having a cation exchange capacity
(by 1 M NH4OAc) of less than 4 cmolc
kg-1 fine earth in at least 30 cm of the upper
100 cm of the soil, and a Munsell colour chrome, moist,
of 5 or more and/or hues redder than 10YR (in
Arenosols only). |
Ferric |
having a ferric horizon
within 100 cm from the soil surface. |
Hyperferric |
having one or more layers with a
total thickness of 25 cm or more consisting of 40 percent
or more iron/manganese-oxide nodules within 100 cm from
the soil surface. |
Fibric |
having more than two-thirds (by
volume) of the organic soil material consisting of
recognizable plant tissue (in Histosols only). |
Folic |
having a folic horizon (in
Histosols only). |
Fluvic |
haying fluvic soil
materials within 100 cm from the soil surface. |
Fragic |
having a fragic horizon
within 100 cm from the soil surface. |
Fulvic |
having a fulvic horizon
within 30 cm from the soil surface. |
Garbic |
having accumulations of anthropogeomorphic
soil material containing more than 35 percent (by volume)
organic waste materials (in Anthropic Regosols only). |
Gelic |
having permafrost within
200 cm from the soil surface. |
Gelistagnic |
having temporary water saturation
at the surface caused by a frozen subsoil. |
Geric |
having geric properties in
at least some horizon within 100 cm from the soil
surface. |
Gibbsic |
having a layer more than 30 cm
thick containing more than 25 percent gibbsite in the
fine earth fraction within 100 cm from the soil surface. |
Glacic |
having a horizon within 100 cm
from the soil surface which is 30 cm or more thick and
contains 95 percent or more (by volume) ice. |
Gleyic |
having gleyic properties
within 100 cm from the soil surface. |
Endogleyic |
having gleyic properties
between 50 and 100 cm from the soil surface. |
Epigleyic |
having gleyic properties
within 50 cm from the soil surface. |
Glossic |
showing tonguing of a mollic
or umbric horizon into an underlying B horizon or
into the saprolite. |
Molliglossic |
showing tonguing of a mollic
horizon into an underlying B horizon or into the
saprolite. |
Umbriglossic |
showing tonguing of an umbric
horizon into an underlying B horizon or into the
saprolite. |
Greyic |
having uncoated silt and sand
grains on structural pedfaces in a mollic horizon
(in Phaeozems only). |
Grumic |
having a surface layer with a
thickness of 3 cm or more with a strong structure finer
than very coarse granular (in Vertisols only). |
Gypsic |
having a gypsic horizon
within 100 cm from the soil surface. |
Hypergypsic |
having a gypsic horizon
which has 60 percent or more gypsum. |
Hypogypsic |
having a gypsic horizon
which has 25 percent or less gypsum. |
Gypsiric |
having gypsiric soil
material at least between 20 and 50 cm from the soil
surface. |
Haplic |
having a typical expression of
certain features (typical in the sense that there is no
further or meaningful characterization). |
Histic |
having a histic horizon
within 40 cm from the soil surface. |
Fibrihistic |
having a histic horizon
within 40 cm from the soil surface, in which more than
two-thirds (by volume) of the organic soil
material consist of recognizable plant tissue. |
Saprihistic |
having a histic horizon
within 40 cm from the soil surface, in which less than
one-sixth (by volume) of the organic soil material
consists of recognizable plant tissue and which has a
very dark grey to black colour. |
Thaptohistic |
having a buried histic
horizon between 40 and 100 cm from the soil surface. |
Hortic |
having a hortic horizon; in
Anthrosols 50 cm or more thick, in other soils
less than 50 cm thick. |
Humic |
having a high organic carbon
content; in Ferralsols and Nitisols more
than 1.4 percent (by weight) organic carbon in the fine
earth fraction as weighted average over a depth of 100 cm
from the soil surface, in Leptosols more than 2
percent (by weight) organic carbon in the fine earth
fraction to a depth of 25 cm from the soil surface, and
in other soils more than 1 percent (by weight) organic
carbon in the fine earth fraction to a depth of 50 cm
from the soil surface. |
Mollihumic |
having the organic carbon content
as defined above and a mollic horizon |
Umbrihumic |
having the organic carbon content
as defined above and an umbric horizon. |
Hydragric |
having an anthraquic
horizon and an associated hydragric horizon, the
latter occurring within 100 cm from the soil surface (in
Anthrosols only). |
Hydric |
having within 100 cm from the soil
surface one or more layers with a total thickness of 35
cm or more, which have a water retention at 1500 kPa (in
undried samples) of 100 percent or more (in Andosols
only). |
Hyperskeletic |
having more than 90 percent (by
weight) gravel or other coarse fragments to a depth of 75
cm or to continuous hard rock (in Leptosols only). |
Irragric |
having an irragric horizon;
in Anthrosols 50 cm or more thick, in other soils
less than 50 cm thick. |
Lamellic |
having clay illuviation lamellae
with a combined thickness of at least 15 cm within 100 cm
from the soil surface. |
Leptic |
having continuous hard rock
between 25 and 100 cm from the soil surface. |
Endoleptic |
having continuous hard rock
between 50 and 100 cm from the soil surface. |
Epileptic |
having continuous hard rock
between 25 and 50 cm from the soil surface. |
Lithic |
having continuous hard rock within
10 cm from the soil surface. |
Paralithic |
having within 10 cm from the soil
surface a broken rock contact with fissures less than 10
cm apart which allow roots to penetrate the underlying
rock. |
Lixic |
having a ferralic horizon
which meets the clay increase requirements of an argic
horizon, and which has a base saturation (by 1 M
NH4OAc) of 50 percent or more throughout the B
horizon to a depth of 100 cm from the soil surface (in
Ferralsols only). |
Luvic |
having an argic horizon
which has a cation exchange capacity equal to or more
than 24 cmolc kg-1 clay throughout,
and a base saturation by 1 M NH4OAc) of
50 percent or more throughout the horizon to a depth of
100 cm from the soil surface. |
Hypoluvic |
having an absolute clay increase
of 3 percent or more within 100 cm from the soil surface
(in Arenosols only). |
Magnesic |
having an exchangeable Ca/Mg ratio
of less than 1 within 100 cm from the soil surface. |
Mazic |
having a massive structure and
hard to very hard consistence in the upper 20 cm of the
soil (in Vertisols only). |
Melanic |
having a melanic horizon (in
Andosols only). |
Mesotrophic |
having a base saturation (by 1 M
NH4OAc) of less than 75 percent at 20 cm depth
(in Vertisols only). |
Mollic |
having a mollic horizon. |
Natric |
having a natric horizon
within 100 cm from the soil surface. |
Nitic |
having a nitic horizon
within 100 cm from the soil surface. |
Ochric |
having an ochric horizon. |
Hyperochric |
having an ochric horizon
with a light or bleached colour (commonly grey) in dry
state which turns darker on moistening ("bleached
surface horizons"), a low (usually <0.4%; South
African results) organic carbon content and relatively
low free iron oxide content, a coarse texture, signs of a
platy structure, and a thin surface crust. |
Ombric |
having a water regime conditioned
by groundwater (in Histosols only). |
Oxyaquic |
saturated with water during the
thawing period and lacking redoximorphic features within
100 cm from the soil surface (in Cryosols only). |
Pachic |
having a mollic or umbric
horizon of more than 50 cm thick. |
Pellic |
having in the upper 30 cm of the
soil matrix a Munsell value, moist, of 3.5 or less and a
chrome of 1.5 or less (in Vertisols only). |
Petric |
strongly cemented or indurated
within 100 cm from the soil surface. |
Endopetric |
strongly cemented or indurated
between 50 and 100 cm from the surface. |
Epipetric |
strongly cemented or indurated
within 50 cm from the soil surface. |
Petrocalcic |
having a petrocalcic
horizon within 100 cm from the soil surface. |
Petroduric |
having a petroduric horizon
within 100 cm from the soil surface. |
Petrogypsic |
having a petrogypsic
horizon within 100 cm from the soil surface. |
Petroplinthic |
having a petroplinthic
horizon within 100 cm from the soil surface. |
Petrosalic |
having within 100 cm from the soil
surface a horizon 10 cm or more thick which is cemented
by salts more soluble than gypsum. |
Placic |
having within 100 cm from the soil
surface a subhorizon of the spodic horizon which
is 1 cm or more thick and which is continuously cemented
by a combination of organic matter and aluminium, with or
without iron ("thin iron pan") (in Podzols
only). |
Plaggic |
having a plaggic horizon;
in Anthrosols 50 cm or more thick, in other soils
less than 50 cm thick. |
Planic |
having an eluvial horizon abruptly
overlying a slowly permeable horizon within 100 cm from
the soil surface. |
Plinthic |
having a plinthic horizon
within 100 cm from the soil surface. |
Epiplinthic |
having a plinthic horizon
within 50 cm from the soil surface. |
Hyperplinthic |
having a plinthic horizon
in which irreversible hardening results in a continuous
sheet of ironstone. |
Ortihiplinthic |
having a plinthic horizon
in which irreversible hardening results in a layer of
gravel-sized ironstone. |
Paraplinthic |
having a mottled horizon with at
least 10 percent (by volume) iron nodules resembling a plinthic
horizon but which does not irreversibly harden on
repeated drying and wetting. |
Posic |
having a zero or positive charge
(pHKCl - pHwater) in a layer more
than 30 cm thick within 100 cm from the soil surface (in
Ferralsols only). |
Profondic |
having an argic horizon in
which the clay distribution is such that the clay content
does not decrease by more than 20 percent (relative) from
its maximum within 150 cm from the soil surface. |
Protic |
showing no appreciable soil
horizon development (in Arenosols only). |
Reductic |
having anaerobe conditions caused
by gaseous emissions (e.g. methane, carbon dioxide,
etc...) (in Anthropic Regosols only). |
Regic |
lacking recognizable buried
horizons (in Anthrosols only). |
Rendzic |
having a mollic horizon
which contains or immediately overlies calcareous
materials containing more than 40 percent calcium
carbonate equivalent (in Leptosols only). |
Rheic |
having a water regime conditioned
by surface water (in Histosols only). |
Rhodic |
having a B horizon which has a
Munsell hue redder than 5YR (3.5YR or redder) in all
parts (apart from minor transitional horizons to A and C
horizons), and has a moist colour value of less than 3.5,
and a dry colour value no more than one unit higher than
the moist value. |
Rubic |
having a B horizon (or a horizon
immediately below the A horizon) with a dominant Munsell
colour hue redder than 10YR and/or a moist chrome of 5 or
more (in Arenosols only). |
Ruptic |
having a lithological
discontinuity within 100 cm from the soil surface. |
Rustic |
having a cemented spodic
horizon which has enough amorphous iron to turn redder on
ignition, which underlies an albic horizon, and
lacks a subhorizon of the spodic horizon which is
2.5 cm or more thick and which is continuously cemented
by a combination of organic matter and aluminium, with or
without iron ("thin iron pan") (in Podzols
only). |
Salic |
having a salic horizon
within 100 cm from the soil surface. |
Endosalic |
having a salic horizon
between 50 and 100 cm from the soil surface. |
Episalic |
having a salic horizon
between 25 and 50 cm from the soil surface. |
Hyposalic |
having an electric conductivity of
the saturation extract of more than 4 dS m-1
at 25°C in at least some subhorizon within 100 cm from
the soil surface. |
Hypersalic |
having an electric conductivity of
the saturation extract of more than 30 dS m-1
at 25 C in at least some subhorizon within 100 cm of the
soil surface. |
Sapric |
having less than one-sixth (by
volume) of the organic soil material consisting of
recognizable plant tissue (after rubbing) (in
Histosols only). |
Silic |
having an andic horizon
with an acid oxalate (pH 3) extractable silica (Siox)
content of 0.6 percent or more, or an Alpy/Alox
ratio of less than 0.5 in Andosols only). |
Siltic |
having 40 percent or more silt in
a horizon more than 30 cm thick, within 100 cm from the
soil surface. |
Skeletic |
having between 40 and 90 percent
(by weight) gravel or other coarse fragments to a depth
of 100 cm from the soil surface. |
Endoskeletic |
having between 40 and 90 percent
(by weight) gravel or other coarse fragments between 50
and 100 cm from the soil surface. |
Episkeletic |
having between 40 and 90 percent
(by weight) gravel or other coarse fragments between 20
and 50 cm from the soil surface. |
Sodic |
having more than 15 percent
exchangeable sodium or more than 50 percent exchangeable
sodium plus magnesium on the exchange complex within 50
cm from the soil surface. |
Endosodic |
having more than 15 percent
exchangeable sodium or more than 50 percent exchangeable
sodium plus magnesium on the exchange complex between 50
and 100 cm from the soil surface. |
Hyposodic |
having more than 6 percent
saturation with exchangeable sodium in at least some
subhorizon more than 20 cm thick within 100 cm from the
soil surface. |
Spodic |
having a spodic horizon. |
Spolic |
having accumulations of anthropogeomorphic
soil material containing more than 35 percent (by volume)
industrial waste (mine soil, river dredgings, highway
constructions, etc.) (in Anthropic Regosols only). |
Stagnic |
having stagnic properties
within 50 cm from the soil surface. |
Endostagnic |
having stagnic properties
between 50 and 100 cm from the soil surface. |
Sulphatic |
having a soil solution (1:1 in
water) with SO4 > > HCO3 >
Cl (in Solonchaks only). |
Takyric |
having a takyric horizon. |
Tephric |
having tephric soil
material to a depth of 30 cm or more from the soil
surface. |
Terric |
having a terric horizon; in
Anthrosols 50 cm or more thick, in other soils
less than 50 cm thick. |
Thionic |
having a sulfuric horizon
or sulfidic soil material within 100 cm from the
soil surface. |
Orthithionic |
having a sulfuric horizon
within 100 cm from the soil surface. |
Protothionic |
having sulfidic soil
material within 100 cm from the soil surface. |
Toxic |
having within 50 cm from the soil
surface concentrations of ions other than aluminium,
iron, sodium, calcium or magnesium which are toxic for
plant growth. |
Turbic |
having cryoturbative features
(mixed soil material, disrupted soil horizons,
involutions (swirl-like patterns in soil horizons),
organic intrusions, frost heave, separation of coarse
from fine soil materials, cracks, patterned surface
features such as earth hummocks, frost mounds, stone
circles, nets and polygons), either at the surface or
within 100 cm from the soil surface (in Cryosols only). |
Umbric |
having an umbric horizon. |
Urbic |
having accumulations of anthropogeomorphic
soil material containing more than 35 percent (by volume)
earthy materials mixed with building rubble and artifacts
(in Anthropic Regosols only). |
Vermic |
having 50 percent or more (by
volume) of wormholes, wormcasts, and filled animal
burrows in the upper 100 cm of the soil or down to rock
or to a petrocalcic, petroduric, petrogypsic or petroplinthic
horizon, whichever is shallower. |
Vertic |
having a vertic horizon
within 100 cm from the soil surface. |
Vetic |
having less than 6 cmolc
kg-1 clay of exchangeable bases plus
exchangeable acidity in at least some subhorizon of the B
horizon within 100 from the soil surface. |
Vitric |
having a vitric horizon
within 100 cm from the soil surface and lacking an andic
horizon overlying a vitric horizon. |
Xanthic |
having a ferralic horizon
with a yellow to pale yellow colour (rubbed soil has
Munsell hues of 7.5YR or yellower with a value, moist, of
4 or more and a chrome, moist, of 5 or more). |
Yermic |
having a yermic horizon
including a desert pavement. |
Nudiyermic |
having a yermic horizon
without a desert pavement. |
The following prefixes
may be used to indicate depth of occurrence, or to
express the intensity of soil characteristics or
properties. They are combined to one word with other
elements, e.g. Orthicalci-. A double combination, e.g.
Epihypercalci-, is allowed. |
|
Bathi |
horizon, property or material
starting between 100 and 200 cm from the soil surface. |
Cumuli |
having a repetitive accumulation
of soil material of 50 cm or more in the surface or A
horizon. |
Endo |
horizon, property or material
starting at lower depths, generally between 50 and 100 cm
from the soil surface. |
Epi |
horizon, property or material
starting within 50 and 100 cm from the soil surface. |
Hyper |
having an excessive or strong
expression of certain features. |
Hypo |
having a slight or weak expression
of certain features. |
Orthi |
having a typical expression of
certain features (typical in the sense that there is no
further or meaningful characterization). |
Para |
having resemblance to certain
features (e.g. Paralithic). |
Proto |
indicating a precondition or an
early stage of development of certain features (e.g.
Protothionic). |
Thapto |
having a buried horizon within 100
cm from the soil surface (given in combination with the
buried diagnostic horizon, e.g. Thaptomollic). |